【Author】 Ma, Fuchen Xu, Zhenyang Ren, Meng Yin, Zijing Chen, Yuanliang Qiao, Lei Gu, Bin Li, Huizhong Jiang, Yu Sun, Jiaguang

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CCF-A

【影响因子】9.322

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】Attacks on smart contracts have caused considerable losses to digital assets. Many techniques based on symbolic execution, fuzzing, and static analysis are used to detect contract vulnerabilities. Most of the current analyzers only consider vulnerability detection intra-contract scenarios. However, Ethereum contracts usually interact with others by calling their functions. A bug hidden in a path that depends on information from external contract calls is defined as an inter-contract vulnerability. Failure to deal with this kind of bug can result in potential false negatives and false positives. In this work, we propose Pluto, which supports vulnerability detection in inter-contract scenarios. It first builds an Inter-contract Control Flow Graph (ICFG) to extract semantic information among contract calls. Afterward, it symbolically explores the ICFG and deduces Inter-Contract Path Constraints (ICPC) to check the reachability of execution paths more accurately. Finally, Pluto detects whether there is a vulnerability based on some predefined rules. For evaluation, we compare Pluto with five state-of-the-art tools, including Oyente, Mythril, Securify, ILF, and Clairvoyance on a labeled benchmark and 39,443 real-world Ethereum smart contracts. The result shows that other tools can only detect 10% of the inter-contract vulnerabilities, while Pluto can detect 80% of them on the labeled dataset. Beyond that, Pluto has detected 451 confirmed vulnerabilities on real-world contracts, including 36 vulnerabilities in inter-contract scenarios. Two bugs have been assigned with unique CVE identifiers by the US National Vulnerability Database (NVD). On average, Pluto costs 16.9 seconds to analyze a contract, which is as fast as the state-of-the-art tools.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Pluto; Tools; Smart contracts; Semantics; Computer bugs; Codes; Virtual machining; Smart contracts; ethereum; inter-contract vulnerabilities

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/TSE.2021.3117966

【Author】 Lei, Yu-Tian Ma, Chao-Qun Mirza, Nawazish Ren, Yi-Shuai Narayan, Seema Wati Chen, Xun-Qi

【Source】ENERGY ECONOMICS

【影响因子】9.252

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-电力领域

【Abstract】This paper presents an energy trading platform based on the permissioned blockchain for managing renewable energy microgrids. To accomplish low-cost and efficient renewable energy trading, a series of automated trading processes is designed for the trading platform, including the token trading mechanism and account management mechanism. Meanwhile, we actualise set of trading processes in the trading platform using smart contract and use the Internet of Things technology to facilitate the automatic execution of trading. Besides, we devised a homomorphic encryption scheme that provides an exceptional level of privacy protection without compromising trading efficiency to better safeguard users' privacy in the trading platform. Therefore, utilising the trading management platform for renewable energy we developed can increase user participation in trading. Finally, the proposed trading management platform has been constructed and deployed utilising the permissioned blockchain Hyperledger Fabric, and the effect of the homomorphic encryption scheme and the trading process has been tested. The simulation results demonstrate the practicability of the designed renewable energy trading management platform.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Renewable energy; Permissioned blockchain; Trading platform; Homomorphic encryption

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106375

【Author】 Huang, Yakun Zhu, Yuanwei Qiao, Xiuquan Su, Xiang Dustdar, Schahram Zhang, Ping

【Source】IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE

【影响因子】9.030

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-通信领域

【Abstract】Real-time holographic video communications enable immersive experiences for next-generation video services in the future metaverse era. However, high-fidelity holographic videos require high bandwidth and significant computation resources, which exceed the transferring and computing capacity of 5G networks. This article reviews state-of-the-art holographic point cloud video transmission techniques and highlights the critical challenges of delivering such immersive services. We further implement a preliminary prototype of an AI-driven holographic video communication system and present critical experimental results to evaluate its performance. Finally, we identify future research directions and discuss potential solutions for providing real-time and high-quality holographic experiences.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1109/MCOM.001.220021

