【Author】 Sadowski, Jathan Beegle, Kaitlin

【Source】BIG DATA & SOCIETY

【影响因子】8.731

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】The self-proclaimed usurper of Web 2.0, Web3 quickly became the center of attention. Not long ago, the public discourse was saturated with projects, promises, and peculiarities of Web3. Now the spotlight has swung around to focus on the many faults, failures, and frauds of Web3. The cycles of technological trends and investment bubbles seem to be accelerating in such a way as to escape any attempt at observing them in motion before they crash, and then everybody moves on to the next thing. Importantly, Web3 was not an anomaly or curiosity in the broader tech industry. It articulates patterns that existed before Web3 and will exist after. Web3 should be understood as a case study of innovation within the dominant model of Silicon Valley venture capitalism. Our focus in this article is on understanding how the movement around Web3 formed through an interplay between (1) normative concepts and contestations related to ideas of "decentralization" and (2) political economic interests and operations related to the dynamics of fictitious capital. By offering a critical analysis of Web3, our goal is also to show how any even potentially progressive (or as we call them "expansive") forms of Web3 development struggle for success, recognition, and attention due to the wild excesses of hype and investment devoted to "extractive" forms of Web3. In the process, they provide us a better view of how different arrangements of technopolitics can exist at the same time, side-by-side, in complicated ways.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Web3; blockchain; decentralization; fictitious capital; venture capital; political economy

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1177/20539517231159629

【Author】 Delina, Laurence L.

【Source】ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE

【影响因子】8.514

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Decarbonisation efforts at the decentralised and distributed level, such as solar photovoltaic or wind installations with storage in homes or buildings, can be funded through digital fintech instruments via, for example, peer-to -peer trading in a blockchain ecosystem. This financial innovation melds the energy transition agenda with the digital economy, delivering what can be called "fintech RE." This paper explores this innovation by focusing on expert perceptions from Hong Kong, a global financial centre envisaging to become a hub for regional and in-ternational green finance. Interviews involving respondents from three divergent industries - energy, digital technology, and finance - solicited expert perceptions of the likely impacts of this emergent innovation on Hong Kong and their respective industries. While interview data suggest potential benefits of fintech RE - particularly in terms of new opportunities for citizen participation in energy transition via a decentralised energy market, new jobs, and contribution to decarbonisation, this innovation also presents a challenge to the territory's distinct electricity market arrangement, the spatial issues with scaling and speeding energy transition in a dense envi-ronment, and its attendant emission pitfalls.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Fintech; Digitalisation; Decarbonisation; Hong Kong; Green finance

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1016/j.erss.2023.102997

【Author】 Far, Saeed Banaeian Asaar, Maryam Rajabzadeh Haghbin, Afrooz

【Source】COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

【影响因子】7.180

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】The multi-level marketing (MLM) model allows customers to have numerous sub-groups and be rewarded based on subgroups' activities. The ever-increasing large-scale transactions tempt individuals, hackers, and company owners, to commit fraud. However, no MLM-based market has been introduced that can provide privacy protection and conditional privacy. Transparency and immutability can help prevent fraud in these markets. Blockchain technology is a distributed database that supports the two mentioned features. This study presents a blockchain-based framework for MLM-based markets called "blockchain-based multi-level marketing"(BB-MLM). This framework is designed to allow registered users (i) to have conditional privacy, (ii) purchase anonymously, (iii) have untraceable accounts, and (iv) update their private information locally. Despite the privacy mentioned earlier, policies, and regulatory policies, including Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML), are supported in the BB-MLM framework.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Anonymous customer; Anonymous marketer; Anonymous retailer; Conditional privacy; Multi-level marketing

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1016/j.cie.2023.109095

【Author】 He, Jiahao Zhang, Guangyuan Zhang, Jiheng Zhang, Rachel Q.

