【Author】
Li, Linhui; Shi, Peichang; Fu, Xiang; Chen, Peng; Zhong, Tao; Kong, Jinzhu
【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT
【Abstract】Blockchain has been applied in many fields to solve the problems of trust, security, efficiency benefiting from its tamper-proof and traceability of data. However, it is still necessary to consider the technical constraints that limit the large-scale application of blockchain: scalability, security, and decentralization cannot be achieved altogether. Consensus algorithm is the core of blockchain, which determines the performance of blockchain system to a certain extent. The existing reviews or surveys mainly focus on processes of consensus algorithms, but fall short in covering the current trends and scenarios, thereby lacking intrinsic understanding of their design philosophy. In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional tradeoff model and unearth various indicators of different dimensions to guide the construction of consensus algorithms. To summarize the existing efforts, we compare and analyze various classical consensus algorithms, and focus on the design principles of these algorithms under the multi-dimensional tradeoff model. According to different requirements, each algorithm has different tradeoffs. Furthermore, we provide different solutions for blockchain in different dimensions. Finally, we summarize the development trend of consensus design and the key technology prospects of blockchain. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first survey that accomplishes such goals.
【Keywords】Blockchains; Security; Consensus algorithm; Scalability; Throughput; Bitcoin; Technological innovation; Scalability; decentralization; security; consensus
【摘要】区块链已应用于许多领域，得益于其数据的防篡改和可追溯性，解决了信任、安全、效率等问题。但是，仍然需要考虑限制区块链大规模应用的技术约束：可扩展性、安全性和去中心化不能同时实现。共识算法是区块链的核心，在一定程度上决定了区块链系统的性能。现有的评论或调查主要关注共识算法的过程，但未能涵盖当前的趋势和场景，因此缺乏对其设计理念的内在理解。在本文中，我们提出了一个多维度的权衡模型，挖掘出不同维度的各种指标来指导共识算法的构建。总结现有的努力，我们比较和分析了各种经典的共识算法，并重点讨论了这些算法在多维权衡模型下的设计原则。根据不同的需求，每种算法都有不同的权衡。此外，我们为不同维度的区块链提供不同的解决方案。最后总结了共识设计的发展趋势和区块链的关键技术前景。据我们所知，这是实现此类目标的第一个调查。
【关键词】区块链；安全;共识算法；可扩展性；吞吐量；比特币；技术创新；可扩展性；权力下放；安全;共识
评论