【影响因子】18.000
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 观点阐述
【Author】 Du, Miao Yang, Peng Tian, Wen Han, Zhu
【影响因子】13.081
【主题类别】
区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约
【Abstract】Leveraging watchtowers to monitor payment channel networks (PCNs) is regarded to be a promising option to ensure off-chain transaction security and boost cryptocurrency scalability. However, existing solutions have two major limitations: First, since the watchtower's inaction or collusion with counterparties, the deposits in off-chain transactions will be threatened; Second, due to occasional false positives, the efficiency of the single watchtower in monitoring the payment channels for fraud is questionable. To solve this, we present anticollusion multiparty smart contracts for distributed watchtowers in PCNs. Specifically, we first design the distributed watchtower mechanism to solve the false positive problem in regulating PCNs. In addition, we utilize smart contracts to constrain and force counterparties to relinquish collusion in the distributed watchtower mechanism, thus making collusion impossible for rational parties. We further offer a mathematical proof and contract implementation in Solidity. Finally, extensive experiments and contracts executed on Ethereum under various benchmarks with baseline comparison demonstrate the validity of our proposals. Specifically, our scheme can both improve the throughput and accuracy by up to 20-25% and 10-15%, respectively, and reduce the false positive rate by up to 10% compared with existing single watchtower mechanism.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Watchtowers; payment channel networks; collusion attacks; smart contract; crypto-economy; ethereum
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【影响因子】11.471
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】Metaverse is an artificial virtual world mapped from and interacting with the real world. In metaverse, digital entities coexist with their physical counterparts. Powered by deep learning, metaverse is inevitably becoming more intelligent in the interactions between reality and virtuality. However, it is confronted with a nontrivial problem known as sim2real transfer when deep learning techniques try to bridge the reality gap between the physical world and simulations. In this article, we use multiagent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) to implement collective intelligence for digital entities as well as their physical counterparts. To model the immersive environments in metaverse, we define a nonstationary variant of Markov games and propose a recurrent MARL solution to it. Based on the solution, MARL sim2real transfer that bridges real and virtual multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV) systems is successfully conducted by employing recurrent multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (R-MADDPG) with the domain randomization technique. Additionally, we use perception-control modularization to improve the generalization performance of MARL policies and make training more efficient.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Metaverse; Games; Markov processes; Task analysis; Robots; Vehicle dynamics; Training; multiagent deep reinforcement learning (MARL); multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (multi-UAV); nonstationary Markov game; sim2real transfer
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【Author】 Zhang, Hui Luo, Guiyang Li, Yidong Wang, Fei-Yue
【影响因子】11.471
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】Metaverse and intelligent transportation system (ITS) are disruptive technologies that have the potential to transform the current transportation system by decreasing traffic accidents and improving driving safety. The integration of Metaverse and transportation technology, called metaverse transportation system (MTS), can greatly improve the intelligence of real transportation system. The digital models built in MTS help to simulate the full life cycle of physical entities, which equip the virtual space with controllability and flexibility. In this article, we concentrate on the field of environment perception, which is the basic function of intelligent vehicles in MTS. To overcome the poor scalability of traditional environment perception methods, we develop the framework of parallel vision for ITS in metaverse (PVITS), consisting of construction of virtual transportation space, model learning based on computational experiments, and feedback optimization based on parallel execution. This article highlights opportunities brought by PVITS in terms of model precision and generalization improvement. Then, the challenges of PVITS are discussed, i.e., distribution difference between virtual and real transportation space, structure design and theoretical interpretation of vision models, and data security and privacy in virtual transportation space. After that, we present several solutions to tackle the application challenges and fully exploit the superior characteristics of PVITS while attenuating their negative side effects. Some potential applications are also given to represent the effectiveness and reliability of PVITS.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Intelligent transportation system (ITS); metaverse; parallel vision
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 理论模型
【Author】 Hare, Ryan Tang, Ying
【影响因子】11.471
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】Metaverse has gained increasing interest in education, with much of literature focusing on its great potential to enhance both individual and social aspects of learning. However, little work has been done to address the systems and technologies behind providing meaningful Metaverse learning. This article proposes a technical framework to address this research gap, where a hierarchical multiagent reinforcement learning approach with experience sharing is developed to augment the intelligence of nonplayer characters in Metaverse learning for personalization. The utility and benefits of the proposed framework and methodologies are demonstrated in Gridlock, a Metaverse learning game, as well as through extensive simulations.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】ACP; experience sharing; metaverse learning; reinforcement learning (RL)
