【Author】 Zhang, Zhiyuan Sun, Qinglin Ma, Yongfan

【Source】FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS

【影响因子】9.848

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】In this paper, we employ the NARDL model to examine whether non-fungible tokens (NFTs) can act as hedges and safe havens for stocks, bonds, US dollar, gold, crude oil and Bitcoin. In addition to examining whether NFTs can act as hedges for other assets during the full period (January 1, 2018-March 31, 2022), we also study the hedging properties of NFTs during the pre-COVID-19 period and the safe haven properties of NFTs in times of stress after the COVID-19 outbreak. The empirical results show that in the full period, NFTs are hedges for bonds, US dollar and gold on average; in the pre-COVID-19 period, NFTs are hedges for stocks and US dollar on average; in the COVID-19 period, NFTs can act as safe havens for US dollar. Our empirical findings have important implications for investors looking for hedging and safe haven instruments for major asset classes.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Non-fungible tokens; Hedge; Safe haven; NARDL model

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.frl.2022.103315

【Author】 Park, Sun Jae Keum, Changmin Zhou, Huanyu Lee, Tae-Woo Choe, Wonhee Cho, Himchan

【Source】ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

【影响因子】8.856

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-AR

【Abstract】Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging interactive technologies that realize the "metaverse," leading to a totally new digital interactive experience in daily life in various aspects. In order to provide users with a more immersive experience, displays for AR/VR have rapidly evolved to achieve high resolutions and a large color gamut on small panels. Recently, nanoscale light emitters such as quantum dots (QDs) and metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and color purity levels have garnered much attention as color conversion materials in AR/VR displays. However, the low material stability and the absence of a high-resolution patterning process that does not impair the optical properties of nanoscale emitters act as obstacles preventing the realization of high-resolution AR/VR displays. Here, the state-of-the-art technologies constituting current AR/VR devices are reviewed from an industrial point of view and the recent progress in QD and MHP emitter technologies are discussed, including their basic structural properties, synthesis strategies to enhance the stability, advanced patterning technologies, down-conversion and light-emitting diode applications. Based on the review, the authors' perspective on future research directions of nanoscale emitters for next-generation AR/VR displays is presented. [Park, Sun Jae; Cho, Himchan] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 291 Daehak Ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; [Keum, Changmin] Samsung Elect Co Ltd, Samsung Res, Seongchon Gil 34, Seoul 06765, South Korea; [Zhou, Huanyu; Lee, Tae-Woo] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea; [Lee, Tae-Woo] Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Engn Res, Res Inst Adv Mat, Sch Chem & Biol Engn,Soft Foundry, 1 Gwanak Ro, Seoul 08826, South Korea; [Choe, Wonhee] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Artificial Intelligence & Software, 52 Ewhayeodae Gil, Seoul 03760, South Korea Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST); Samsung; Samsung Electronics; Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Ewha Womans University Cho, H (通讯作者)，Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 291 Daehak Ro, Daejeon 34141, South Korea. himchan@kaist.ac.kr National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant by the Korean Government (MSIT) [NRF-2022R1A5A6000846]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea Government (MSIT) [NRF-2022M3H4A1A03085346]; POSCO Science Fellowship of POSCO TJ Park Foundation; Pioneer Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT amp; Future Planning [2022M3C1A3081211] National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant by the Korean Government (MSIT)(National Research Foundation of KoreaMinistry of Science & ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea Government (MSIT)(National Research Foundation of KoreaMinistry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of KoreaMinistry of Science & ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea); POSCO Science Fellowship of POSCO TJ Park Foundation; Pioneer Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT amp; Future Planning(National Research Foundation of Korea) S.J.P. and C.K. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by the Wearable Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC) funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant by the Korean Government (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A5A6000846). This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIT) (NRF-2022M3H4A1A03085346). This research has been supported by the POSCO Science Fellowship of POSCO TJ Park Foundation. T.W.L. acknowledges the financial support from Pioneer Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (grant No. 2022M3C1A3081211). 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Mater. Technol. 10.1002/admt.202201070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.202201070 DEC 2022 33 Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) Materials Science 6W7XA 2023-01-05 WOS:000895939200001

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】colloidal quantum dots; down-conversion; extended reality; halide perovskites; near-eye displays

