【Author】
Wen, Xiaojun; Chen, Yongzhi; Zhang, Wei; Jiang, Zoe L.; Fang, Junbin
【Abstract】The consensus mechanism is the core secret of the blockchain network. However, the consensus mechanism of the classical blockchain is based on the classical cryptosystem, which is based on the problem of computational complexity. With the improvement of computing power, the security of this cryptosystem is being threatened. In addition, the consensus mechanism of classic blockchain also has the following disadvantages: serious waste of computing resources and energy; the inability to withstand a 51% attack; low system throughput and large delay. Based on quantum teleportation technology and the randomness of quantum measurement, a consensus mechanism for a quantum blockchain system is proposed. Based on the physical properties of quantum mechanics, this scheme has the unconditional security of quantum cryptography. This new consensus mechanism does not involve a great deal of computing resources and hence has a lower energy consumption, shorter time delay and higher throughput. Furthermore, the new consensus mechanism could withstand a 51% attack.
【Keywords】blockchain; consensus mechanism; quantum teleportation; quantum measurement
【摘要】共识机制是区块链网络的核心秘密。然而，经典区块链的共识机制是基于经典密码系统的，而经典密码系统是基于计算复杂性问题的。随着计算能力的提高，这种密码系统的安全性正在受到威胁。此外，经典区块链的共识机制还存在以下缺点：严重浪费计算资源和能源；无法抵御51%的攻击；系统吞吐量低，延迟大。基于量子传送技术和量子测量的随机性，提出了一种量子区块链系统的共识机制。基于量子力学的物理特性，该方案具有量子密码学的无条件安全性。这种新的共识机制不涉及大量的计算资源，因此具有较低的能源消耗，较短的时间延迟和较高的吞吐量。此外，新的共识机制可以抵御51%的攻击。
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