【Author】
Lasla, Noureddine; Al-Sahan, Lina; Abdallah, Mohamed; Younis, Mohamed
【Source】COMPUTER NETWORKS
【Abstract】This paper opts to mitigate the energy-inefficiency of the Blockchain Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm by rationally repurposing the power spent during the mining process. The original PoW mining scheme is designed to consider one block at a time and assign a reward to the first place winner of a computation race. To reduce the mining-related energy consumption, we propose to compensate the computation effort of the runner(s)-up of a mining round, by granting them exclusivity of solving the upcoming block in the next round. This will considerably reduce the number of competing nodes in the next round and consequently, the consumed energy. Our proposed scheme divides time into epochs, where each comprises two mining rounds; in the first one, all network nodes can participate in the mining process, whereas in the second round only runners-up can take part. Thus, the overall mining energy consumption can be reduced to nearly 50%. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed scheme is the first to considerably decrease the energy consumption of the original PoW algorithm. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of our scheme in reducing energy consumption, the probability of fork occurrences, the level of mining centralization presented in the original PoW algorithm, and the effect of transaction censorship attack.
【Keywords】Blockchain; Consensus algorithm; Proof-of-Work; Energy-efficiency
【标题】green-power:一种高能效区块链工作证明共识算法
【摘要】本文选择通过合理地重新利用挖矿过程中所花费的电力来缓解区块链工作证明（PoW）共识算法的能源效率低下问题。原始的PoW挖矿方案被设计为一次考虑一个区块，并将奖励分配给计算竞赛中的第一名。为了减少与挖矿有关的能源消耗，我们建议通过授予他们在下一轮挖矿中解决下一个区块的独占权，来补偿一轮挖矿中的亚军的计算努力。这将大大减少下一轮的竞争节点的数量，从而减少能源消耗。我们提出的方案将时间分为几个纪元，每个纪元包括两轮采矿；在第一轮中，所有网络节点都可以参与采矿过程，而在第二轮中，只有亚军可以参加。因此，整个采矿的能量消耗可以减少到近50%。据我们所知，我们提出的方案是第一个大大降低原始PoW算法能耗的方案。我们的分析证明了我们的方案在降低能耗、分叉发生的概率、原始PoW算法中呈现的采矿集中化水平以及交易审查攻击的影响方面的有效性。
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