【Source】M&SOM-MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT FT50 UTD24

【影响因子】7.103

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Problem definition: A blockchain payment system, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, validates electronic transactions and stores them in a chain of blocks without a central authority. Miners with computing power compete for the rights to create blocks according to a preset protocol, referred to as hashing or mining, and, in return, earn fees paid by users who submit transactions. Because of security concerns caused by decentralization, a transaction is confirmed after a number of additional blocks are subsequently extended to the block containing it. This confirmation latency introduces an intricate interplay between miners and users. This paper provides approximate system equilibria and studies optimal designs of a blockchain. Methodology/results: The hashing process is essentially a singleserver queue with batch services based on a fee-based priority discipline, and confirmation latency adds complexity to the equilibrium behavior and optimal design. We analyze how miners' participation decisions interact with users' participation and fee decisions and identify optimal designs when the goal is to maximize the throughput or social welfare. We validate our model and conduct numerical studies using data from Bitcoin. Managerial implications: By incorporating security issues, we uncover the interdependence of the decisions between users and miners and the driver for nonzero entrance fees in practice. We show that miners and users may end up in either a vicious or virtuous cycle, depending on the initial system state. By allowing the entrance fee to be a design parameter, we are able to establish that it is optimal to simply run a blockchain system at its full capacity and a block size as small as possible.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】service operations; queueing theory; game theory

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1287/msom.2023.1197

【Author】 Rehan, Muhammad Javed, Abdul Rehman Kryvinska, Natalia Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Srivastava, Gautam Jalil, Zunera

【Source】HUMAN-CENTRIC COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCES

【影响因子】6.558

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Supply chain management (SCM) plays a pivotal role in the industrial life cycle. On-time delivery is necessary for a successful SCM system. To maintain a safe and secure supply of products, mode of transportation and management is equally important. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) eases tracking and tracing of supplies using sensor devices and 5G during the supply chain process. Cold chain and ecologically sensitive products such as vaccines, medical supplies, and food items require a specific temperature to maintain the supplies' genuineness and actuality. A blockchain-based platform (Ethereum) is being used for SCM nowadays. However, it has certain limitations, such as low transaction speed, the requirement for more computation power, and vulnerability to cyberattacks. This research proposes a solution to these problems using a novel approach, named SCMIIOT (supply chain management using industrial Internet of Things). The proposed approach maintains traceability, security, data integrity, transparency, and achieves fast transaction speed. The distributed database system is used to store and transfer transaction ledgers for SCM. In this research, IBM Watson IoT is used as an Internet of Things (IoT) device for input temperature, and the Kubernetes cluster is used as a platform for deploying Hyperledger Fabric. Docker Hub and Hyperledger composer playground provide business network connection for importers, suppliers, retailers, manufacturers, and consumers/end-users. We also demonstrate the working and effectiveness of SCMIIOT through experiments. Results show that SCMIIOT takes only 1 minute to copy local files to storage on the cloud and takes 1 minute to create a genesis block. Similarly, it takes 1 minute for a peer-to-peer connection. Also, the worst-case time complexity of SCMIIOT transaction speed is recorded as 48 seconds on the Watson IoT platform.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Supply Chain Management; Blockchain; Industrial Internet of Things; Internet of Things

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.22967/HCIS.2023.13.004

【Author】 Bartolotta, Sabrina Gaggioli, Andrea Riva, Giuseppe

【Source】CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING

【影响因子】6.135

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1089/cyber.2023.29268.ceu

【Author】 Malik, Hassaan Anees, Tayyaba Naeem, Ahmad Naqvi, Rizwan Ali Loh, Woong-Kee

【Source】BIOENGINEERING-BASEL

【影响因子】5.046

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Due to the rapid rate of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination, a conversant and effective strategy must be employed to isolate COVID-19. When it comes to determining the identity of COVID-19, one of the most significant obstacles that researchers must overcome is the rapid propagation of the virus, in addition to the dearth of trustworthy testing models. This problem continues to be the most difficult one for clinicians to deal with. The use of AI in image processing has made the formerly insurmountable challenge of finding COVID-19 situations more manageable. In the real world, there is a problem that has to be handled about the difficulties of sharing data between hospitals while still honoring the privacy concerns of the organizations. When training a global deep learning (DL) model, it is crucial to handle fundamental concerns such as user privacy and collaborative model development. For this study, a novel framework is designed that compiles information from five different databases (several hospitals) and edifies a global model using blockchain-based federated learning (FL). The data is validated through the use of blockchain technology (BCT), and FL trains the model on a global scale while maintaining the secrecy of the organizations. The proposed framework is divided into three parts. First, we provide a method of data normalization that can handle the diversity of data collected from five different sources using several computed tomography (CT) scanners. Second, to categorize COVID-19 patients, we ensemble the capsule network (CapsNet) with incremental extreme learning machines (IELMs). Thirdly, we provide a strategy for interactively training a global model using BCT and FL while maintaining anonymity. Extensive tests employing chest CT scans and a comparison of the classification performance of the proposed model to that of five DL algorithms for predicting COVID-19, while protecting the privacy of the data for a variety of users, were undertaken. Our findings indicate improved effectiveness in identifying COVID-19 patients and achieved an accuracy of 98.99%. Thus, our model provides substantial aid to medical practitioners in their diagnosis of COVID-19.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】data privacy; COVID-19; blockchain; federated learning; deep learning; CT scans

