【Author】
Karandikar, Nikita; Chakravorty, Antorweep; Rong, Chunming
【Abstract】Renewable energy microgeneration is rising leading to creation of prosumer communities making it possible to extract value from surplus energy and usage flexibility. Such a peer-to-peer energy trading community requires a decentralized, immutable and access-controlled transaction system for tokenized energy assets. In this study we present a unified blockchain-based system for energy asset transactions among prosumers, electric vehicles, power companies and storage providers. Two versions of the system were implemented on Hyperledger Fabric. Assets encapsulating an identifier or unique information along with value are modelled as non-fungible tokens (NFT), while those representing value only are modelled as fungible tokens (FT). We developed the associated algorithms for token lifecycle management, analyzed their complexities and encoded them in smart contracts for performance testing. The results show that performance of both implementations are comparable for most major operations. Further, we presented a detailed comparison of FT and NFT implementations based on use-case, design, performance, advantages and disadvantages. Our implementation achieved a throughput of 448.3 transactions per second for the slowest operation (transfer) with a reasonably low infrastructure.
【Keywords】blockchain; prosumer; fungible; NFT; peak shaving; smart grids; trading; demand response
【摘要】可再生能源微型发电的兴起导致了专业消费者社区的建立，使得从剩余能源和使用灵活性中提取价值成为可能。这样一个点对点的能源交易社区需要一个去中心化的、不可变的和访问控制的交易系统，用于代币化能源资产。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个统一的基于区块链的系统，用于专业消费者、电动汽车、电力公司和存储供应商之间的能源资产交易。该系统的两个版本是在Hyperledger Fabric上实现的。封装了标识符或独特信息以及价值的资产被建模为不可替代的代币（NFT），而那些只代表价值的资产被建模为可替代的代币（FT）。我们开发了代币生命周期管理的相关算法，分析了其复杂性，并将其编码在智能合约中进行性能测试。结果显示，两种实现方式在大多数主要操作上的性能是相当的。此外，我们提出了基于用例、设计、性能、优势和劣势的FT和NFT实现的详细比较。我们的实现在最慢的操作（转移）中实现了每秒448.3个交易的吞吐量，基础设施相当低。
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