【Author】
Wang, Xixi; Guan, Yepeng
【Abstract】A blockchain has been applied in many areas, such as cryptocurrency, smart cities and digital finance. The consensus protocol is the core part of the blockchain network, which addresses the problem of transaction consistency among the involved participants. However, the scalability, efficiency and security of the consensus protocol are greatly restricted with the increasing number of nodes. A Hierarchy Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus protocol (HBFT) based on node reputation has been proposed. The two-layer hierarchy structure is designed to improve the scalability by assigning nodes to different layers. Each node only needs to exchange messages within its group, which deducts the communication complexity between nodes. Specifically, a reputation model is proposed to distinguish normal nodes from malicious ones by a punish and reward mechanism. It is applied to ensure that the malicious node merely existing in the bottom layer and the communication complexity in the high layer can be further lowered. Finally, a random selection mechanism is applied in the selection of the leader node. The mechanism can ensure the security of the blockchain network with the characteristics of unpredictability and randomicity. Some experimental results demonstrated that the proposed consensus protocol has excellent performance in comparison to some state-of-the-art models.
【Keywords】consensus protocol; reputation model; hierarchy structure; random selection mechanism
【摘要】区块链已应用于许多领域，例如加密货币、智慧城市和数字金融。共识协议是区块链网络的核心部分，解决了参与方之间的交易一致性问题。然而，随着节点数量的增加，共识协议的可扩展性、效率和安全性受到很大限制。已经提出了一种基于节点信誉的分层拜占庭容错共识协议（HBFT）。两层层次结构旨在通过将节点分配给不同的层来提高可伸缩性。每个节点只需要在其组内交换消息，这扣除了节点之间的通信复杂度。具体来说，提出了一种信誉模型，通过惩罚和奖励机制来区分正常节点和恶意节点。用于保证恶意节点仅存在于底层，进一步降低高层的通信复杂度。最后，在领导节点的选择中应用了随机选择机制。该机制可以保证区块链网络的安全性，具有不可预测性和随机性的特点。一些实验结果表明，与一些最先进的模型相比，所提出的共识协议具有出色的性能。
【关键词】共识协议；声誉模型；层次结构；随机选择机制
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