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/bioengineering10020203

【Author】 Chan, Hing Kai Guo, Min Zeng, Fangli Chen, Ying Xiao, Tian Griffin, James

【Source】ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

【影响因子】4.407

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】3D printing (3DP) has enjoyed rapid growth yet has also prompted ethical and social concerns. For example, the ability to print unethical objects and intellectual property (IP) infringement. This paper follows the dual-cycle information system design model and implements a multi-method to propose a blockchain-enabled digital platform solution to protect 3DP digital assets' IP. It combines the advantages of patented watermarking technology and blockchain technology, including encryption, authentication, and transaction services of 3DP designs according to users' needs. The platform may help promote the standardised development of the 3DP industry and the international digital assets' IP protection process.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】3D printing; intellectual property rights; blockchain; conceptual platform framework

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1080/17517575.2023.2180776

【Author】 Salikhov, Jasur Hayrutdinov, Saidjahon Muminov, Timur K.

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】The objective of this study is to establish an efficient contractual coordination model for advancing the supply chain (SC) towards sustainability with blockchain technology. The problem of SC unsold product remanufacturing is investigated under the influence of efforts on recovery quality and information sharing within blockchain technology. Firstly, a functional model describes how the recovery quality affected by the added effort and demand of the remanufactured products is affected by the price. Secondly, the downstream SC faced market uncertainty with consumer sensitivity analyzed, and the SC information-sharing systems were reconsidered in order to improve consumer satisfaction. Then, under the conditions of information sharing and recovery quality efforts, the decentralized SC decision-making mode is discussed. The above demonstrates that the SC unsold products remanufacturing under the decentralized decision-making mode cannot be coordinated. To prove the efficiency of unsold products remanufacturing we investigated the centralized SC mode as a benchmark, which is known as the most efficient system. Finally, in order to effectively coordinate the whole chain, a mechanism of "cost and revenue sharing" is proposed, and the constraints of supplier's choice of remanufacturing are given. The results show that the "cost and revenue sharing" mechanism can effectively coordinate the SC and the expected profits of downstream and upstream will be in win-win condition. Moreover, the "cost and revenue sharing" mechanism in a sustainable SC unsold product remanufacturing essentially builds an incentive among members to improve the efficiency of existing resource usage and the environmental implications.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】closed-loop supply chain; contractual coordination; remanufacturing; recovery quality; blockchain technology

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/su15053929

【Author】 Ma, De-Qing Wang, Xiao-Qing Wang, Xue Hu, Jin-Song

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】In order to solve the problem of false recycling, where the real recycling volume does not match the theoretical one, blockchain is widely used in practice due to its characteristics of transparency, traceability, and tamper resistance. To study its value in academics, this paper focuses on a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) consisting of a manufacturer and an online platform. This paper discusses the implementation conditions of blockchain, the impact on enterprise decision making, and manufacturer recycling channel selection, and the triple benefits of economy, environment, and society in the CLSC with blockchain empowerment are achieved. Because of the nontransparency of the supply chain, the problem of false recycling is always present. To further solve the problem of false recycling, the recycler decides whether to implement blockchain or not. Through analysis and numerical examples, it is concluded that the greater the difference between real and theoretical recycling volumes, the greater the need for blockchain implementation. At the same time, three major effects of blockchain implementation are defined as decision incentive effect, marketing leverage effect, and incentive alignment effect, which reveal the impact of blockchain on increasing the motivation of CLSC members to make efforts, expanding the market size by improving brand goodwill, and avoiding the inconsistency between the manufacturer and the platform in the preference of the recycling channel. In addition, under blockchain empowerment, a cost range of blockchain implementation is defined, where both the manufacturer and the platform are better off, as well as the optimal recycling channel, which achieves the triple benefits of the CLSC.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】recycling channel selection; blockchain; online platform; closed-loop supply chain

