【Author】 Umar, Zaghum Bossman, Ahmed Choi, Sun-Yong Teplova, Tamara

【Source】FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS

【影响因子】9.848

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】We investigate the relationship between global risk aversion and safe-haven assets using the causality-in-quantiles test and the quantile-on-quantile regression method. Our empirical results show the predictability of global risk aversion on the returns of safe-haven assets. Furthermore, we find that several assets have consistent safe haven attributes regardless of the level of global risk aversion, while gold and Bitcoin cannot be considered consistent safe havens. Based on these findings, non-cash flow-induced shocks are not only an important predictor of asset returns but also their relevance cuts across general financial markets.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Global risk aversion; Safe-haven; Causality-in-quantiles; Quantile-on-quantile regression

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.frl.2022.103444

【Author】 Wang, Xiujuan Kang, Mengzhen Sun, Hequan de Reffye, Philippe Wang, Fei-Yue

【Source】IEEE-CAA JOURNAL OF AUTOMATICA SINICA

【影响因子】7.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-农牧领域

【Abstract】The demand for food is tremendously increasing with the growth of the world population, which necessitates the development of sustainable agriculture under the impact of various factors, such as climate change. To fulfill this challenge, we are developing Metaverses for agriculture, referred to as AgriVerse, under our Decentralized Complex Adaptive Systems in Agriculture (DeCASA) project, which is a digital world of smart villages created alongside the development of Decentralized Sciences (DeSci) and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) for Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSSs). Additionally, we provide the architectures, operating modes and major applications of DeCASA in Agri-Verse. For achieving sustainable agriculture, a foundation model based on ACP theory and federated intelligence is envisaged. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Parallel Agriculture Management and Control; AgriVerse; Agriculture CPSS; ACP; DAO-Based Platform; Precision Agriculture

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/JAS.2022.106103

【Author】 Mardiansyah, Viddi Sari, Riri Fitri

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制

【Abstract】Proof-of-Work (PoW) was the first blockchain consensus protocol discovered, followed by Proof-of-Stake and others. The disadvantage of the PoW is that it requires high energy consumption compared to other consensus protocols. Based on this weakness, some researchers proposed a lightweight blockchain technology, a modified blockchain that has a simplified algorithm but does not reduce the security factor. This lightweight blockchain is suitable for applications requiring data reliability but with limited computing resources, such as Internet of Things devices. This paper discussed and modified the SimBlock simulator as one of the existing blockchain simulators. It has a visualization tool to look further into the propagation transition of the block. Unfortunately, the existing PoW consensus on the SimBlock simulator is unable to pinpoint the actual hash computation method. Therefore, the hashing process in the SimBlock simulator was modified by including the difficulty level for finding the hash target. The purpose of including the difficulty level was to determine how long it takes to create a block. By knowing the time needed, a recommendation could be obtained for the most suitable difficulty level for a lightweight blockchain and its implementation with IoT devices. There are two options of approaches to the difficulty level referred to in this paper; finding the number of zeros that appear sequentially and are in front of a hash value (leading zero) and finding the number of zeros that appear arbitrarily (count zero). For example, the first difficulty level on a leading-zero quest has the same meaning as searching for a leading zero, the second level of difficulty is the search for the two leading zeros, etc. The block generation time on a blockchain network using the PoW consensus highly depends on the difficulty level. Block generation time and resource utility have been analyzed and compared with other blockchain simulators and existing networks, such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. The modified SimBlock simulator was tested in this experiment using 100-600 nodes, with the expected result of creating 100-1000 blocks. Based on the experiments, creating a block using leading zeros as the hash target for the first to fourth difficulty levels took less than 1 s, whereas when using count zeros (zero-count) as the target hash, it took less than 1 s for the first to fifteenth difficulty levels. Using leading zeros took approximately 237.4 s at difficulty level 7, while count-zero took approximately 633.8 s at difficulty level 19. The experiment was not continued at the next difficulty level because it required a longer compilation time. With the modifications made, the creation of a block on a blockchain network using the PoW consensus can be clearly seen. The difficulty level added to the simulator can also provide information for determining the difficulty level to be implemented on the lightweight blockchain.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; lightweight blockchain; SimBlock simulator; Proof-of-Work; difficulty level

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/s22239057

【Author】 Zhao, Jindong Wang, Wenshuo Wang, Dan Wang, Xuan Mu, Chunxiao

【Source】JOURNAL OF CLOUD COMPUTING-ADVANCES SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

【影响因子】3.418

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】Nowadays, smart medical cloud platforms have become a new direction in the industry. However, because the medical system involves personal physiological data, user privacy in data transmission and processing is also easy to leak in the smart medical cloud platform. This paper proposed a medical data privacy preserving framework named PMHE based on blockchain and fully homomorphic encryption technology. The framework receives personal physiological data from wearable devices on the client side, and uses blockchain as data storage to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with or forged; Besides, it uses fully homomorphic encryption method to design disease prediction models implemented by smart contracts. In PMHE, data is encoded and encrypted on the client side, and encrypted data is uploaded to the cloud platform via the public Internet, preventing privacy leakage caused by channel eavesdropping; smart contracts run on the blockchain platform for disease prediction, and the operators participating in computing are encrypted user data too. So, privacy and security issues caused by platform data leakage are avoided. The client-to-cloud interaction protocol is also designed to overcome the defect that fully homomorphic encryption only supports addition and multiplication by submitting tuples on the client side, to ensure that the prediction model can perform complex computing. In addition, the design of the smart contract is introduced in detail, and the performance of the system is analyzed. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the operating effect of the system, ensuring that user privacy is not leaked without affecting the accuracy of the model, and realizing a smart medical cloud platform in which data can be used but cannot be borrowed.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Homomorphic encryption; Smart contracts; Privacy computing; Smart medical

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1186/s13677-022-00373-8

【Author】 Habbak, Hany Baza, Mohamed Mahmoud, Mohamed M. E. A. Metwally, Khaled Mattar, Ahmed Salama, Gouda I.

