【Author】
Lin, Shaochen; Liu, Xuyang; Ma, Xiujuan; Mao, Hongliang; Zhang, Zijian; Khan, Salabat; Zhu, Liehuang
【Source】ELECTRONIC RESEARCH ARCHIVE
【Abstract】Nakamoto consensus is prevailing in the world largest blockchain-based cryptocurrency systems, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Since then, various attempts have been studied to attack Nakamoto consensus worldwide. In recent years, network delay has won more attention for making inconsistent ledgers in blockchain-based applications by virtue of attacking Nakamoto consensus. However, so far as we know, most of the existing works mainly focus on constructing inconsistent ledgers for blockchain systems, but not offering fine-grained theoretical analysis for how to optimize the success probability by flexibly dividing computational power and network delay from the viewpoint of adversary. The paper first utilizes network delay and the partition of controlled computation power of honest miners for making forks as long as possible. Then, formally analysis is provided to show the success probability of the proposed attack, and compute the optimal network delay and splitting for adversarial computation power in theory. Finally, simulation experiments validate the correctness of the formal analysis.
【Keywords】network delay; Nakamoto consensus; blockchain
【摘要】中本聪共识在世界最大的基于区块链的加密货币系统，如比特币和以太坊中盛行。从那时起，全世界都在研究攻击中本共识的各种尝试。近年来，网络延迟在基于区块链的应用中，凭借攻击中本共识而使账本不一致，赢得了更多关注。然而，据我们所知，现有的大部分工作主要集中在为区块链系统构建不一致的账本，但没有从对手的角度对如何通过灵活划分计算能力和网络延迟来优化成功概率提供精细的理论分析。本文首先利用网络延迟和诚实矿工的可控计算能力的划分，使分叉的时间尽可能长。然后，从形式上分析了所提出的攻击的成功概率，并从理论上计算了最佳网络延迟和对手计算能力的分割。最后，模拟实验验证了形式分析的正确性。
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