【Author】
Lee, Soojin; Seo, Seung-Hyun
【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
【Abstract】Vehicles on the road, where an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is built, can share a lot of traffic information and drive more safely and efficiently through data sharing. Since incorrect information misleads vehicles and causes confusion in traffic, a vehicular trust model is needed to check the message's trustworthiness while considering the vehicle's properties and protecting its privacy. In this paper, we proposed a two layered blockchain-based reputation system, which consists of a local one-day message blockchain and a global vehicle reputation blockchain. It can administrate the reputation score securely and preserve the vehicle's partial privacy. The proposed model efficiently manages local traffic information through the local one-day blockchain, reducing the memory overhead of vehicles. As the vehicle's actual identity and activities in other areas are hidden by using one-time public keys, partial privacy of the vehicle is preserved. According to the activity of the vehicle, the vehicle's reputation score is updated and stored permanently in the global reputation blockchain. We also suggested the location-based practical byzantine fault tolerance (LPBFT), a new consensus algorithm for fast block generating. The LPBFT lowers message propagation time through location-based primary node selection and is about 1.4 times faster than existing PBFT. The simulation results show the efficiency and the feasibility of LPBFT and our proposed protocol.
【Keywords】Blockchains; Privacy; Consensus algorithm; Computational modeling; Trust management; Public key; Accidents; Blockchain; security; vehicular reputation management
【摘要】道路上的车辆建立了智能交通系统（ITS），可以共享大量交通信息，并通过数据共享更安全、更高效地行驶。由于不正确的信息会误导车辆并导致交通混乱，因此需要车辆信任模型来检查消息的可信度，同时考虑车辆的属性并保护其隐私。在本文中，我们提出了一个基于两层区块链的信誉系统，由本地一日消息区块链和全球车辆信誉区块链组成。它可以安全地管理信誉评分并保护车辆的部分隐私。所提出的模型通过本地一日区块链有效地管理本地交通信息，减少车辆的内存开销。由于使用一次性公钥隐藏了车辆的实际身份和在其他区域的活动，因此保留了车辆的部分隐私。根据车辆的活动情况，车辆的信誉分数会更新并永久存储在全球信誉区块链中。我们还提出了基于位置的实用拜占庭容错（LPBFT），这是一种用于快速生成区块的新共识算法。 LPBFT 通过基于位置的主节点选择来降低消息传播时间，比现有的 PBFT 快约 1.4 倍。仿真结果表明了 LPBFT 和我们提出的协议的效率和可行性。
【关键词】区块链；隐私;共识算法；计算建模；信托管理；公钥；事故；区块链；安全;车辆声誉管理
评论