Spatial Positioning Token (SPToken) for Smart Mobility

【Author】 Overko, Roman; Ordonez-Hurtado, Rodrigo; Zhuk, Sergiy; Ferraro, Pietro; Cullen, Andrew; Shorten, Robert

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

【影响因子】9.551

【Abstract】We introduce a permissioned distributed ledger technology (DLT) design for crowdsourced smart mobility applications. This architecture is based on a directed acyclic graph architecture (similar to the IOTA tangle) and uses both Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Position mechanisms to provide protection against spam attacks and malevolent actors. In addition to enabling individuals to retain ownership of their data and to monetize it, the architecture is also suitable for distributed privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms, is lightweight, and can be implemented in simple internet-of-things (IoT) devices. To demonstrate its efficacy, we apply this framework to reinforcement learning settings where a third party is interested in acquiring information from agents. In particular, one may be interested in sampling an unknown vehicular traffic flow in a city, using a DLT-type architecture and without perturbing the density, with the idea of realizing a set of virtual tokens as surrogates of real vehicles to explore geographical areas of interest. These tokens, whose authenticated position determines write access to the ledger, are thus used to emulate the probing actions of commanded (real) vehicles on a given planned route by jumping from a passing-by vehicle to another to complete the planned trajectory. Consequently, the environment stays unaffected (i.e., the autonomy of participating vehicles is not influenced by the algorithm), regardless of the number of emitted tokens. The design of such a DLT architecture is presented, and numerical results from large-scale simulations are provided to validate the proposed approach.

【Keywords】Distributed ledger; Distributed databases; Computer architecture; Recommender systems; Reinforcement learning; Smart cities; Smart mobility; distributed ledger technology; reinforcement learning; multi-agent learning; data management; recommender systems

【发表时间】2022 FEB

【收录时间】2022-02-16

【文献类型】期刊

【主题类别】

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