【Author】 Kadadha, Maha Otrok, Hadi Mizouni, Rabeb Singh, Shakti Ouali, Anis

【Source】FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE

【影响因子】7.307

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】In this paper, we address the problem of behavior prediction for task allocation in blockchain-based crowdsourcing framework. Centralized crowdsourcing frameworks complement workers' reputations with predicted behavior, through Machine Learning (ML) models, to improve the task allocation performance and maintain worker engagement. Existing blockchain-based crowdsourcing frameworks allocate tasks to workers using reputation solely, which neglects the impact of a task's context on the worker's behavior. Our contribution is an on-chain behavior prediction ML model for task allocation on top of a proposed blockchain-based crowdsourcing framework. The ML model, hosted on blockchain, reflects a worker's unique behavior for a task given its context. The proposed ML model is: (1) trained off-chain since it has lower monetary cost compared to on-chain training, and (2) deployed on-chain as a smart contract to enable transparent predictions. The task allocation mechanism in the proposed blockchain-based crowdsourcing framework considers workers' predicted behavior and a Quality of Information (QoI) metric that includes distance to the task, completion time, and workers' reputation. The evaluation conducted confirms that the proposed task allocation mechanism, implemented using Solidity, outperforms the benchmark in terms of percentage of allocation, workers' QoI, and reputation change. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Machine Learning; Blockchain; Behavior; Crowdsourcing; Smart contract; Bagged Trees

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.future.2022.05.025

【Author】 Zhang, Jinyu Yang, Yumeng Zhao, Deyu Wang, Yue

【Source】COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

【影响因子】6.700

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制

【Abstract】Industry and research communities have widely studied Blockchain technology, and the consortium blockchain is currently the most used category with a wide range of applications. However, issues, such as the performance of consensus mechanisms, have become essential constraints on promoting and applying the consortium blockchain. To improve the performance of the consortium blockchain consensus, we use the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus widely used in consortium blockchains to reduce the number of consensus nodes to optimize performance. Using the PBFT consensus, we screen high-performance nodes and obtain a reliable and limited number of consensus nodes. We propose a genetic algorithm-based blockchain consensus algorithm improvement scheme, design the fitness function of blockchain nodes and the genetic algorithm to iterate out consensus node groups with excellent indicators continuously, and finally iterate the nodes participating in the consensus. This algorithm can increase the speed and efficiency of the consensus, block generation, and computation. The algorithm in this article is tested on the FISCO BCOS (i.e., a consortium blockchain platform built by the FISCO open-source working group), and controlled experiments and the experimental results illustrate the safety and practicability of the method.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Genetic algorithm; PBFT; Consensus algorithm

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1007/s40747-022-00907-2

【Author】 Mahmudnia, Dena Arashpour, Mehrdad Bai, Yu Feng, Haibo

【Source】DRONES

【影响因子】5.532

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-公共管理

【Abstract】Central management of fire stations and traditional optimization strategies are vulnerable to response time, a single point of failure, workload balancing, and cost problems. This is further intensified by the absence of modern communication systems and a comprehensive management framework for firefighting operations. These problems motivate the use of new technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the capability to transport extinguishing materials and reach remote zones. Forest fire management in remote regions can also benefit from blockchain technology (BC) due to the facilitation of decentralization, tamper-proofing, immutability, and mission recording in distributed ledgers. This study proposed an integrated drone-based blockchain framework in which the network users or nodes include drones, drone controllers, firefighters, and managers. In this distributed network, all nodes can have access to data; therefore, the flow of data exchange is smooth and challenges on spatial distance are minimized. The research concluded with a discussion on constraints and opportunities in integrating blockchain with other new technologies to manage forest fires in remote regions.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; smart contract; drone; forest fire

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.3390/drones6110331

【Author】 Hameed, Hira Zafar, Nazir Ahmad Alkhammash, Eman H. Hadjouni, Myriam

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-供应链

【Abstract】In modern society, the food supply chain management system has become an important research area realized nationally and internationally, which has established a collaborative relationship between producers, manufacturers, processors and retailers. Now, consumers are more interested in food quality, safety and the authentication of the products. Food safety has become an important issue in public health in the food market because people of all types and races around the world are affected due its poor quality. The traditional supply chains are centralized and face different issues such as lack of transparency, accountability and audit ability. The general issues in supply chain management include lack of communication, trust among the stakeholders, and interference of entities and wastage of food. A lot of work has been completed by researchers to address the above issues, but still, there is a need for effective mechanisms for the modeling of supply chain management systems. In this paper, a trusted, self-organized, traceable formal system based on blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) is developed by using wireless sensors networks and finite automata. In the proposed model, smart contracts are designed to assure the automated payment procedures. The proposed model reduced the need for centralized authority. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to realize the requirements, and automata is used to capture behavior of the system. A blockchain-based model is used to provides the privacy and security mechanism for the transitions record. Wireless sensors are used to sense the information, and actors are used for decision making in case of any violation in the contact. A lot of work has been completed by researchers on smart contracts. Different smart contracts are designed to achieve the better traceability among producers, transporter/logistics and consumers. Our system provides the smart contract algorithm to show the interaction of entities in the food supply chain management system. Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL) is used to describe the formal system and the VDM-SL toolbox is used for the validation and analysis of the system.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; IoT; smart contract; formal method; validation; VDM-SL; centralized; trusted