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【Author】 Han, Jinpeng Yang, Manzhi Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Hongtao Wang, Yuntao Li, Jianhao Su, Zhou Li, Zhen Ma, Xiaobo
【影响因子】11.471
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】The metaverse, as an instance of cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) that originates in cyber-physical systems (CPS), features growing complexity, and diversity in terms of functionalities, as well as the exponentially increasing demand in network bandwidth and computational resources, thereby leading to exaggerated security threats. However, compared with the extensive attention received by the metaverse, solutions defending against the threats have not kept pace. A major obstacle to such solutions is virtuality-reality-synthesized threats. Therefore, it is imperative to design new paradigms to defend the metaverse effectively. In this article, we advance a parallel system, dubbed ParaDefender, to defend the metaverse against emerging new threats effectively. Inspired by parallel intelligence, ParaDefender comprises artificial cyberspace, computational experiments, and parallel execution. The basic idea is to make artificial and real cyberspaces executed in parallel to mutually guide each other for enhanced security, wherein the parallel execution is scenario driven in the sense that the scenarios originate from all possible spatial-temporal combinations of security threats in the metaverse. We also demonstrate how to land ParaDefender onto real-world applications, including the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) security operation application in the industrial metaverse, and the social governance application.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS); parallel intelligence (PI); parallel security; scenario engineering (SE); security in metaverses
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 理论模型
【Author】 Li, Juanjuan Qin, Rui Wang, Fei-Yue
【影响因子】11.471
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-DAO
【Abstract】In the future, management in smart societies will revolve around knowledge workers and the works they produce. This article is committed to explore new management framework, model, paradigm, and solution for organizing, managing, and measuring knowledge works. First, the parallel management framework is presented that would allow for the virtual-real interactions of humans in social space, robots in physical space, and digital humans in cyberspace to realize descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive intelligence for management. Then, the management foundation models are proposed by fusing scenarios engineering with artificial intelligence foundation models and cyber-physical-social systems. Moreover, the new management paradigm driven by decentralized autonomous organizations and operations is formulated for the advancement of smart organizations and intelligent operations. On these basis, the management operating systems that highlight features of simple intelligence, provable security, flexible scalability, and ecological harmony are finally put forward as new management solution.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Decentralized autonomous organizations and operations (DAO); management foundation model; management intelligence; management operating system (MOS); metaverse; parallel management
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 观点阐述
【影响因子】11.471
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】Metaverse is the fusion of cyber-physical-social intelligence, and the fusion becomes the core and fundamental property of the metaverse. As an important part of social operationalization, the education domain leads to the birth of the education metaverse. This article answers three basic questions about smart services in the education metaverse: 1) learning scene; 2) technical framework; and 3) initial expansion. Specifically, four key elements constitute the learning scene in the education metaverse: 1) the learner; 2) its time; 3) space; and 4) learning event. In this learning scene, we propose a novel data-knowledge-driven group intelligence framework, aiming to transform data in the education metaverse into knowledge, and intersect and integrate intelligence with knowledge; based on this framework, we apply it to specific services, i.e., transaction and management services. We hope that our work opens the door to research on smart services in the education metaverse and more scholars will work for these challenges.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Education; Artificial intelligence; Artificial intelligence (AI); data; education metaverse; fusion; knowledge
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 理论模型
【Author】 Kakkar, Riya Gupta, Rajesh Dahman Alshehri, Mohammad Tanwar, Sudeep Dua, Amit Kumar, Neeraj
CCF-C
【影响因子】10.238
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-交通领域
【Abstract】This article proposes a blockchain and non-cooperative game theoretic-based secure and optimized data pricing scheme, i.e.,Block-CPS. It aims to secure the data transactions between vehicle owners and customers for rides. It uses the fifth-generation (5G) communication network that offers ultrareliable low-latency communications between vehicle owners and customers. The Interplanetary file system (IPFS) storage protocol used in the proposal reduces the blockchain data storage cost. We then formulated a non-cooperative game-theoretic approach to maximize the profits for vehicle owners and customers. Formulated non-cooperative game is integrated with blockchain to provide security to the Block-CPS. The vulnerability of the developed smart contract is verified and validated using tools like smartcheck and verisol. The performance of Block-CPS is evaluated by comparing it with the traditional approaches using blockchain with 4G and LTE-A networks. The performance evaluation parameters used are system scalability, network latency, data storage cost and its computation, network throughput, profit, communication reliability, and convergence for the optimal payoff between vehicle owners and customers. The performance results shows the Block-CPS outperforms the traditional blockchain-based systems.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; car sharing; data pricing; ethereum; non-cooperative game; smart contract
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【Author】 Zarifis, Alex Castro, Luis A.