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.1002/admt.202201070

【Author】 Ouyang, Liwei Zhang, Wenwen Wang, Fei-Yue

【Source】COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

【影响因子】4.152

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约

【Abstract】With the deep integration of blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI), more and more blockchain-based AI tasks are accomplished using Smart Contracts (SCs) and create win-win solutions. That is, blockchain provides a trustworthy and decentralized data infrastructure for AI, and AI helps blockchain perform tasks requiring intelligence. Since these special SCs designed for blockchain-based AI tasks have different characteristics from the widely studied SCs designed for business logic, we name them Intelligent Contracts (ICs) for a focused study. In this paper, we systematically analyze ICs and propose a constructive framework for their construction and application. Specifically, we first formulate two construction modes of current ICs, including encoding AI models and scheduling AI collaboration. Then, we compare the characteristics of these two modes theoretically and experimentally as a reference for future mode selection. Finally, to extend the application of ICs and encourage AI-driven blockchain intelligence, we propose a technical route that helps blockchain autonomously respond to AI tasks through the dynamic and optimal configuration of ICs. Using typical AI tasks of classifying IRIS, MNIST, and ImageNet data sets as examples, we implement and thoroughly evaluate two modes of ICs on Ethereum. Based on the constructed ICs, we illustrate their optimal configuration and automatic response process. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed framework.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Smart contracts; Blockchain intelligence; Decentralized artificial intelligence

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108421

【Author】 Shakeri, Maryam Sadeghi-Niaraki, Abolghasem Choi, Soo-Mi AbuHmed, Tamer

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-AR

【Abstract】With the emergence of the metaverse, the popularity of augmented reality (AR) is increasing; accessing concise, accurate, and precise information in this field is becoming challenging on the world wide web. In regard to accessing the right information through search engines, semantic information retrieval via a semantic analysis delivers more relevant information pertaining to the user's query. However, there is insufficient research on developing semantic information retrieval methods in the AR domain that ranks and clusters AR-based search results in a fair fashion. This paper develops an AR search engine that automatically organizes, understands, searches, and summarizes web documents to enhance the relevancy scores in AR domains. The engine enables users to organize and manage relevant AR documents in various AR concepts and efficiently discover more accurate results in terms of relevancy in the AR field. First, we propose an AR ontology for clustering AR documents into AR topics and concepts. Second, we developed an ontology-based clustering method using the k-means clustering algorithm, vector space model, and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting model with ontology to explore and cluster the AR documents. Third, an experiment was designed to evaluate the proposed AR search engine and compare it with the custom search engine in the AR domains. The results showed that the AR search engine accessed the right information about 42.33% faster and with a 34% better ranking.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】augmented reality; ontology; information retrieval; clustering

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/su142315681

【Author】 Hang, Lei Ullah, Israr Yang, Jun Chen, Chun

【Source】PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS CCF-C

【影响因子】3.488

【主题类别】

区块链技术-平台项目-Hyperledger Fabric

【Abstract】Clinical trials have been made transparent and accessible because of the widespread adoption of blockchain technology. Its distinctive characteristics, such as data immutability and transparency, could increase public trust in a fair and transparent manner among all stakeholders. However, blockchain systems cannot handle the requirement of processing huge volumes of data in real time. Scalability becomes a severe issue when implementing decentralized applications for clinical studies. With an abrupt expansion in the number of transaction exchanges happening consistently and the capital associated with those exchanges, there is an urgent demand for developers and users to know blockchain systems' performance limits to determine if requirements can be fulfilled; however, little is known about the prediction of blockchain system behaviors. This paper shows the feasibility of using machine learning technologies to predict the transaction throughput of blockchain-based systems in clinical trials. A learning to prediction model is proposed, in which the Kalman filter is used to predict the transaction throughput, and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is utilized to enhance the Kalman filter's prediction accuracy. A real dataset generated from a clinical trial testbed using Hyperledger Fabric is utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Moreover, we compare the Kalman filter with other learning modules, and the results indicate that the ANN performs best. Furthermore, we apply the proposed approach to different blockchain platforms, and the experiment results indicate the efficiency and universality of the designed approach.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Kalman filter; Artificial neural network; Learning to prediction; Transaction throughput; Clinical trials