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/su15053921

【Author】 Sahoo, P. S. Biswa Bhusan Thakur, Vikas

【Source】JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & INDUSTRIAL MARKETING

【影响因子】3.319

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】PurposeTo stabilise the financial flow and ensure the smooth operations of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), supply chain finance (SCF) is one of the efficient alternative solutions suggested by various researchers and practitioners. The application of blockchain technology (BT) could maximize the capability and performance of the SCF throughout the supply chain. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyse the factors of implementing BT-embedded SCF solutions for Indian MSMEs. Design/methodology/approachThe total interpretative structural modeling (TISM) methodology is applied to explore the hierarchical as well as non-hierarchical relationships among the factors of implementing BT-embedded SCF solutions in Indian MSMEs. Thereafter, the fuzzy-cross-impact matrix-multiplication (F-MICMAC) approach is opted to classify all the factors into four groups depending upon their driving and dependence powers in the overall TISM hierarchy. FindingsThe result of this study revealed that "real-time exchange of information" and "transparent platform" are the most influential factors and play important role in the application of blockchain in SCF in Indian MSMEs. The real-time exchange of information ensures the easy and quick access to data by any partner across the supply chain and, also the data and information remain secure. Practical implicationsThe findings of this study help the MSMEs and supply chain managers to implement the blockchain-embedded solutions to overcome the traditional SCF challenges and obstructions by setting up short-term as well as long-term policies and will open the door for future research work. Originality/valueTo the best of the author's/authors' knowledge, this study is the first of its kind, where the data is collected from field experts to identify the factors influencing the blockchain-embedded SCF adoption in Indian MSMEs' perspectives, to tackle the flaws of SCF and strengthen the MSMEs.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Supply chain finance; Blockchain technology; MSMEs; Total interpretative structural modelling; MICMAC

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1108/JBIM-06-2022-0264

【Author】 Blumberg, George Sibilla, Maurizio

【Source】ENERGIES

【影响因子】3.252

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Atmospheric carbon dioxide emanating from activities associated with the construction of buildings in the UK contributes approximately 16% of the uk's total emissions and will need to be reduced significantly to meet international agreements. Against this scenario, this paper presents a novel perspective for carbon accounting and trading that proposes the use of a platform for the uk construction industry as a possible solution. This suggestion assumes that taxation should be synchronised with phases of the entire life cycle of the building and that tax credits (or deficits) should remain an asset of the building itself. In this regard, a strategy is in place in the uk, but with gaps in how it will be implemented. To resolve these gaps, firstly, this paper explores and integrates three socio-technical components (i.e., carbon accounting, trading, and certification) that form an essential set of tools required for the management of taxes directed at property developers and construction companies. Then, it points out the need for a suite of computer-based systems to facilitate the recording of emissions information, the purchase of carbon offsets, and a way to access specialist financial services. As a result, a trading platform is conceptualised that makes use of blockchain technology as a foundation for future research.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】carbon accounting; carbon taxation; life-cycle analysis; blockchain; decentralized finance (defi)

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/en16041566

【Author】 Guru, Abhishek Mohanta, Bhabendu Kumar Mohapatra, Hitesh Al-Turjman, Fadi Altrjman, Chadi Yadav, Arvind

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】In the current era, blockchain has approximately 30 consensus algorithms. This architecturally distributed database stores data in an encrypted form with multiple checks, including elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) and Merkle hash tree. Additionally, many researchers aim to implement a public key infrastructure (PKI) cryptography mechanism to boost the security of blockchain-based data management. However, the issue is that many of these are required for advanced cryptographic protocols. For all consensus protocols, security features are required to be discussed because these consensus algorithms have recently been attacked by address resolution protocols (ARP), distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), and sharding attacks in a permission-less blockchain. The existence of a byzantine adversary is perilous, and is involved in these ongoing attacks. Considering the above issues, we conducted an informative survey based on the consensus protocol attack on blockchain through the latest published article from IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, ACM, Willy, Hindawi, and other publishers. We incorporate various methods involved in blockchain. Our main intention is to gain clarity from earlier published articles to elaborate numerous key methods in terms of a survey article.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】consensus protocols; ARP spoofing attack; DDoS; sharding attack; ECDSA

