【Source】JOURNAL OF KOREA TRADE
【Abstract】Purpose - This paper investigates applicability of blockchain based bill of lading under the current legal environment. Legal requirements of electronic bill of lading will be analyzed based on the Rotterdam Rules and recently enacted UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. Using comparative analysis with the previous registry model for electronic bill of lading, this paper examines the advantages of blockchain based bill of lading. Design/methodology - This research reviewed previous efforts for dematerializing bill of lading with its limitation. Main features of blockchain technology which can make up for deficiencies of registry model also be investigated to analyze whether these features can satisfy the requirements for the legal validity of the negotiable electronic transport record or electronic transferable records under the Rotterdam Rules and the MLETR. Findings - Main findings of this research can be summarized as follows: Blockchain system operated in an open platform can improve transparency and scalability in transfer of electronic bill of lading by assuring easy access for transaction. Distributed ledger technology of blockchain makes it more difficult to forge or tamper with transactions because all participants equally shares identical transaction records. Consensus mechanism and timestamp in a blockchain transaction guarantee the integrity and uniqueness of a transaction. These features are enough to satisfy the requirements of electronic transferable records under the Rotterdam Rules and MLTER. Originality/value - This study has significance in that it provided implications for the introduction of electronic bill of lading by analyzing whether the blockchain based electronic bill of lading model meets the legal requirements under the current legal system prepared prior to the introduction of blockchain technology, and by presenting the advantages of the blockchain based bill of lading model through comparative analysis with the existing registry model.
【Keywords】Blockchain; Electronic Bill of Lading; Electronic Transferable Records; Rotterdam Rules; UNCITRAL Model Law
【标题】基于区块链的提单在鹿特丹规则和贸易法委员会电子可转让记录示范法下的适用性
【摘要】目的 - 本文研究基于区块链的提单在当前法律环境下的适用性。电子提单的法律要求将根据鹿特丹规则和最近颁布的贸易法委员会电子可转让记录示范法进行分析。通过与以往电子提单登记模式的比较分析，本文检验了基于区块链的提单的优势。设计/方法 - 本研究回顾了以前为使提单非物质化的努力及其局限性。还考察了区块链技术能够弥补登记模式不足的主要特点，分析这些特点能否满足鹿特丹规则和MLETR对可转让电子运输记录或电子可转让记录的法律效力要求。发现 - 本研究的主要发现可总结如下： 在开放平台上运行的区块链系统可以通过确保交易的便捷访问来提高电子提单转移的透明度和可扩展性。区块链的分布式账本技术使得伪造或篡改交易变得更加困难，因为所有参与者平等地共享相同的交易记录。区块链交易中的共识机制和时间戳保证了交易的完整性和唯一性。这些功能足以满足鹿特丹规则和 MLTER 下电子可转让记录的要求。原创性/价值——本研究的意义在于通过分析基于区块链的电子提单模型是否符合引入区块链技术之前制定的现行法律制度下的法律要求，为引入电子提单提供了启示，并通过与现有注册模式的比较分析，展示基于区块链的提单模型的优势。
【关键词】区块链；电子提单；电子可转让记录；鹿特丹规则；贸易法委员会示范法
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