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1007/s12083-022-01422-4

【Author】 Naaz, Adeeba Kumar, T. V. Pavan Francis, Maria Kataoka, Kotaro

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】Authentication while maintaining anonymity when availing a service over the internet is a significant privacy challenge. Anonymous credentials (AC) address this by providing the user with a credential issued by a trusted entity that convinces the service provider ( $\mathcal {SP}$ ) that the user is authenticated but reveals no other information. The existing AC schemes assume a single trusted authority (certifier) that validates all the user attributes. In practice, however, a user may require different attributes to be attested by different certifiers. This means that the user has to get multiple credentials, increasing the burden on the $\mathcal {SP}$ who has to verify each one of them. Moreover, complete anonymity can be misused. We propose a decentralized threshold revocable anonymous credential (DTRAC) scheme over blockchains that supports - a) attestation of attributes by multiple certifiers, and b) anonymity revocation through a set of distributed openers, by integrating threshold opening to the state-of-the-art threshold anonymous credential issuance scheme, Coconut [35]. DTRAC generates a single credential on attributes that are attested by multiple certifiers, freeing the SP from the hassle of verifying multiple credentials. We analyze the security of DTRAC formally in the universal composability (UC) framework. We also implement a prototype on Ethereum using smart contracts and give a detailed analysis of its performance. We compare the verification time for credentials with attributes attested by multiple certifiers in both DTRAC and Coconut and see that in terms of execution time and gas consumption, DTRAC performs significantly better than Coconut. It also scales better, with the performance gain of DTRAC over Coconut increasing linearly with the number of certifiers.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Elliptic curves; Blockchains; Computer science; Authentication; Prototypes; Performance gain; Companies; Zero-knowledge proofs; threshold issuance of credentials; threshold opening of credentials; multi-certifier model

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3225439

【Author】 Javarone, Marco Alberto Di Antonio, Gabriele Vinci, Gianni Valerio Pietronero, Luciano Gola, Carlo

【Source】PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES

【影响因子】3.213

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-挖矿策略

【Abstract】The energy sustainability of blockchains, whose consensus protocol rests on the Proof-of-Work, nourishes a heated debate. The underlying issue lies in a highly energy-consuming process, defined as mining, required to validate crypto-asset transactions. Mining is the process of solving a cryptographic puzzle, incentivized by the possibility of gaining a reward. The higher the number of users performing mining, i.e. miners, the higher the overall electricity consumption of a blockchain. For that reason, mining constitutes a negative environmental externality. Here, we study whether miners' interests can meet the collective need to curb energy consumption. To this end, we introduce the Crypto-Asset Game, namely a model based on the framework of Evolutionary Game Theory devised for studying the dynamics of a population whose agents can play as crypto-asset users or as miners. The proposed model, studied via numerical simulations, reveals a rich spectrum of possible steady states. Interestingly, by setting the miners' reward in the function of the population size, agents reach a strategy profile that optimizes global energy consumption. To conclude, can a Proof-of-Work-based blockchain become energetically sustainable? Our results suggest that blockchain protocol parameters could have a relevant role in the global energy consumption of this technology.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Evolutionary Game Theory; Blockchain; Complex systems

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1098/rspa.2022.0642

【Author】 Sanchez-de la Rosa, Miguel Nunez-Gomez, Carlos Blanca Caminero, M. Carrion, Carmen

【Source】SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE

【影响因子】3.200

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-雾计算

【Abstract】Fog computing has become a complementary technology to cloud computing and addresses some of the cloud computing threats such as the response time and network bandwidth demand. Fog computing successes processing data and storing data near to the edge, and usually is combined with container virtualization to provide hardware isolation. Empowered by these capabilities, numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications are developed as virtualized instances on resource-constrained fog nodes such as single-board computers (SBC). In addition, blockchain has emerged as a key technology that is transforming the way we share information. Blockchain technology represents a decentralised, distributed, and immutable database ledger and is a potential solution for the distributed ecosystem of IoT applications. The distributed structure of blockchain is naturally suitable for IoT applications. However, it introduces new challenges related to CPU overhead or response time. This paper proposes a layered architecture that integrates blockchain technology and OS-level virtualization technology to develop fog-based IoT applications. It also provides insights for future deployments through a proof-of-concept use case harnessing SBCs, in this case Raspberry Pi, as blockchain-enabled fog nodes to drive virtualized IoT applications. The study shows that the maximum CPU overhead added by a permissioned blockchain based on Ethereum on the Raspberry Pi is around a 25% under stress situations while the overhead introduced by the sealer process is negligible. These results support the feasibility of using blockchain on resource-constrained fog nodes for supporting IoT applications.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; fog computing; internet of things; smart contracts; single-board computers

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1002/spe.3173

【Author】 Taherdoost, Hamed

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-人工智能

【Abstract】It is undeniable that the adoption of blockchain- and artificial intelligence (AI)-based paradigms is proceeding at lightning speed. Both paradigms provide something new to the market, but the degree of novelty and complexity of each is different. In the age of digital money, blockchains may automate installments to allow for the safe, decentralized exchange of personal data, information, and logs. AI and blockchains are two of the most talked about technologies right now. Using a decentralized, secure, and trustworthy system, blockchain technology can automate bitcoin payments and provide users access to a shared ledger of records, transactions, and data. Through the use of smart contracts, a blockchain may also regulate user interactions without the need for a central authority. As an alternative, AI provides robots with the ability to reason and make decisions and human-level intellect. This revelation led to a thorough assessment of the AI and blockchain combo created between 2012 and 2022. This critical review contains 121 articles from the recent decade that investigate the present situation and rationale of the AI and blockchain combination. The integration's practical application is the emphasis of this overview's meatiest portion. In addition, the gaps and problems of this combination in the linked literature have been studied, with a focus on the constraints.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain technology; artificial intelligence; AI; critical review; AI applications

