【Author】 Davies, Nathan Ferris, Simon

【Source】LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH

【影响因子】72.427

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】

【Author】 Lee, Yen-Sheng Vo, Ace Chapman, Thomas A.

【Source】FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS

【影响因子】9.848

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】In this research, we examine the maturity of Bitcoin by using structural break analysis to examine Bitcoin price. Our results reveal that the number of structural breaks of Bitcoin has remained the same at five. The Solidification phase started 8 months prior to the onset of the pandemic, signifying the small effect of the pandemic on Bitcoin price. During the pandemic, Bitcoin was more susceptible to underlying economic factors than to either COVID-related variables alone or to a combination of both factors. We conclude that Bitcoin has reached a certain level of maturity as an investment vehicle.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin; Structural break; Maturity; COVID-19 pandemic

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.frl.2022.103165

【Author】 Ghabri, Yosra Ben Rhouma, Oussama Gana, Marjene Guesmi, Khaled Benkraiem, Ramzi

【Source】INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

【影响因子】8.235

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】This paper investigates the directional causal relationship and information transmission among the returns of West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent, major cryptocurrencies, and stablecoins by drawing on daily data from July 2019 to July 2020. Applying effective transfer entropy, a non-parametric statistic, the results show that the direction of the causal relationship and the nature of information spillovers changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. More precisely, our findings reveal that WTI and Brent are leading the prices of Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash. Conversely, Bitcoin futures and stablecoins (TrueUSD and USD Coin) are leading WTI and Brent prices. In addition, the stablecoin Tether became a leader against Brent prices after the pandemic, although it is still following WTI prices. Moreover, Ethereum and USD coin preserved their position as leaders against Brent prices. Interestingly, our results also reveal that Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple preserved their position as leaders of WTI prices. The change in the nature of directional causality and the spillover effect after the COVID-19 crisis provide valuable information for practitioners, investors, and policymakers on how the ongoing pandemic influences the connection and network correlation among the energy, cryptocurrency, and stablecoin markets.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Information transmission; Effective transfer entropy; WTI; Brent; Cryptocurrencies; Stablecoins

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102197

【Author】 Song, Jie Zhang, Pengyi Alkubati, Mohammed Bao, Yubin Yu, Ge

【Source】DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

【影响因子】6.348

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】Due to the complexity of blockchain technology, it usually costs too much effort to build, maintain and monitor a blockchain system that supports a targeted application. To this end, the emerging "Blockchain as a Service" (BaaS) makes the blockchain and distributed ledgers more accessible, particularly for businesses, by reducing costs and overheads. BaaS combines the high computing power of cloud computing, the pervasiveness of IoT and the decentralization of blockchain, allowing people to build their own applications while ensuring the transparency and openness of the system. This paper surveys the research outputs of both academia and industry. First, it introduces the representative architectures of BaaS systems and then summarizes the research contributions of BaaS from the technologies for service provision, roles, container and virtualization, interfaces, customization and evaluation. The typical applications of BaaS in both academic and practical domains are also introduced. At present, the research on the blockchain is abundant, but research on BaaS is still in its infancy. Six challenges of BaaS are concluded in this paper for further study directions.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain as a service; Blockchain; Service; Internet of things; Cloud computing

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1016/j.dcan.2021.02.001

【Author】 Guo, Lingling Chen, Jingjing Li, Shihan Li, Yafei Lu, Jinzhi

【Source】DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

【影响因子】6.348

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】Supply Chain Finance (SCF) refers to the financial service in which banks rely on core enterprises to manage the capital flow and logistics of upstream and downstream enterprises. SCF adopts a self-testing and closed-loop credit model to control funds and risks. The key factor in a successful SCF service is the deployment of SCF businessoriented information systems that allow businesses to form partnerships efficiently and expedite cash flows throughout the supply chain. Blockchain Technology (BCT), featuring decentralization, tamper-proofing, traceability, which is usually paired with the Internet of Things (IoT) in real-world contexts, has been widely adopted in the field of finance and is perfectly positioned to facilitate innovative collaborations among participants in supply chain networks. In this paper, we propose a BCT and IoT-based information management framework (named BC4Regu), which works as the regulatory to improve the information transparency in the business process of SCF. With BC4Regu, the operation cost of the whole supply chain can be significantly reduced through the coordination and integration of capital flow, information flow, logistics and trade flow in the supply chain. The contributions in this paper include: (1) proposing a novel information management framework which leverages Blockchain and IoT to solve the problem of information asymmetry in the trade of SCF; (2) proposing the technical design of BC4Regu, including the Blockchain infrastructure, distributed ledger-based integrated data flow service, and reshaped SCF process; and (3) applying BC4Regu to a group of scenarios and conducting theoretical analysis by introducing the principal-agent model to validate the BC4Regu.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Supply chain finance; Information asymmetry; Information transparency; Internet of things

