【Author】
Merrad, Yacine; Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi; Elsheikh, Elfatih A. A.; Suliman, Fakher Eldin M.; Islam, Md Rafiqul; Gunawan, Teddy Surya; Mesri, Mokhtaria
【Abstract】Consensus protocols stand behind the success of blockchain technology. This is because parties that distrust each other can make secure transactions without the oversight of a central authority. The first consensus protocol emerged with Bitcoin. Since then, many others have appeared. Some of them have been implemented by official blockchain platforms, whereas others, for the time being, remain as proposals. A blockchain consensus is a trade-off. The new solutions promise to overcome the known drawbacks of blockchain, but they may also bring new vulnerabilities. Moreover, blockchain performance metrics are not clearly defined, as some metrics, such as delay and throughput, which are key factors for the efficiency of standard networks, are purposely constrained by most mainstream blockchain platforms. The main body of this paper consolidates knowledge of blockchains, focusing on the seminal consensus protocols in large-scale market capitalization platforms, and how consensus is achieved for large-scale, decentralized, blockchain architectures. The benefits, limitations, and tradeoffs, as well as the subsequent trend in current consensus development, and its limitations as a general paradigm, are highlighted. The paper also sheds light on overlooked potential performance metrics, and it proposes some novel solutions to some of the identified problems.
【Keywords】blockchain; consensus; decentralization; performance metrics; tradeoffs; proposals
【标题】区块链：共识算法关键性能指标、权衡取舍、当前趋势、常见缺点和新的解决方案建议
【摘要】共识协议支持区块链技术的成功。这是因为相互不信任的各方可以在没有中央机构监督的情况下进行安全交易。比特币出现了第一个共识协议。从那时起，许多其他人出现了。其中一些已由官方区块链平台实施，而其他一些暂时仍作为提案。区块链共识是一种权衡。新的解决方案有望克服区块链的已知缺点，但它们也可能带来新的漏洞。此外，区块链性能指标没有明确定义，因为一些指标，例如延迟和吞吐量，是标准网络效率的关键因素，受到大多数主流区块链平台的有意限制。本文的主体巩固了区块链知识，重点关注大规模市值平台中的开创性共识协议，以及如何为大规模、去中心化的区块链架构达成共识。强调了当前共识发展的好处、局限性和权衡，以及随后的趋势，以及它作为一般范式的局限性。该论文还阐明了被忽视的潜在性能指标，并为一些已识别的问题提出了一些新颖的解决方案。
【关键词】区块链；共识;权力下放；性能指标;权衡；提案
评论