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/app122412948

【Author】 Olanrewaju, Rashidah Funke Khan, Burhan Ul Islam Kiah, Miss Laiha Mat Abdullah, Nor Aniza Goh, Khang Wen

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】The inclusion of mobility-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices accelerates the data transmission process, thereby catering to IoT users' demands; however, securing the data transmission in mobility-based IoT is one complex and challenging concern. The adoption of unified security architecture has been identified to prevent side-channel attacks in the IoT, which has been discussed extensively in developing security solutions. Despite blockchain's apparent superiority in withstanding a wide range of security threats, a careful examination of the relevant literature reveals that some common pitfalls are associated with these methods. Therefore, the proposed scheme introduces a novel computational security framework wherein a branched and decentralized blockchain network is formulated to facilitate coverage from different variants of side-channel IoT attacks that are yet to be adequately reported. A unique blockchain-based authentication approach is designed to secure communication among mobile IoT devices using multiple stages of security implementation with Smart Agreement and physically unclonable functions. Analytical modeling with lightweight finite field encryption is used to create this framework in Python. The study's benchmark results show that the proposed scheme offers 4% less processing time, 5% less computational overhead, 1% more throughput, 12% less latency, and 30% less energy consumption compared to existing blockchain methods.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】mobility; Internet-of-Things; secure data transmission; blockchain; Ethereum; side-channel attack; smart agreement; physical unclonable function

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11233982

【Author】 Taylor, Sarah Kim, Steve Ho-yong Ariffin, Khairol Akram Zainol Abdullah, Siti Norul Huda Sheikh

【Source】FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-DIGITAL INVESTIGATION

【影响因子】1.805

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】Studies have shown that the existing methodology of digital forensics preservation, which is to acquire and hash the evidence, is insufficient for cryptocurrencies as it does not secure the value. To address this issue, investigators secure the cryptocurrency by transferring it to a crypto wallet controlled by the Law Enforcement Agencies(LEAs). This process will unavoidably modify some data. Despite the criticality of this issue, inadequate studies have been made in this area. In addition, current guidelines on securing the cryptocurrency lack a comprehensive description from the perspective of digital evidence preservation principles. Crucial data to be documented throughout the preservation process were also not properly listed. Therefore, this study aims to address the gap in preserving cryptocurrencies from crypto wallets. Three objectives were then laid out; (1) to develop a methodology that is mapped comprehensively with digital evidence preservation principle, (2) to describe and provide justification on the inevitably modified data, and (3) to list crucial data to be documented during preservation process. The methods to achieve the objectives were critical examinations on various types of crypto wallets and by using simulation. The result shows that the study is able to provide a comprehensive crypto wallets preservation methodology to forensic investigators. It is hoped that the outcome from this study will promote better understanding, ensure consistency of implementation, and to aid investigators in explaining and justifying their actions during search and seizure in court.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Cryptocurrency forensics; Bitcoin forensics; Digital forensics; Digital investigation; Virtual currency

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1016/j.fsidi.2022.301477

【Author】 Sahoo, Pradipta Kumar Sethi, Dinabandhu

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS

【影响因子】1.634

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】Cryptocurrencies have emerged as an important investment avenue in the past few years. Investors are increasingly interested in these currencies amid surging financial returns. In this context, understanding market efficiency of cryptocurrency has become very crucial for investors and academicians. The price-volume framework is a popular approach in financial economics to understand the market efficiency of stocks in the stock markets. Therefore, this article examines the market efficiency of cryptocurrencies through price-volume framework to understand whether crypto market is predictable. Towards this objective, data on both return and trading volume (TV) of the top eight cryptocurrencies are used for the period 8 August 2015-20 October 2022. As an empirical method, both linear and non-linear causality models are used to validate the hypothesis. Our results confirm that TV cannot predict the cryptocurrencies' return, thereby validating the market efficiency hypothesis. Furthermore, we divide the sample according to the structural break period. The result from the post-break period analysis also confirms the presence of market efficiency in the recent period for all currencies, barring XRP, XMR and DASH.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cryptocurrencies; efficient market hypothesis; non-linear causality; structural break

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-01-08

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1002/ijfe.2744