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1016/j.dcan.2022.03.020

【Author】 Mitra, Debarnab Tauz, Lev Dolecek, Lara

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS CCF-B

【影响因子】6.166

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-区块链安全

【Abstract】Light nodes in blockchains improve the scalability of the system by storing a small portion of the blockchain ledger. In certain blockchains, light nodes are vulnerable to a data availability (DA) attack where a malicious node makes the light nodes accept an invalid block by hiding the invalid portion of the block from the nodes in the system. Recently, a technique based on LDPC codes called Coded Merkle Tree (CMT) was proposed by Yu et al. that enables light nodes to detect a DA attack by randomly requesting/sampling portions of the block from the malicious node. However, light nodes fail to detect a DA attack with high probability if a malicious node hides a small stopping set of the LDPC code. To mitigate this problem, Yu et al. used random LDPC codes that achieve large minimum stopping set size with high probability. Although effective, these codes are not necessarily optimal for this application, especially at short code lengths, which are relevant for low latency systems, IoT blockchains, etc.. In this paper, we focus on short code lengths and demonstrate that a suitable co-design of specialized LDPC codes and the light node sampling strategy can improve the probability of detection of DA attacks. We consider different adversary models based on their computational capabilities of finding stopping sets in LDPC codes. For a weak adversary model, we devise a new LDPC code construction termed as the entropy-constrained PEG (EC-PEG) algorithm which concentrates stopping sets to a small group of variable nodes. We demonstrate that the EC-PEG algorithm coupled with a greedy sampling strategy improves the probability of detection of DA attacks. For stronger adversary models, we provide a co-design of a sampling strategy called linear-programming-sampling (LP-sampling) and an LDPC code construction called linear-programming-constrained PEG (LC-PEG) algorithm. The new co-design demonstrates a higher probability of detection of DA attacks compared to approaches in earlier literature.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Parity check codes; Blockchains; Integrated circuits; Decoding; Computational modeling; Reed-Solomon codes; Low latency communication; Blockchain systems; data availability attacks; LDPC codes; coded Merkle tree

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3194138

【Author】 Li, Qiude Yi, Wenlong Zhao, Xiaomin Yin, Hua Gerasimov, Igor

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】Traditional ring signature algorithms suffer from large signature data capacity and low speed of signature and verification during collective signing. In this work, we propose a representative ring signature algorithm based on smart contracts. By collecting the opinions of the signatory based on multiparty secure computation, the proposed technique protects the privacy of the signatory during the data interaction process in the consortium chain. Moreover, the proposed method uses smart contracts to organize the signature process and formulate a signature strategy of "one encryption per signature" to prevent signature forgery. It uses the Hyperledger Fabric framework as the signature test platform of the consortium chain to perform the experiments. We compare the results of the proposed method with the ECC ring signature scheme. The experimental results show that in the worst case, the signature volume of the proposed method decreases by more than two times, and the signature speed and verification speed increase by more than three times. Therefore, in the collective signature scenario of transaction verification in the consortium chain, the proposed method is verified to be innovative and practical.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】ring signature; multiparty secure computation; consortium chain; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22186805

【Author】 Chen, Chin-Ling Zhu, Zhi-Peng Zhou, Ming Tsaur, Woei-Jiunn Wu, Chih-Ming Sun, Hongyu

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-供应链

【Abstract】As society advances, so does the total number of vehicles on the road, creating a massive consumer market for automobiles. According to statistics, a major portion of today's traffic difficulties are caused by accidents caused by subpar cars and auto parts. As a result, each country has, over time, enacted equivalent rules and regulations to prevent such tragedies. However, in the face of profit, some people are desperate enough to employ illegal parts and illegally modified cars, and auto fraud is rampant. As a result, we employ the blockchain of the symmetrical Blockchain's digital ledger and smart contract technology to build a decentralized supply chain system that can identify specific parts. In this study, we design and discuss the proposed system framework by user functions and the flow of parts based on blockchain, and we discuss communication protocols that use the symmetry and asymmetry cryptography, algorithms, properties, and security of the mechanism while providing related analysis and comparing the properties and costs of the system with other studies. Overall, the proposed method has the potential to successfully address the issue of automobile fraud.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; smart contract; automation supply chain; traceability; asymmetry cryptography