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.3390/su142114202

【Author】 Li, Jingjing Rao, Xinge Li, Xianyi Guan, Sihai

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】In recent years, the bitcoin market has developed rapidly and has been recognized as a new type of gold by many investors. It may replace gold as a hedge against inflation and become a new investment asset for financial management. The investment relationship with gold has increasingly important research value and practical significance. This paper modeled daily price flow data from 11 September 2016 to 10 September 2021 to help market traders determine whether they need to buy, hold, or sell assets in their portfolios daily. The model predicts price fluctuations through linear regression prediction of machine learning, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. In the linear regression prediction, the goodness of fit of gold is 89.44%, and the goodness of fit of Bitcoin is 98.43%. In the test set prediction of KNN algorithm, the goodness of fit of gold is 97.25%, and the goodness of fit of Bitcoin is 95.06%. Based on this, the optimal investment strategy and the initial investment value are obtained. Empirical analysis shows that bitcoin price volatility and gold price volatility have a strong substitution effect; gold and currency used will be a suitable combination of hedging, which will bring momentum for the development of the market economy and become an important force in the sustainable development of a high-quality-driven economy.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】gold; bitcoin; linear regression prediction; KNN

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.3390/su142114659

【Author】 Lo, Shih-Che Tsai, Hung-Hsu

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-教育领域

【Abstract】Background: Climate change causes devastating impacts with extreme weather conditions, such as flooding, polar ice caps melting, sea level rise, and droughts. Environmental conservation education is an important and ongoing project nowadays for all governments in the world. In this paper, a novel 3D virtual reality architecture in the metaverse (VRAM) is proposed to foster water resources education using modern information technology. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed to observe a comparison between learning involving VRAM and learning without VRAM. The 3D VRAM multimedia content comes from a picture book for learning environmental conservation concepts, based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning to enhance human cognition. Learners wear VRAM helmets to run VRAM Android apps by entering the immersive environment for playing and/or interacting with 3D VRAM multimedia content in the metaverse. They shake their head to move the interaction sign to initiate interactive actions, such as replaying, going to consecutive video clips, displaying text annotations, and replying to questions when learning soil-and-water conservation course materials. Interactive portfolios of triggering actions are transferred to the cloud computing database immediately by the app. Results: Experimental results showed that participants who received instruction involving VRAM had significant improvement in their flow experience, learning motivation, learning interaction, self-efficacy, and presence in learning environmental conservation concepts. Conclusions: The novel VRAM is highly suitable for multimedia educational systems. Moreover, learners' interactive VRAM portfolios can be analyzed by big-data analytics to understand behaviors for using VRAM in the future to improve the quality of environmental conservation education.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】virtual reality; cognitive theory; interactive VR portfolios; metaverse

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22218329

【Author】 Alnuaimi, Eiman Alsafi, Mariam Alshehhi, Maitha Debe, Mazin Salah, Khaled Yaqoob, Ibrar Zemerly, M. Jamal Jayaraman, Raja

【Source】PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS CCF-C

【影响因子】3.488

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-环保领域

【Abstract】Industrialization and the rapid increase in the world population have led to the generation of a large amount of plastic waste. Efficient recycling of such waste and fairly rewarding the general public for their services and efforts are two challenging problems. A large portion of today's systems and technologies that are leveraged for managing plastic waste disposal processes and rewarding people for their services fall short of providing transparency, traceability, reliability, security, and trust features. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution for managing and tracking recyclable plastic waste using the Ethereum blockchain, along with decentralized storage technology to handle massive volumes of data. Our proposed solution also introduces a reward scheme for people to honor their efforts. Also, our proposed solution establishes trust and accountability among stakeholders who typically participate in the waste management system and also ensures fair reward practices. We present the system architecture along with full implementation and testing details. For better usability, we deploy a decentralized application (DApp) on top of the smart contracts. We evaluate the proposed solution's functionality and performance using security and cost analyses and compare it with the existing solutions. Our results demonstrate that adopting a blockchain-based approach reduces inefficiencies and is an economical and commercially viable solution. We also make the smart contracts' code publicly available on GitHub.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Ethereum; Smart Contracts; Plastic Waste Management; Recyclable Waste; Rewarding Systems; Tracking and Traceability