【影响因子】3.889
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-NFT
【Abstract】The unique features of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) are becoming increasingly appealing as we spend more of our time online. This increased popularity is nevertheless not free of controversies, and there is a lack of clarity over the final form this digital asset will take. While there are some early adopters, the whole NFT ecosystem will have to be clarified for wider adoption, particularly the purchasing process. This research evaluates a model of the purchasing process of NFTs and the role of trust in this process. The validated model identified that the purchasing process of NFTs has four stages and each stage is affected by trust: (1) Trust in the cryptocurrency wallet, (2) trust in the cryptocurrency purchase, (3) trust in the NFT marketplace, and (4) trust in aftersales services.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Non-Fungible Tokens; NFT; digital assets; cryptoassets; blockchain; trust
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实证数据
【DOI】 10.3390/su142416482
【Author】 Wang, Gaofeng Shin, Changhoon
【影响因子】3.889
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】We explored the influencing factors of the usage intention of a metaverse education application platform that directly influence the optimization of its service function, improve the usage intention, and realize the promotion and application of metaverse technology in the education domain. Based on the characteristics of the metaverse education application platform, we integrated the PPM (push-pull-mooring) model and the TAM (technology acceptance model) to construct the model of influencing factors of usage intention. Ultimately, 275 valid questionnaires were collected through expert demonstration, pre-investigation, formal investigation, and other processes. In addition, our paper used the SEM (structural equation model) and fsQCA (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) to analyze the influencing factors of user willingness and their configuration paths. The study found that personalized learning, contextualized teaching, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social needs, and social impact play significant positive roles in the willingness to use the metaverse education platform. Meanwhile, the obtained findings show that the experience-led community-driven mode, personality-led community-driven mode, and social-led utility-driven mode serve as potential guidelines for usage intention enhancement.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】metaverse; educational application platform; usage intention; PPM model; TAM model
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实证数据
【DOI】 10.3390/su142417037
【Author】 Zhang, Jixian Zong, Mingyi Li, Weidong
【影响因子】3.352
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】The concept of the metaverse has gained increasing attention in recent years, and the development of various new technologies, including digital twin technology, has made it possible to see the metaverse coming to pass. Many academics have begun to investigate various problems after realizing the importance of digital twin technology in building the metaverse. However, when utilizing digital twin technology to construct a metaverse, there remains limited research on how to allocate multibase station resources. This research translates a multibase station wireless resource allocation problem into an integer linear programming constraint model when virtual service providers construct a metaverse. In addition, the optimal VCG reverse auction (OPT-VCGRA) mechanism is designed to maximize social welfare and solve the problem of IoT devices competing for base station wireless resources. Specifically, the problem of the optimal allocation of wireless channel resources and payment rule based on the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism is solved to achieve optimal allocation and calculation of payment prices. Since the optimal allocation problem is NP-hard, this paper also designs a metaverse digital twin resource allocation and