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22186754

【Author】 Ibrahim, Rahmeh Fawaz Abu Al-Haija, Qasem Ahmad, Ashraf

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】The Internet of Things (IoT) has widely expanded due to its advantages in enhancing the business, industrial, and social ecosystems. Nevertheless, IoT infrastructure is susceptible to several cyber-attacks due to the endpoint devices' restrictions in computation, storage, and communication capacity. As such, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks pose a serious threat to the security of the IoT. Attackers can easily utilize IoT devices as part of botnets to launch DDoS attacks by taking advantage of their flaws. This paper proposes an Ethereum blockchain model to detect and prevent DDoS attacks against IoT systems. Additionally, the proposed system can be used to resolve the single points of failure (dependencies on third parties) and privacy and security in IoT systems. First, we propose implementing a decentralized platform in place of current centralized system solutions to prevent DDoS attacks on IoT devices at the application layer by authenticating and verifying these devices. Second, we suggest tracing and recording the IP address of malicious devices inside the blockchain to prevent them from connecting and communicating with the IoT networks. The system performance has been evaluated by performing 100 experiments to evaluate the time taken by the authentication process. The proposed system highlights two messages with a time of 0.012 ms: the first is the request transmitted from the IoT follower device to join the blockchain, and the second is the blockchain response. The experimental evaluation demonstrated the superiority of our system because there are fewer I/O operations in the proposed system than in other related works, and thus it runs substantially faster.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; Ethereum; smart contract; authorization; DDoS attacks; IoT

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22186806

【Author】 Yang, Jiemeng Zhou, Guangyou

【Source】PLOS ONE

【影响因子】3.752

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】This paper attempts to introduce central bank digital currency (CBDC) into the analysis framework of monetary policy, and studies the influence mechanism of e-CNY, central bank digital currency in China, on the monetary policy of the central bank from the aspects of money demand, money supply and monetary policy transmission mechanism. The research finds that e-CNY will have significant impact on monetary policy: (1) E-CNY will change the structure of money demand, speed up currency circulation, make central bank reserves more controllable and money supply more intelligent; (2) E-CNY will increase the volatility and expansion effect of currency multiplier to a certain extent; (3) E-CNY will dredge the transmission channel of monetary policy so as to improve the transmission effect of existing monetary policy tools. At the same time, based on the organic combination with structural monetary policy tools, it will achieve precise implementation of medium-term lending facilities (MLF), pledged supplementary lending (PSL), and it may bring new monetary policy tools. (4) E-CNY will make the intermediate target of monetary policy more controllable and reliable, and have a positive impact on the target of monetary policy through the smooth transmission of monetary policy channels. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on CBDC, give full play to the positive role of e-CNY in monetary policy, and improve the effectiveness of monetary policy.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1371/journal.pone.0268471

【Author】 Ryu, Jongseok Son, Seunghwan Lee, Joonyoung Park, Yohan Park, Youngho

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】During the COVID-19 pandemic, engagement in various remote activities such as online education and meetings has increased. However, since the conventional online environments typically provide simple streaming services using cameras and microphones, there have limitations in terms of physical expression and experiencing real-world activities such as cultural and economic activities. Recently, metaverse environments, three-dimensional virtual reality that use avatars, have attracted increasing attention as a means to solve these problems. Thus, many metaverse platforms such as Roblox, Minecraft, and Fortnite have been emerging to provide various services to users. However, such metaverse environments are potentially vulnerable to various security threats because the users and platform servers communicate through public channels. In addition, sensitive user data such as identity, password, and biometric information are managed by each platform server. In this paper, we design a system model that can guarantee secure communication and transparently manage user identification data in metaverse environments using blockchain technology. We also propose a mutual authentication scheme using biometric information and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to provide secure communication between users and platform servers and secure avatar interactions between avatars and avatars. To demonstrate the security of the proposed mutual authentication scheme, we perform informal security analysis, Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, Real-or-Random (ROR) model, and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA). In addition, we compare the computation costs, communication costs, and security features of the proposed scheme with existing schemes in similar environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has lower computation and communication costs and can provide a wider range of security features than existing schemes. Thus, our proposed scheme can be used to provide secure metaverse environments.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Metaverse; Avatars; Blockchains; Security; Authentication; Servers; Solid modeling; Cryptography; Metaverse; avatar; authentication; BAN logic; ROR model; AVISPA; blockchain; elliptic curve cryptography; biohashing

