【Author】
De Filippi, Primavera; Mannan, Morshed; Reijers, Wessel
【Source】TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
【Abstract】Blockchain technology was created as a response to the trust crisis that swept the world in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Bitcoin and other blockchain-based systems were presented as a trustless alternative to existing financial institutions and even governments. Yet, while the trustless nature of blockchain technology has been heavily questioned, little research has been done as to what blockchain technologies actually bring to the table in place of trust. This article draws from the extensive academic discussion on the concepts of trust and confidence to argue that blockchain technology is not a 'trustless technology' but rather a 'confidence machine'. First, the article provides a review of the multifaceted conceptualisations of trust and confidence, and the relationship between these two concepts. Second, the claim is made that blockchain technology relies on cryptographic rules, mathematics, and game-theoretical incentives in order to increase confidence in the operations of a computational system. Yet, such an increase in confidence ultimately relies on the proper operation and governance of the underlying blockchain-based network, which requires trusting a variety of actors. Third, the article turns to legal, constitutional and polycentric governance theory to explore the governance challenges of blockchain-based systems, in light of the tension between procedural confidence and trust.
【Keywords】Trust; Confidence; Blockchain; Governance; Rule of law; Polycentricity
【摘要】区块链技术的创建是为了应对 2008 年金融危机后席卷全球的信任危机。比特币和其他基于区块链的系统被提出来作为现有金融机构甚至政府的去信任替代品。然而，虽然区块链技术的去信任性受到了严重质疑，但很少有人研究区块链技术实际上带来了什么来代替信任。本文从对信任和信心概念的广泛学术讨论中得出结论，认为区块链技术不是“无需信任的技术”，而是“信任机器”。首先，本文回顾了信任和信心的多方面概念化，以及这两个概念之间的关系。其次，有人声称区块链技术依赖于密码规则、数学和博弈论激励，以增加对计算系统操作的信心。然而，这种信心的增加最终依赖于基于区块链的底层网络的正确操作和治理，这需要信任各种参与者。第三，鉴于程序信心和信任之间的紧张关系，文章转向法律、宪法和多中心治理理论来探讨基于区块链的系统的治理挑战。
【关键词】相信;信心;区块链；治理；法律规则;多中心性
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