pricing (MDTRAP) mechanism based on monotonic allocation and key value theory. The mechanism sends the resource allocation results of multiple base stations to IoT devices and calculates the price payment when building a metaverse in the real world. This paper shows that both auction mechanisms have incentive compatibility and individual rationality properties. Through experiments, this paper compares the two mechanisms in terms of social welfare, the number of winners, and the overall payment. The MDTRAP mechanism performs similarly to the OPT-VCGRA mechanism in terms of social welfare, the number of winners, and channel utilization but is far superior to the OPT-VCGRA mechanism in terms of execution time and total payment. The trustful experiment also verified the truthfulness of the MDTRAP mechanism. The experimental results show that the MDTRAP mechanism can be used to solve the resource allocation problem of multiple base stations to IoT devices when building a metaverse in the real world and can effectively maximize social welfare.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】digital twin; metaverse; reverse auction; resource allocation
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 理论模型
【DOI】 10.3390/pr10122601
【Author】 Makarov, Igor Schoar, Antoinette
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析
【Abstract】The detailed analysis of the Bitcoin network and its main participants. The expert authors (Igor Makarov, London School of Economics, Antoinette Schoar, MIT Sloan School of Management) completed the study authorized by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the US-based private agency. The Bitcoin network is defined as a new database comprising many of public and proprietary sources to link bitcoin address to real object, and an extensive set of algorithms to extract information on market key players behavior. Three major pieces of analysis of the Bitcoin eco-system were conducted. First, the authors analyze the transaction volume and network structure of the main participants on the blockchain. Second, they document the concentration and regional composition of the miners which are the backbone of the verification protocol and ensure the integrity of the blockchain ledger. Finally, they analyze the ownership concentration of the largest holders of Bitcoin. The researchers found that 1/3 of all bitcoins issued were owned by 10,000 individual investors. They conclude that the high concentration makes the first cryptocurrency market vulnerable to hypothetical hacker attack. The translator notes that paraphrasing English text in Russian was rather challenging due to the newness of the financial agenda and introduction of the term entity extensively used in the Western countries though new to Russia. Nevertheless, it is necessary to introduce readers to the bitcoin technology which will be also practical and useful for the library and information community.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】cryptocurrency; bitcoin; blockchain; transaction; miner; multiple ownership
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实证数据
【Author】 Sajter, Domagoj
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析
【Abstract】An important feature of every financial system throughout history is its capability to facilitate transfer of money in a secure and cost efficient manner. Cryptocurrencies as sources of innovative solutions - especially Bitcoin as their most prominent representative - have offered a completely new transmission system for a piece of information that can contain and carry value. There are many approaches to evaluate (un)successfulness of Bitcoin as money, and arguably one of the most important is to assess the fulfilment of its inventor's original proposition: can it be used to send money directly and securely abroad, to international destinations, without fear of double-spending? Moreover, by removing institutions and their fees from the system hierarchy, can it be done for a lower price? The objective of creating Bitcoin network (among others) was to promote democratization of finance by enabling monetary transactions over