【Author】
Wang, Dewen; Wang, Zhao; Lian, Xin
【Abstract】Virtual power plant (VPP) composed of a large number of distributed energy resources (DERs) has become a regional multienergy aggregation model to realize the large-scale integration of renewable energy generation into the grid. Due to the characteristics of centralized management, the existing energy operation mode is difficult to simply apply to distributed energy resources transactions. The decentralization, transparency, contract execution automation and traceability of blockchain technology provide a new solution to the aggregation of decentralized resources and the opacity of transactions in VPP. In this paper, the existing problems of virtual power plants are analyzed, and the virtual power plant trading model is designed, which realizes the transparent benefit distribution and message transmission of virtual power plants. The virtual power plant blockchain network based on blockchain technology in this model solves the DERs coordination problem in VPP and the security and efficiency problems in information transmission. Combined with the actual situation of virtual power plant, the blockchain network collaboration mechanism (BNCM), which is convenient to reach agreement, is designed. Compared with the traditional practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm, this mechanism can make DERs reach a consensus quickly. Finally, simulation experiments on the consensus algorithm show that the algorithm can reduce the collaboration time between DERs under the premise of ensuring the same fault tolerance rate and is more suitable for VPP scenarios with a large number of DERs.
【Keywords】virtual power plant; distributed energy; blockchain; consensus algorithm
【标题】虚拟电厂中基于区块链的分布式能源共识机制研究
【摘要】由大量分布式能源资源（DER）组成的虚拟电厂（VPP）已成为实现可再生能源发电大规模并网的区域性多能源聚集模式。由于集中管理的特点，现有的能源运营模式难以简单适用于分布式能源资源交易。区块链技术的去中心化、透明化、合同执行自动化和可追溯性，为分散式资源的聚集和VPP中交易的不透明性提供了新的解决方案。本文分析了虚拟电厂存在的问题，设计了虚拟电厂交易模型，实现了虚拟电厂的透明利益分配和信息传递。该模型中基于区块链技术的虚拟电厂区块链网络，解决了虚拟电厂中DERs的协调问题和信息传输的安全与效率问题。结合虚拟电厂的实际情况，设计了便于达成协议的区块链网络协作机制（BNCM）。与传统的实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）共识算法相比，该机制可以使DER快速达成共识。最后，对该共识算法的仿真实验表明，该算法在保证相同容错率的前提下，可以减少DER之间的协作时间，更适合于有大量DER的VPP场景。
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