【Author】
Jiao, Zhenzhen; Tian, Rui; Shang, Dezhong; Ding, Hui; Zhang, Baoxian; Li, Cheng
【Abstract】How to simultaneously achieve high security level, good scalability, and full decentralization is still a big issue in the design of a blockchain system. In this article, we propose Bicomp, a bilayer, scalable Nakamoto consensus protocol that is based purely on decentralized Nakamoto consensus. Bicomp works to generate two types of blocks - microblocks for concurrent in-network transaction serialization and macroblocks for chain formation. A leader is elected at the beginning of each round through Proof of Work-based computation; it puts microblocks mined by different nodes into one macroblock at the end of its tenure. Such bilayer design limits a leader's power and encourages as many nodes as possible to concurrently participate in the transaction serialization process, promoting the sharding nature of the system. Furthermore, several mechanisms are elaborately designed to reduce the transaction overlapping and further limit a leader's power, including a novel transaction diversity-based metric for deciding the branch legality. Security issues and potential attacks to Bicomp are extensively discussed. Experimental results based on 500 nodes all over the world show that Bicomp achieves high throughput performance.
【Keywords】Measurement; Leadership; Voting; Scalability; Throughput; Consensus protocol; Security
【摘要】如何同时实现高安全级别、良好的可扩展性和完全去中心化，仍然是区块链系统设计中的一个大问题。在这篇文章中，我们提出了Bicomp，一个纯粹基于去中心化的中本聪共识的双层、可扩展的中本聪共识协议。Bicomp的工作是生成两种类型的区块--用于并发网络内交易序列化的微区块和用于形成链的宏区块。在每一轮开始时，通过基于工作证明的计算选出一个领导者；在其任期结束时，它将不同节点开采的微块放入一个宏块。这种双层设计限制了领导者的权力，并鼓励尽可能多的节点同时参与交易序列化过程，促进系统的分片性质。此外，还精心设计了几个机制，以减少交易重叠，进一步限制领导者的权力，包括一个新颖的基于交易多样性的指标来决定分支的合法性。对Bicomp的安全问题和潜在攻击进行了广泛的讨论。基于世界各地500个节点的实验结果表明，Bicomp实现了高吞吐量性能。
评论