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/app13042604

【Author】 Choi, Nakhoon Kim, Heeyoul

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】With the spread of mobile devices and the improvement of the mobile service environment, the use of various Internet content providers (ICPs), including content services such as YouTube and video hosting services, has increased significantly. Video content shared in ICP is used for information delivery and issue checking based on accessibility. However, if the content registered and shared in ICP is manipulated through deepfakes and maliciously distributed to cause political attacks or social problems, it can cause a very large negative effect. This study aims to propose a deepfake detection system that detects manipulated video content distributed in video hosting services while ensuring the transparency and objectivity of the detection subject. The detection method of the proposed system is configured through a blockchain and is not dependent on a single ICP, establishing a cooperative system among multiple ICPs and achieving consensus for the common purpose of deepfake detection. In the proposed system, the deep-learning model for detecting deepfakes is independently driven by each ICP, and the results are ensembled through integrated voting. Furthermore, this study proposes a method to supplement the objectivity of integrated voting and the neutrality of the deep-learning model by ensembling collective intelligence-based voting through the participation of ICP users in the integrated voting process and ensuring high accuracy at the same time. Through the proposed system, the accuracy of the deep-learning model is supplemented by utilizing collective intelligence in the blockchain environment, and the creation of a consortium contract environment for common goals between companies with conflicting interests is illuminated.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; deepfake detection; collective intelligence; Hyperledger Fabric

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/app13042122

【Author】 Singh, Dilbag Monga, Suhasini Tanwar, Sudeep Hong, Wei-Chiang Sharma, Ravi He, Yi-Lin

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Blockchain technology was bestowed through bitcoin; research has continuously stretched out its applications in different sectors, proving blockchain as a versatile technology expanded in non-financial use cases. In the healthcare industry, blockchain is relied upon to have critical effects. Although exploration here is generally new yet developing quickly, along these lines, researchers in computer science, healthcare information technology, and professionals are continually geared to stay up with research progress. The study presents an exhaustive study on blockchain as a technology in depth from all possible perspectives and its adoption in the healthcare sector. A mapping study has been conducted to search different scientific databases to identify the existing challenges in healthcare management systems and to analyze the existing blockchain-based healthcare applications. Though blockchain has inherent highlights, such as distributed ledger, encryption, consensus, and immutability, blockchain adoption in healthcare has challenges. This paper also provides insights into the research challenges in blockchain and proposes solution taxonomy through comparative analysis.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; healthcare; electronic health records (EHR); consensus; decentralized applications; healthcare management systems (HMS)

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/app13042380

【Author】 Fu, Xiuhua Peng, Rongqun Yuan, Wenhao Ding, Tian Zhang, Zhe Yu, Peng Kadoch, Michel

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】Resource management is a key issue that needs to be addressed in the future smart Internet of Things (IoT). This paper focuses on a Federated Learning (FL)-based resource management mechanism in IoT. It incorporates blockchain technology to guarantee the security of the FL model parameters exchange. We propose an IoT resource management framework incorporating blockchain and federated learning technologies; then, a specific FL-based resource management with a blockchain trust assurance algorithm is given. We use a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to detect malicious nodes in order to avoid the impact on the performance of the FL-based algorithm. Finally, we perform simulation to verify the SVM classification effect and the proposed algorithm performance. The results show that the SVM-based malicious node identification accuracy can be acceptable. Moreover, the proposed algorithm obtains better performance when malicious nodes are excluded from the FL selected participant.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Internet of Things (IoT); federated learning (FL); blockchain; resource management; malicious nodes