【Source】ENERGIES

【影响因子】3.252

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-电力领域

【Abstract】With the rapid emergence of smart grids, charging coordination is considered the intrinsic actor that merges energy storage units (ESUs) into the grid in addition to its substantial role in boosting the resiliency and efficiency of the grid. However, it suffers from several challenges beginning with dependency on the energy service provider (ESP) as a single entity to manage the charging process, which makes the grid susceptible to several types of attacks such as a single point of failure or a denial-of-service attack (DoS). In addition, to schedule charging, the ESUs should submit charging requests including time to complete charging (TCC) and battery state of charge (SoC), which may disclose serious information relevant to the consumers. The analysis of this data could reveal the daily activities of those consumers. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preservation charging coordination scheme using a blockchain. The blockchain achieves decentralization and transparency to defeat the security issues related to centralized architectures. The privacy preservation will be fulfilled using a verifiable aggregation mechanism integrated with an aggregated signing technique to identify the untrusted aggregator and assure the data source and the identity of the sender. Security and performance evaluations are performed, including off-chain and on-chain experiments and simulations, to assess the security and efficiency of the scheme.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】electrical vehicle; privacy preservation; blockchain; charging coordination; security; smart contract; energy storage units

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/en15238996

【Author】 Pflueger, Dane Kornberger, Martin Mouritsen, Jan

【Source】EUROPEAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW

【影响因子】2.845

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-财会领域

【Abstract】Across industry and academia, there is currently much discussion about the implications of blockchain for accounting. We contribute to these ongoing discussions by critically investigating the claim that blockchain exists as a novel and foundational accounting technology. We do so by examining the central imaginaries associated with blockchain and investigating their incomplete crystallisations in the application of Bitcoin. This leads us to highlight three central features of blockchain accounting related to the changes in modes of organization, governance and trust, which we contextualize in relation to theoretical and empirical work. By doing so, we gain a nuanced understanding of the complex ways in which blockchain accounting and the processes and professional tasks commonly associated with accounting coexist and may interact.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Algorithm; Digitalization; Blockchain; Governance; Trust; Organization

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1080/09638180.2022.2147973

【Author】 Saari, Anniina Junnila, Seppo Vimpari, Jussi

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-房产领域

【Abstract】In recent years, blockchain technology has received increasing attention in the real estate literature. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that blockchains could provide some added benefits for the real estate sector even in the current hybrid settings, where blockchain is usually just an add-on to existing systems. This research provides an up-to-date and systematic understanding of blockchain's theoretical potential, pros, and cons for the real estate sector. The research aims to understand why and where to apply blockchain in real estate by conducting a systematic review that identified 296 relevant documents and performed a thematic content analysis. The identified blockchain adoption proposals were classified using standardized real estate vocabulary. Most of the literature focused on blockchain possibilities within land administration, followed by property transactions, real estate investment, leasing and renting, and real estate administration. However, real estate development and real estate maintenance did not appear as attractive real estate subsectors for blockchain. This paper provides a detailed analysis of blockchain technology's possibilities for each real estate subsector, i.e., blockchain merits, and discusses the pros and cons. Last, this review provides suggestions for future research directions.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; blockchain merits; digitalization; real estate; land administration; property transactions; real estate investment; leasing; tokenization; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/app122311940

【Author】 Lv, Zhihan Shang, Wen-Long Guizani, Mohsen

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】To promote the expansion and adoption of Digital Twins (DTs) in Smart Cities (SCs), a detailed review of the impact of DTs and digitalization on cities is made to assess the progression of cities and standardization of their management mode. Combined with the technical elements of DTs, the coupling effect of DTs technology and urban construction and the internal logic of DTs technology embedded in urban construction are discussed. Relevant literature covering the full range of DTs technologies and their applications is collected, evaluated, and collated, relevant studies are concatenated, and relevant accepted conclusions are summarized by modules. First, the historical process and construction content of a Digital City (DC) under modern demand are analyzed, and the main ideas of a DC design and construction are discussed in combination with the key technology of DTs. Then, the metaverse is the product of the combination of various technologies in different scenes. It is a key component to promote the integration of the real world and the digital world and can provide more advanced technical support in the construction of the DC. DTs urban technology architecture is composed of an infrastructure terminal information center terminal and application server end. Urban intelligent management is realized through physical urban data collection, transmission, processing, and digital urban visualization. The construction of DTs urban platform can improve the city's perception and decision-making ability and bring a broader vision for future planning and progression. The interactive experience of the virtual world covered by the metaverse can effectively support and promote the integration of the virtual and real, and will also greatly promote the construction of SCs. In summary, this work is of important reference value for the overall development and practical adoption of DTs cities, which improves the overall operation efficiency and the governance level of cities.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】digital twins; digital city; smart city; Internet of things; intelligent urban management

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-07

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.3390/app122412820