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1007/s12083-022-01413-5

【Author】 Liu, Dan Jiang, Kezheng Yan, Linfang Ji, Xiaotong Cao, Kan Xiong, Ping

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-电力领域

【Abstract】Uncertainties of intermittent renewables and complexities of load demands bring challenges to the optimal operation of the microgrid. This paper proposes a fully distributed method based on the consensus algorithm for solving the economic dispatch problem (EDP) of DC microgrids. The proposed distributed method is performed using a multiagent system. It only needs information from neighboring agents and does not need a central controller. A two-level control structure is adopted to realize the economic dispatch and voltage regulation simultaneously. The upper level obtains the optimal power reference of dispatchable agents and maintains the power balance of the system. The lower level performs an improved droop control to track the power reference and regulate the average bus voltage for the microgrid. The proposed method's properties and convergence are analyzed using eigenvalue perturbation theory to obtain a faster convergence speed. By designing the adjacency matrix appropriately, the proposed method can ensure the system stable when the communication topology changes. Finally, several simulations are designed to verify the effectiveness of this novel control method.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】DC microgrid; economic dispatch; consensus algorithm; renewable generation

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3221435

【Author】 De Oliveira, Marcela Tuler Reis, Lucio Henrik Amorim Verginadis, Yiannis Mattos, Diogo Menezes Ferrazani Olabarriaga, Silvia Delgado

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】Cross-organisation data sharing is challenging because all the involved organisations must agree on 'how' and 'why' the data is processed. Due to a lack of transparency, the organisations need to trust that others comply with the agreements and regulations. We propose to exploit blockchain and smart contracts technologies to define an Attribute-Based Access Control System for cross-organisation medical records sharing, coined SmartAccess. SmartAccess offers joint agreement over access policies and dynamic access control besides blockchain transparency and auditability. We leverage the Attribute-Based Access Control model to implement smart contracts. We deploy and test them on a private and permissioned blockchain, transforming the access control process into a distributed smart contract execution. This paper proposes the SmartAccess system and its application in two healthcare use cases. We introduce the threat model and perform a security analysis of the system. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal, we implement a proof-of-concept of the smart contracts, written in Solidity language, with a size-efficient policy representation, and analyse the complexity and scalability of the contracts' functions. Furthermore, we present performance results, measuring the latency and throughput of the transactions to execute the access control functions with different blockchain network consensus setups. We also compare the performance of the SmartAccess system against two open-source Solidity implementations of smart contract-based access control, Role-based Access Control and Access Control List. Finally, we discuss the strengths and drawbacks of our proposal. SmartAccess requires the overhead of a decentralised system, but the trade-off is transparency, regulation compliance and auditability for complex cross-organisation data sharing.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Attribute-based access control; blockchain; cross-organisation security; electronic medical records; GDPR; healthcare information system; smart contracts

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3217201

【Author】 Li, Ruiguang Zhu, Jiawei Xu, Dawei Wu, Fudong Gao, Jiaqi Zhu, Liehuang

【Source】CHINA COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】3.170

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-社会网络

【Abstract】Bitcoin has made an increasing impact on the world's economy and financial order, which attracted extensive attention of researchers and regulators from all over the world. Most previous studies had focused more on the transaction layer, but less on the network layer. In this paper, we developed BNS(Bitcoin Network Sniffer), which could find and connect nodes in the Bitcoin network, and made a measurement in detail. We collected nearly 4.1 million nodes in 1.5 hours and identified 9,515 reachable nodes. We counted the reachable nodes' properties such as: service type, port number, client version and geographic distribution. In addition, we analyzed the stability of the reachable nodes in depth and found nearly 60% kept stable during 15 days. Finally, we proposed a new approach to infer the Bitcoin network topology by analyzing the Neighbor Addresses of Adjacent Nodes and their timestamps, which had an accuracy over 80%.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin network; reachable nodes; node properties; node stability; network topology