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3206457

【Author】 Imamura, Mitsuyoshi Omote, Kazumasa

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】Data availability is a security factor in a blockchain that is challenging to understand and explain because it cannot be described cryptographically or mathematically because of its behavior-dependent properties on the volunteers who maintain the distributed ledger in the network. Most previous approaches have frequently used successful projects with empirically effective availability, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, to analyze more active blockchain networks. Therefore, even if much of the Altcoin forked from Bitcoin had nodes in the network, contrary to intuition because they were unpopular and failed projects, they were not the focus of much attention in the analysis. However, it is interesting to note that both can maintain availability. Considering the network structure that supports availability, it is possible to investigate Altcoin's features as a minimal component because it is a failed project, whereas it is challenging to do so with Bitcoin and Ethereum because of their complex components. Thus, we specifically selected Altcoin in decline based on our user role model. We investigated the features of the network that maintain availability and the user structure underlying Altcoin, focusing on factors associated with continuity, such as initial node survivability, interest in software updates, and nodes with security risks. We discovered that compared with a stand-alone organization, the actions of early users and few community-friendly users provide greater availability. We also discuss the motivations of these users based on the cost of installing the nodes.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Bitcoin; Costs; Distributed ledger; Software development management; Codes; Behavioral sciences; Cryptocurrency; Blockchain; cryptocurrency; altcoin; availability

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3204697

【Author】 Maksymyuk, Taras Gazda, Juraj Bugar, Gabriel Gazda, Vladimir Liyanage, Madhusanka Dohler, Mischa

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】The future of networking will be driven by the current emerging trends of combining the physical and virtual realities in cyberspace. Considering the ambient pandemic challenges, the role of virtual and augmented reality will definitely grow over time by transforming into the paradigm of the Metaverse of Things, where each person, thing or other entity will simultaneously exist within multiple synchronized realities. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for future metaverse applications composed of multiple synchronized data flows from multiple operators through multiple wearable devices and with different quality requirements. A new service quality model is proposed based on a customizable utility function for each individual data flow. The proposed approach is based on dynamic fine-grained data flow allocation and service selection using non-fungible tokens, which can be traded over the blockchain among users and operators in a decentralized mobile network environment.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Metaverse; Synchronization; Quality of service; 5G mobile communication; Artificial intelligence; Market research; Wearable computers; Blockchains; Internet of Things; Blockchain; metaverse; the IoT; NFT; 5G; 6G

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3205739

【Author】 Pinto, Rui P. Silva, Bruno M. C. Inacio, Pedro R. M.

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】The advent of wireless technologies and the development of more and better globally connected mobile devices, leverage real time health monitoring. Mobile health (m-health) promise to deliver health services anytime and anywhere, improving user convenience and enabling faster diagnoses without the need to travel to healthcare facilities. The use of m-health applications on mobile devices with the support of cloud computing is nowadays a technology trend that has many advantages, but also poses several challenges, especially on the data storage and privacy. Blockchain technology is an exponentially growing technology used in various research areas from finance, voting mechanisms, production chains, among others. This technology provides important characteristics such as immutability, non-repudiation, transparency, and reducing the need for intermediaries. Hence, this paper presents a novel approach for blockchain technology applied to m-health systems. This proposal allows an easy and fast integration with other health systems or applications, allowing a patient-user to access their electronic health record in a more secure way. The data is traceable throughout the system, however, maintaining the necessary anonymity. Hence, a prototype for a blockchain-based solution using Hyperledger Fabric was developed. This implementation enables the creation of a chronologically organized and immutable health data record. To create an anonymous storage system, the proposed system uses two separate database components that maintain data traceability through sets of IDs stored in the blockchain. Furthermore, the development of the proposed system was evaluated in terms of performance and network configurations of the Hyperledger Fabric.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Medical services; Security; Mobile handsets; Monitoring; Real-time systems; Data privacy; Data processing; Medical information systems; Internet of Things; Electronic healthcare; Blockchain; traceability; data; electronic health record; Internet of Things; mobile health

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3203193

【Author】 Xue, Feng Chang, Kang Li, Wei Wang, Qin Zhao, Haitao Zhang, Hui Ni, Yiyang Xia, Wenchao

