Blockchain in Education: A Systematic Review and Practical Case Studies

【Author】 Ocheja, Patrick; Agbo, Friday Joseph; Oyelere, Solomon Sunday; Flanagan, Brendan; Ogata, Hiroaki

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【Abstract】The advent of blockchain technology over the last decade has led to the development of multiple use-cases of decentralization in various fields including education. This paper presents a unique bibliometric and qualitative analysis of the blockchain in education with novel contributions on temporal development, emerging themes and practical case studies on adoption and integration with existing educational technologies. We focus on identifying the major actors in the space, demographic participation and adoption, current hot topics, grey areas, and potential areas for innovation. Our analysis shows that while the blockchain has been around for about 13 years, blockchain in education only became prominent 5 years ago. This research also reveals that most of the efforts have been focused on reporting and verifying academic certificates and transcripts: only very few research focused on reporting and connecting in-depth academic records such as learning behaviour logs, learning contents and assessment data. This calls for concern as current education blockchain systems do not consider interoperability at the blockchain level and the heterogeneous nature in which institutes create and consume academic data. Finally, we present discussions on the implications of our findings, potential solutions and aspects of education blockchain research that can help to improve educational outcomes for various stakeholders.

【Keywords】Blockchains; Education; Databases; Bibliometrics; Electronic learning; Systematics; Learning (artificial intelligence); Academic records; analysis; application programming interface (API); artificial intelligence (AI); bibliometric; blockchain of learning logs (BOLL); education; experience API (xAPI); information and communication technology (ICT); latent dirichlet allocation (LDA); learning management system (LMS); learning record store (LRS); learning tools interoperability (LTI); quick response (QR); sharable content object reference model (SCORM); smart ecosystem for learning and inclusion (SELI)

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-26

【文献类型】综述

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-教育领域