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】

【Author】 Mhamdi, Halima Ayadi, Manel Ksibi, Amel Al-Rasheed, Amal Soufiene, Ben Othman Hedi, Sakli

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】A medical record is an important part of a patient's follow-up. It comprises healthcare professionals' views, prescriptions, analyses, and all information about the patient. Several players, including the patient, the doctor, and the pharmacist, are involved in the process of sharing, and managing this file. Any authorized individual can access the electronic medical record (EMR) from anywhere, and the data are shared among various health service providers. Sharing the EMR requires various conditions, such as security and confidentiality. However, existing medical systems may be exposed to system failure and malicious intrusions, making it difficult to deliver dependable services. Additionally, the features of these systems represent a challenge for centralized access control methods. This paper presents SEMRAchain a system based on Access control (Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)) and a smart contract approach. This fusion enables decentralized, fine-grained, and dynamic access control management for EMR management. Together, blockchain technology as a secure distributed ledger and access control provides such a solution, providing system stakeholders with not just visibility but also trustworthiness, credibility, and immutability.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; smart contract; role-based access control; attribute-based access control; electronic medical record; multi-agents-system

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11213617

【Author】 Wang, Jiqian Ma, Feng Bouri, Elie Guo, Yangli

【Source】JOURNAL OF FORECASTING

【影响因子】2.627

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-价格预测

【Abstract】Academic research relies heavily on exogenous drivers to improve the forecasting accuracy of Bitcoin volatility. The present study provides additional insight into the role of both macroeconomic and technical indicators in forecasting the realized volatility of Bitcoin. Using 17 famous macroeconomic variables and 18 technical indicators between December 2011 and April 2021, the results reveal that the shrinkage methods, including elastic net and LASSO, can powerfully extract predictive information from macroeconomic and technical indicators. We further investigate the forecasting power of macroeconomic factors and technical indicators in terms of variable selection, business cycle, and volatility levels, and the results show strong evidence that the macroeconomic indicators (namely, S&P 500 realized volatility, global real economic activity index, and trade-weighted USD index return) are the most frequently selected by shrinkage method, suggesting that their ability to forecast Bitcoin volatility is stronger than that of technical indicators. However, technical indicators are more powerful in forecasting Bitcoin volatility during the low volatility state.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】economic indicators; exogenous drivers; forecasting Bitcoin volatility; shrinkage method; technical indicators

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1002/for.2930

【Author】 Rudys, Valentinas Svogun, Daniel

【Source】APPLIED ECONOMICS

【影响因子】1.916

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】Most of the literature on life cycle investment portfolio analysis focuses on the allocation between risky stocks and safe bonds. We introduce a new risky asset class, cryptocurrency, to a standard consumption-investment life cycle model. Our model suggests that the optimal investment profile in cryptocurrencies declines with age. Young investors mainly invest in cryptocurrency. As age and wealth increase, investors transition to mostly stocks mid-career and mostly bonds in retirement. A welfare analysis shows significant utility losses from not participating in the cryptocurrency market or not adjusting cryptocurrency portfolio shares throughout the life cycle.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Portfolio allocation; life cycle; cryptocurrency; bitcoin; saving; investing

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1080/00036846.2022.2139810

【Author】 Tubino, Rafael Ramos Robardet, Celine Cazabet, Remy

【Source】DATA & KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING

【影响因子】1.500

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】Bitcoin is the most widely used crypto-currency, and one of the most studied. Thanks to the open nature of the Blockchain, transaction records are freely accessible and can be analyzed by anyone. The first step in most analytics work is to group anonymous addresses into a set of addresses, called aggregates, that are meant to correspond to unique actors. In this paper, we propose new methods to discover more accurate address aggregates using supervised learning. We introduce a way to create a labeled training set based on reliable heuristics and external information, and propose two methods. The first method automatically finds address aggregates from a set of transactions. The second one improves an address aggregate of a target actor by specializing the training for a single actor. We empirically validate our results on large-scale datasets. A striking result of our analysis is that training a model to recognize the change addresses of a particular actor is more efficient than using a larger dataset that does not target that particular actor. In doing so, we clearly show the feasibility and interest of supervised machine learning to identify Bitcoin actors.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Machine learning application; Blockchain actor identification

