【Author】
Ma, Fan-Qi; Fan, Rui-Na
【Abstract】In recent years, the use of consensus mechanism to maintain the security of blockchain system has become a considerable concern of the community. Delegated proof of stake (DPoS) and practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanisms are key technologies in maintaining the security of blockchain system. First, this study proposes a consensus mechanism combining DPoS and PBFT, which can rapidly deal with malicious witness nodes and shorten the time of block verification. Second, the M/PH/1 queuing model is used to analyze the performance of the proposed consensus mechanism, and the performance of the improved practical Byzantine fault tolerant consensus mechanism is evaluated from steady-state conditions and key performance measure of the system. Third, the current study uses the theoretical method of open (Jackson) queuing network, combined with the blockchain consensus process, and provides theoretical analysis with special cases. Lastly, this research utilizes numerical examples to verify the computability of the theoretical results. The analytic method is expected to open a series of potentially promising research in queueing theory of blockchain systems.
【Keywords】blockchain; practical Byzantine fault tolerant; delegated proof of stake; phase-type distribution; queueing theory
【摘要】近年来，利用共识机制来维护区块链系统的安全已经成为社会各界相当关注的问题。授权权益证明（DPoS）和实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）共识机制是维护区块链系统安全的关键技术。首先，本研究提出了一种结合DPoS和PBFT的共识机制，可以快速处理恶意的见证节点，缩短区块验证的时间。第二，利用M/PH/1排队模型分析了所提出的共识机制的性能，并从系统的稳态条件和关键性能指标评价了改进的实用拜占庭容错共识机制的性能。第三，本研究利用开放式（Jackson）排队网络的理论方法，结合区块链共识过程，结合特殊案例进行理论分析。最后，本研究利用数值实例来验证理论结果的可计算性。该分析方法有望在区块链系统的排队理论中开启一系列有潜力的研究。
【关键词】区块链；实用拜占庭式容错；委托股权证明；阶段式分布；排队理论
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