A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

【Author】 Wang, Yuntao; Su, Zhou; Zhang, Ning; Xing, Rui; Liu, Dongxiao; Luan, Tom H. H.; Shen, Xuemin

【Source】IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS AND TUTORIALS

【影响因子】33.840

【Abstract】Metaverse, as an evolving paradigm of the next-generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and self-sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, and socialize. Driven by recent advances in emerging technologies such as extended reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, metaverse is stepping from science fiction to an upcoming reality. However, severe privacy invasions and security breaches (inherited from underlying technologies or emerged in the new digital ecology) of metaverse can impede its wide deployment. At the same time, a series of fundamental challenges (e.g., scalability and interoperability) can arise in metaverse security provisioning owing to the intrinsic characteristics of metaverse, such as immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporality, sustainability, and heterogeneity. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals, security, and privacy of metaverse. Specifically, we first investigate a novel distributed metaverse architecture and its key characteristics with ternary-world interactions. Then, we discuss the security and privacy threats, present the critical challenges of metaverse systems, and review the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Finally, we draw open research directions for building future metaverse systems.

【Keywords】Metaverse; Security; Privacy; Artificial intelligence; Blockchains; Spatiotemporal phenomena; Scalability; security; privacy; distributed virtual worlds; extended reality; artificial intelligence; blockchain

【发表时间】2023 JAN-MAR

【收录时间】2023-07-24

【文献类型】综述

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