The Ethereum Merge on September 15, 2022, was a significant milestone for the blockchain and cryptocurrency space. This paper investigates the impact of the Ethereum transition to Proof-ofStake on the...

Existing consensus protocols for blockchain technology have issues with high latency and complexity. Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)-based Byzantine Fault Tolerance(BFT) solutions have become popular to a...

Blockchain is a distributed ledger that various applications can use to store data in a secure, decentralized, and immutable manner. The key piece in a blockchain is the consensus algorithm that diffe...

The Industrial Internet of Things collects data from the environment to improve industrial processes. Data integrity, privacy, authorisation, and authentication attacks are among the security vulnerab...

An amalgamation of blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) has presented notable concerns regarding scalability, security, and privacy, particularly in IoT contexts with limited resourc...