the internet without unnecessary intermediaries inserting and charging multiple layers of fees. In decentralized, distributed blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum subjects are incentivized to collectively maintain the public ledger (blockchain) by collecting block rewards ( "coinbase ") and transaction fees. Block-chain maintenance is known as mining, and miners are compensated for their effort in the form of fees (and coinbase rewards) for verifying transactions. The objective of this paper is to examine and compare fees for transferring money internationally by means of Bit-coin network, in contrast to using traditional pathways, mostly banks, and in this manner to scrutinize the proof of concept and one of the cryptocurrency solutions to the issue of money transfer. By doing so we are attempting to provide answers to the questions of functionality and cost-effectiveness of an alternative financial system based on the blockchain technology. Transaction fees for international payments made by Bitcoin are compared by analysing a novel dataset obtained from World Bank and Croatian National Bank (CNB). CNB's data is not publicly available, and was attained for this paper specifically. It contains 1.400 types of fees charged by the 23 banks operating in Croatia for the period of October 2018 to February 2022. Bank fees for international transactions were matched with Bitcoin fees in the same period, with the data taken from Blockchain.com online service. On average, to send 1,000 USD abroad by using Bitcoin network required approx. three times less in fees than by using banks in Croatia. The calculation structure of bank fees, also presented in the paper, required higher costs for sending lower amounts (in terms of percentage); when transferring 200 USD banks worldwide charged on average approx. 30 times more in fees than Bitcoin miners. Additionally, transaction fees for international remittances were analysed with quarterly data from World Bank. Comparative analysis of these and Bitcoin fees was made, and it is clear that (on average) sending money abroad via Bitcoin network bears significantly lower costs for the end user, especially when transferring lower amounts. Due to the non-normality of the distributions of the underlying variables, non-parametric tests were applied and the null hypothesis that transaction costs have identical medians was rejected. In conclusion, when needing to transfer money internationally users can obtain significantly lower costs by using decentralized technologies such as Bitcoin's blockchain. This finding validates one of the key propositions of the distributed ledgers.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; bitcoin; cryptocurrencies; transaction; fees
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2023-01-17
【文献类型】 实证数据
【DOI】 10.2478/zireb-2022-0025
【作者】 季云琪;吴章铭;杨海平;卢明欣;
【作者单位】南京大学信息管理学院;
【文献来源】图书馆论坛
【复合影响因子】2.553
【综合影响因子】1.900
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-版权领域
【摘要】科技的发展给著作权保护提供了更多可操作性，但作品确权难、交易难等问题依然存在。本研究关注图片版权的保护及交易问题，针对侵权行为大量发生的情况，聚焦于区块链技术在图片确权、交易领域的应用。文章着重讨论了区块链技术对于图片版权的保护及交易的赋能问题，梳理了现实生活中的图片侵权行为情况，总结了现有图片版权保护平台的贡献及不足，分析区块链技术在图片确权和交易过程中的角色、渠道、环节、价值流向，提出延伸价值链，助力平台改进，从价值共创方面完善构建保护图片版权的价值体系。
【关键词】区块链;;图片版权;;价值链
【文献类型】 观点阐述
【发表时间】2023-01-17
【作者】 程雪军;
【作者单位】同济大学法学院;
【文献来源】中国流通经济
【复合影响因子】
【综合影响因子】
【主题类别】
区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币
【摘要】2008年美国次贷危机后，区块链技术快速兴起并深度介入货币金融行业，促进了非法定数字货币的发展，对主权国家的法定货币体系造成巨大冲击。为维护法定货币主权与竞争优势，发展中央银行数字货币、构建现代中央银行数字货币法治体系具有重要意义。利用规范分析方法剖析中央银行数字货币基本内涵与主要特征，发现中央银行数字货币是由中央银行发行的，以政府信用为担保，由指定机构运营并向社会公众发售，具有法偿性、等价性、可控匿名性的数字货币。在中国裁判文书网上以“数字货币”为关键词检索得到2 147份判决书并基于此进行实证分析，发现我国中央银行数字货币主要面临经济法层面的货币法偿性困境、民法层面的货币所有权转移困境、刑法层面的货币金融犯罪（主要是货币造假、洗钱犯罪）法治困境。对不同经济体发展中央银行数字货币的经验进行比较分析，发现发展中经济体对中央银行数字货币的态度普遍更积极，但因前期研发准备不足、法治体系不完善，常以失败告终；发达经济体对中央银行数字货币的态度普遍更保守，秉承审慎发展与法治原则，选择契合本国国情的可行性路径，但需要警惕中央银行数字货币法律地位与法偿性难以得到保证的法律风险。为构建中国特色现代中央银行数字货币法治体系，应从经济法上厘定中央银行数字货币的无限法偿性，即通过立法明确中央银行数字货币的法偿性，并设立过渡期特别规制；完善民法，适用“占有即所有”原则，以交付转移作为货币所有权转移的生效要件；建立健全关于中央银行数字货币的金融犯罪刑事法治制度，特别是逐步完善中央银行数字货币防范假币机制，构建关于中央银行数字货币的反洗钱犯罪制度。
【关键词】区块链技术;;中央银行数字货币;;数字法治;;实证分析;;国际经验
【文献类型】 实证数据
【发表时间】2023-01-17