【Source】ENERGIES

【影响因子】3.252

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】In this paper, a blockchain-enabled energy trading method is proposed to deal with the inefficiency and security issues in energy trading for electric vehicles in smart grids. It includes the design of a smart contract and the excitation mechanism of energy sharing. The credit points of each vehicle as a node are considered in the design of the smart contract, which is used to supervise the process of energy trading. A strategy to estimate the credit points of each node and describe the excitation mechanism is illustrated. The connection between the credit points and the probability that a node would be accepted for energy trading has been established. To control the energy trading access, a double auction method is used to choose the part of the nodes participating in energy trading. Only selected nodes with winning bids can supply or request energy from the blockchain-based platform. Then it reaches the conclusion that the higher the credit points they have, the more trading initiative they would have during the energy transaction and transmission. The smart contract design and the excitation mechanism proposed in this paper would reward the vehicles that perform well and punish the beguiling vehicles for regulating the trading process.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】energy trading; electric vehicles; blockchain; incentive mechanism; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/en15186733

【Author】 Fan, Zhanling Chen, Chongcheng Huang, Hongyu

【Source】HERITAGE SCIENCE

【影响因子】2.843

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】Cultural heritage is closely linked with individual historical figures, who become a key focus for cultural tourism. Confucianism laid the foundation for much of Chinese civilization, and Confucius and Mencius have been studied extensively and have been influential in many parts of the world. Zhu Xi, the founder and master of Neo-Confucianism (an important part of the Mount Wuyi world cultural heritage), has received less research attention. With the big bang of the metaverse, research on the immersive cultural heritage digital documentation and information service for historical figures has become a new perspective. This paper presents a metaverse-based digital documentation framework for historical figures. This framework addresses the digitization of multimodal data for cultural heritage and adapts to the needs of metaverse presentations. For cultural research and cultural preservation, the paper has explored a combined contactless virtual and real cultural heritage experience system. For tourists, we intend to develop an immersive and holistic cultural tourism information service before, during and after the tour. In particular, we have also developed the Zhu Xi metaverse system. This is a step forward in the construction of a metaverse of historical figures.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Zhu Xi; Metaverse; Cultural heritage; Digital documentation; Virtual reality; Tourism service

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1186/s40494-022-00749-8

【Author】 Ray, Partha Pratim Skala, Karolj

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】Building a widely distributed hotspot network is a very tedious task due to its complexity. Providing security, fully distributed network services, and a cost-conscious impact are the major challenges behind this goal. To overcome these issues, we have presented a novel distributed hotspot network architecture with five layers that can provide large-scale hotspot coverage as an assimilated result. Our contributions to this new architecture highlight important aspects. First, scalability can be increased by including many Internet of Things (IoT) devices with sensors and Wi-Fi and/or LoraWAN connectivity modules. Second, hotspot owners can rent out their hotspots to create a distributed hotspot network in which the hotspots can act as an ordinary data gateway, a full-fledged hotspot miner, and a light-weight hotspot miner to earn crypto tokens as rewards for certain activities. Third, the advantages of Wi-Fi and LoraWAN can be seamlessly leveraged to achieve optimal coverage, higher network security, and suitable data transmission rate for transferring sensor data from IoT devices to remote application servers and users. Fourth, blockchain is used to enhance the decentralized behavior of the architecture that is presented here by providing immutability and independence from a centralized regulator and making the network architecture more reliable and transparent. The main feature of our paper is the use of the dew-computing paradigm along with hotspots to improve availability, Internet backhaul-agnostic network coverage, and synchronous update capability, and dew-aware leasing to strengthen and improve coverage. We also discuss the key challenges and future roadmap that require further investment and deployment.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】dew computing; Internet of Things; blockchain; hotspot network

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.3390/app12188963

【Author】 Xu, Haitao Wei, Wei Qi, Yong Qi, Saiyu

【Source】WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING CCF-C

【影响因子】2.146

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-众包领域

【Abstract】Recently, machine learning has become popular in various fields like healthcare, smart transportation, network, and big data. However, the labelled training dataset, which is one of the most core of machine learning, cannot meet the requirements of quantity, quality, and diversity due to the limitation of data sources. Crowdsourcing systems based on mobile computing seem to address the bottlenecks faced by machine learning due to their unique advantages; i.e., crowdsourcing can make professional and nonprofessional participate in the collection and annotation process, which can greatly improve the quantity of the training dataset. Additionally, distributed blockchain technology can be embedded into crowdsourcing systems to make it transparent, secure, traceable, and decentralized. Moreover, truth discovery algorithm can improve the accuracy of annotation. Reasonable incentive mechanism will attract many workers to provide plenty of dataset. In this paper, we review studies applying mobile crowdsourcing to training dataset collection and annotation. In addition, after reviewing researches on blockchain or incentive mechanism, we propose a new possible combination of machine learning and crowdsourcing systems.

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【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-10-01

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/7033626