Peculiarities of countering legalization of criminal income with the help of virtual assets: legislative regulation and practical implementation

【Author】 Dumchikov, Mykhailo; Reznik, Oleg; Bondarenko, Olha

【Source】JOURNAL OF MONEY LAUNDERING CONTROL

【Abstract】Purpose The purpose of this paper is to define and characterize peculiarities of countering the legalization of criminal income with the help of virtual assets. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of the legislative delineation and the realities of the practical implementation of the features of combating the legalization of criminal proceeds with the help of virtual assets in Ukraine was carried out with the help of general scientific methods of cognition. The systematic method helped identify the main ways to legalize criminal proceeds with the help of virtual assets. Using legal techniques, proposals will be formulated to amend draft legislation on legislative regulation of the concept of virtual assets. The generalization method was used to develop ways to combat the legalization of criminal proceeds with the help of virtual assets. The method of legal forecasting was used to substantiate the proposed areas of combating money laundering with the help of virtual assets. The method of extrapolation will be used to determine the possibility of implementing foreign experience in domestic practice to combat money laundering with the help of virtual assets. Findings One of the relatively new and increasingly popular ways of money laundering is to commit this act with the help of virtual assets. Methods of money laundering through virtual assets include services for the conversion of virtual assets, P2P exchange, gambling sites, virtual asset mixers and the use of fictitious internet sites selling digital goods. The difficulty of counteracting the legalization of criminal proceeds with the help of virtual assets is primarily due to the lack of legislative regulation of the concept of virtual assets in Ukraine. Yes, the draft law is currently being finalized. Besides, even the current edition is not evaluated by the authors as perfect. After all, the issue of the content of the concept of virtual assets and its relationship with virtual securities, cryptocurrency and virtual property remains unresolved. Originality/value One of the relatively new and increasingly popular ways of money laundering is to commit this act with the help of virtual assets. Methods of money laundering through virtual assets include services for the conversion of virtual assets, P2P exchange, gambling sites, virtual asset mixers and the use of fictitious internet sites selling digital goods. It is essential to intensify financial monitoring by financial control bodies over the activities of conversion service centers. Moreover, given the transnational nature of legalizing criminal proceeds, especially those committed through virtual assets, international cooperation in combating this crime is vital. The authors have proposed specific measures to ensure that a coherent consolidation of efforts can be built.

【Keywords】Virtual assets; Money laundering; Countermeasures; International cooperation; Legislation

【标题】借助虚拟资产打击犯罪收入合法化的特点：立法监管与实施

【摘要】本文的目的是定义和描述在虚拟资产的帮助下打击犯罪收入合法化的特殊性。设计/方法/途径 在一般科学认知方法的帮助下，对乌克兰打击借助虚拟资产使犯罪所得合法化的立法界定和实际执行的特点进行了分析。系统方法有助于确定借助虚拟资产使犯罪所得合法化的主要方式。利用法律方法制定建议以修正关于虚拟资产概念的法律监管的草案。采用概括法制定打击借助虚拟资产使犯罪所得合法化的方法。使用法律预测的方法来证实拟议的借助虚拟资产打击洗钱的领域。推断的方法将被用来确定在国内实践中实施外国经验的可能性，以打击借助虚拟资产的洗钱行为。研究结果 相对较新且日益流行的洗钱方式之一是借助虚拟资产实施这一行为。通过虚拟资产洗钱的方法包括虚拟资产转换服务、P2P交易所、赌博网站、虚拟资产混合和使用虚构的互联网网站销售数字商品。抵制借助虚拟资产将犯罪所得合法化的困难主要在于乌克兰缺乏对虚拟资产概念的立法规范，其法律草案目前正在定稿中，即使目前的版本也没有被作者评价为完美。毕竟，虚拟资产概念的内容及其与虚拟证券、加密货币和虚拟财产的关系问题仍未解决。原创性/价值 相对较新且日益流行的洗钱方式之一是借助虚拟资产实施这一行为。通过虚拟资产洗钱的方法包括转换虚拟资产的服务、P2P交易所、赌博网站、虚拟资产混合和使用虚构的互联网网站销售数字商品。必须加强金融监管机构对转换服务中心活动的金融监管。此外，鉴于犯罪所得合法化的跨国性质，特别是通过虚拟资产实施的犯罪，打击这种犯罪的国际合作至关重要。作者提出了一些具体措施，以确保能够建立一个连贯的全面总体研究。

【关键词】虚拟资产；洗钱；对策；国际合作;立法

【收录时间】2022-02-27

【文献类型】Article; Early Access

【论文大主题】区块链政策法律

【论文小主题】区块链的司法政务应用

【影响因子】0.000

【翻译者】丁子仪