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics12041034

【Author】 Zhang, Yonghao Wu, Yongtang Li, Tao Zhou, Hui Chen, Yuling

【Source】CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES

【影响因子】2.027

【主题类别】

--

【Abstract】The data in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) contains tremendous market value, and data sharing can maximize the usefulness of the data. However, certain data is quite sensitive, and sharing it directly may violate privacy. Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is a secure distributed machine learning framework that completes joint model training by passing encrypted model parameters rather than raw data, so there is no data privacy leakage during the training process. Therefore, the VFL can build a bridge between data demander and owner to realize data sharing while protecting data privacy. Typically, the VFL requires a third party for key distribution and decryption of training results. In this article, we employ the consortium blockchain instead of the traditional third party and design a VFL architecture based on the consortium blockchain for data sharing in MEC. More specifically, we propose a V-Raft consensus algorithm based on Verifiable Random Functions (VRFs), which is a variant of the Raft. The V Raft is able to elect leader quickly and stably to assist data demander and owner to complete data sharing by VFL. Moreover, we apply secret sharing to distribute the private key to avoid the situation where the training result cannot be decrypted if the leader crashes. Finally, we analyzed the performance of the V-Raft and carried out simulation experiments, and the results show that compared with Raft, the V-Raft has higher efficiency and better scalability.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Mobile edge computing; vertical federated learning; consortium blockchain; consensus algorithm

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.32604/cmes.2023.026920

【Author】 Yang, Yeh-Cheng Shieh, Wen-Sheng Lin, Chun-Yueh

【Source】AXIOMS

【影响因子】1.824

【主题类别】

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【Abstract】The crypto and digital assets ecosystems have attracted investment, regulators, and speculators to their environment. As the blockchain-based framework can reduce transaction costs, generate distributed trust, and enable decentralized platforms, it has become a potential new base for decentralized business models. Previous studies have highlighted the advantages and drawbacks of each platform, such as interest rates, cost concerns, transparency issues, hacking issues, and hazards. Consequently, it is challenging for investors to evaluate the cryptocurrency trading system which determines the optimum exchanges and crucial aspects. Therefore, in order to rank the optimal digital token trading system, this paper develops an evaluation architecture to determine the various token trading systems. The developed architecture integrates fuzzy theory and the best-worst method (BWM) into the decision-making process to assess decision behaviors regarding preference for digital token trading systems in investors in Taiwan. First, this work establishes the views and parameters by modifying the Delphi method based on a literature review and survey. Second, the fuzzy-BWM is applied to obtain the fuzzy weights of the views and parameters. Then, defuzzification and BWM are used to rank the optimal alternatives of the digital token trading systems for investors. The results indicate that the optimal digital token trading system is the decentralized platform, and the critical parameters are gas fees, interest rates, and the mechanism of savings under fuzzy uncertain scenarios. This means that when considering the uncertain and ambiguous characteristics of the expert decision process in digital token trading systems, the evaluation is decentralized and the gas fees are the most important parameter in the digital token investment platform. Academically, the fuzzy BWM-based decision-making architecture can provide corporations and investors with valuable guidance to rank the optimal digital token trading systems based on fuzzy uncertain scenarios. Commercially, the proposed architecture could provide corporations and investors with a useful model to measure the optimal digital token trading system.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cryptocurrency trading system; fuzzy sets; modified Delphi method; best-worst method (BWM); fuzzy best-worst method (FBWM); blockchain

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.3390/axioms12020209

【Author】 Jiang, Minghan Xia, Yufei

【Source】APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS

【影响因子】1.287

【主题类别】

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【Abstract】Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have experienced wild market fluctuation during the past years, which leads to the high volatility of NFT's daily price. This paper examines two potential volatility drivers of NFTs: macroeconomic fundamentals and investor attention. We employ the global and local economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices as the economic fundamentals' proxies. The investor attention is represented by the Google search volumes (GSV) or NFTs attention index. Based on the empirical results of a modified generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity -mixed-data sampling (G-M) model, we find that either economic fundamentals or investor attention can increase the volatility of NFTs significantly. The monthly global EPU index adjusted by the current GDP and weekly GSV contain complementary information. Macroeconomic fundamentals and investor attention can jointly model the volatility of NFTs better than considering only one explanatory variable, as suggested by the G-M model with two explanatory variables. The results remain robust to alternative Twitter-based EPU indices and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic period.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Non-fungible token; volatility; macroeconomic fundamentals; investor attention; generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-mixed-data sampling model

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2023-03-20

【文献类型】

【DOI】 10.1080/13504851.2023.2187034