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.datak.2022.102094

【Author】 Milunovich, George Lee, Seung Ah

【Source】ECONOMICS LETTERS

【影响因子】1.469

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】We investigate the impact on Bitcoin returns arising from cyberattacks on digital exchanges over the 2012-2021 period. In particular, we test the hypothesis that Bitcoin experiences lower returns on the dates associated with cybersecurity breaches of cryptocurrency exchanges. We find a negative and statistically significant impact where Bitcoin price declines by about 1.513 percent on the cyberattack days. However, a subsample analysis suggests that while the estimated effect is somewhat larger over the 2012-2018 period, it has lessened and become statistically insignificant in the more recent 2019-2021 subsample.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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【Keywords】Bitcoin; Cryptocurrency exchange breach; Cyberattack; GARCH

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110893

【Author】 Grinbaum, Alexei Adomaitis, Laurynas

【Source】NANOETHICS

【影响因子】1.333

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】Are digital subjects in virtual reality morally equivalent to human subjects? We divide this problem into two questions bearing, respectively, on cognitive and emotional equivalence. Typically, cognitive equivalence does not hold due to the lack of substantialist indistinguishability, but emotional equivalence applies: digital subjects endowed with face or language elicit emotional responses on a par with real-world pleasure, desire, horror, or fear. This is sufficient for projecting moral traits on avatars in the metaverse or on dialog systems based on large language models. Our main case study is a chatbot trained on the chat history between a Canadian man and his deceased fiancee. To demonstrate emotional equivalence and the mechanism of moral transfer, we compare digital devices with the functioning of oracles in a story by Plutarch and in a narrative that draws on the book of Genesis. Finally, we note that, along with the projections of ethical issues, humans also tend to bring real-world solutions of moral conundrums into extended reality. We argue that the lack of cognitive equivalence makes such projections problematic as they lead to overpolicing and a sanitized metaverse.

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【Keywords】Ethics; Virtual reality; Extended reality; Artificial intelligence; Chatbot; Affective computing

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1007/s11569-022-00426-x

【Author】 Donets, Pol Krynytska, Nataliya

【Source】AMERICAN, BRITISH AND CANADIAN STUDIES

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】The article focuses on the evolution of cyberspace from a myth-critical perspective: the presence of irrational and fantasy elements in seemingly rational and scientific cyberpunk as a subgenre of hard science fiction. Our research primarily focuses on two significant works: William Gibson's Sprawl trilogy (1984-1988), an icon of early cyberpunk, and Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash (1992), a switch to postcyberpunk. Moreover, we consider the other works of a broad genre of cyberpunk including The Matrix movies and conclude that the cyberpunk of the 1980s and 1990s presented cyberspace as an enchanted Terra incognita and blurred the line between rationality and irrationality, technology and magic. Emerging as a way of escaping the real world, as hope for immortality, transcendence or transgression (Foucault), the cyberpunk `matrix' followed in the footsteps of fantasy, myth, religion, and utopia. In our view, the postcyberpunk `Metaverse' of the 1990s is more ironical and `realistic' as it appears, and the more familiar and routine the cyberspace became to people, the less romantic and mysterious it turned out to be. Nevertheless, the nostalgic attempts to return to the old, fantasy model of cyberspace were made in postcyberpunk almost immediately after its emergence.

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【Keywords】science fiction; fantasy; cyberpunk; transhumanism; postcyberpunk; cyberspace; Matrix; Metaverse

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.2478/abcsj-2022-0005

【Author】 Ramallal, Pablo Martin Cardenas-Rica, Maria Luisa

【Source】PRISMA SOCIAL

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-传媒领域

【Abstract】Political journalism is a major player and one of the democratizing pillars of the fourth estate. The metaverse opens new frontiers to the so-called immersive journalism. The article addresses with this incipient narrative in order to verify its hypothetical penetration and viability within Communication. The research questions whether virtual reality in its advanced version, the so-called metaverse, is perceived by the press sector as a valuable resource and whether it will have an impact on forms and styles related to politics or, on the contrary, is the result of the technophilia inherent in hypermodernity. The methodology generates a state of the art through case studies and/or experimental situations presented as journalistic sources. To resolve the frictions of the case studies, a heuristic Likert-based focus group is convened. Lines such as platform capitalism and other issues related to the validity of virtual reality as a political cybersource converge in the discussion. The conclusions reveal the informational potential of this promising discourse with the necessary qualities to mutate this field, social action and even the political space, just as the Internet has already done.

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【Keywords】Metaverse; journalistic source; cybersource; political journalism; virtual reality; immersive journalism

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-12-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.5487/annals.5487