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2022年07月25日 29篇

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Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Blockchain-Assisted Software Defined Industrial Energy Market

【Author】 Cao, Yifan Ren, Xiaoxu Qiu, Chao Wang, Xiaofei

CCF-C

【影响因子】11.648

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】Energy Internet (EI) is developing and booming rapidly with the increase of distributed energy resources, which is beneficial to address the severe condition of industrial energy. However, there are inevitable credit crises and utility optimization challenges in EI that need to be settled. In this article, we propose a blockchain-assisted software defined energy Internet (BSDEI), where a distributed energy market smart contract is designed to ensure transactions executed reliably and participants' accounts dealt accurately. In order to jointly optimize the utilities of operators, retailers, and industrial prosumers in BSDEI, we formulate the whole trading process as a three-stage Stackelberg game, with the proof of existence and uniqueness for the Stackelberg equilibrium. Then, we design a hierarchical distributed policy gradient algorithm to solve the Stackelberg game under incomplete information. We implement a blockchain-based industrial energy trading system using a middleware platform. The smart contract is deployed on the consortium blockchain, providing website interfaces for participants to operate. Furthermore, we conduct experiments for analyzing economic benefits. Our system prototype demonstrates the feasibility of BSDEI and the algorithm exceeds about 18% in total mean reward than comparing algorithms.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Games; Blockchains; Smart contracts; Software; Costs; Optimization; Reinforcement learning; Blockchain; industrial energy market; reinforcement learning; software defined network (SDN); Stackelberg game

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】 10.1109/TII.2022.3140878

Blockchain in construction management: Applications, advantages and limitations

【Author】 Mahmudnia, Dena Arashpour, Mehrdad Yang, Rebecca

【影响因子】10.517

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-建筑领域

【Abstract】Blockchain technology (BCT) has been implemented in different industries, including healthcare, manufacturing and construction. Integrating recent technologies such as the internet of things (IoT), building information modeling (BIM), and artificial intelligence with BCT creates the potential for overcoming many limitations within the construction industry. Blockchain smart contracts, for example, can solve problems related to traditional contract forms. In construction projects, smart contracts based on BCT can enhance payment transparency, protect transaction histories, and provide secure access to information. Since BCT platforms are decentralized, reducing unnecessary bureaucracy will improve open communications, and BCT application can prevent disputes rooted in communication issues, inaccurate documentation, and payment problems. This study focuses on reviewing BCT characteristics to evaluate impacts on mitigating disputes. Based on a systematic review of the publications, a comprehensive classification of blockchain-enabled applications in managing construction disputes is presented. This review identifies gaps in research and opportunities for future studies in the construction domain.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Artificial intelligence (AI); Blockchain technologies; Building information modeling; Construction and infrastructure; Contractual disputes; Project stakeholders; Review article; Smart contracts

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104379

Secure and Personalized Edge Computing Services in 6G Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks

【Author】 Hui, Yilong Cheng, Nan Su, Zhou Huang, Yuanhao Zhao, Pincan Luan, Tom H. Li, Changle

CCF-C

【影响因子】10.238

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-边缘计算

【Abstract】The customization of edge computing services is one of the key research fields in sixth-generation (6G) heterogeneous vehicular networks (HetVNETs). With various personalized requirements of vehicles on computation-intensive applications, how to explore the heterogeneous computing resources in the 6G HetVNETs to guarantee vehicles with the customized Quality of Experience (QoE), therefore, becomes a challenge. In this article, we develop a novel secure scheme to provide personalized edge computing services for moving vehicles (MVs) in 6G HetVNETs. In the scheme, a smart-contract-based secure edge computing architecture is designed by jointly considering the attack models and the characteristics of the 6G network infrastructures (e.g., satellites, drones, base stations, and roadside units), where each network infrastructure manages a number of parking vehicles to complete computing services collaboratively. With this architecture, based on the available computing resources owned by different network infrastructures, the collaborative computing resource allocation algorithm is designed to help each network infrastructure decide a customized service strategy (CSS) to satisfy the QoE of MVs. After deciding the CSSs, a model based on the second price-sealed auction is formulated to describe the competition among the network infrastructures, where the Nash equilibrium of the game is obtained to guide their optimal bidding strategies to obtain the chance for completing the services. The security analysis and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can defend against the attacks and lead to a lower cost for completing the services than the conventional schemes.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】6G mobile communication; Edge computing; Computational modeling; Task analysis; Quality of experience; Satellites; Drones; Game theory; personalized edge computing; sixth-generation (6G) heterogeneous vehicular networks (HetVNETs); smart contract; space-air-ground-integrated networks (SAGINs)

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3065970

Blockchain-Based Cross-Domain Authentication for Intelligent 5G-Enabled Internet of Drones

【Author】 Feng, Chaosheng Liu, Bin Guo, Zhen Yu, Keping Qin, Zhiguang Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond

CCF-C

【影响因子】10.238

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-无人机领域

【Abstract】While 5G can facilitate high-speed Internet access and make over-the-horizon control a reality for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs; also known as drones), there are also potential security and privacy considerations, for example, authentication among drones. Centralized authentication approaches not only suffer from a single point of failure but they are also incapable of cross-domain authentication. This complicates the cooperation of drones from different domains. To address these limitations, a blockchain-based cross-domain authentication scheme for intelligent 5G-enabled Internet of drones is proposed in this article. Our approach employs multiple signatures based on threshold sharing to build an identity federation for collaborative domains. This allows us to support domain joining and exiting. Reliable communication between cross-domain devices is achieved by utilizing smart contract for authentication. The session keys are negotiated to secure subsequent communication between two parties. Our security and performance evaluations show that the proposed scheme is resistant to common attacks targeting Internet of Things (IoT) devices (including drones), as well as demonstrating its effectiveness and efficiency.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Authentication; Drones; Security; Smart contracts; Peer-to-peer computing; 5G mobile communication; 5G-enabled drone; artificial intelligence (AI); blockchain; cross-domain authentication; distributed collaboration; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3113321

Blockchain and central bank digital currency

【Author】 Zhang, Tao Huang, Zhigang

【影响因子】4.754

【主题类别】

区块链技术-平台项目-数字货币

【Abstract】With the development of blockchain and digital currencies, central banks all over the world are accelerating the process of CBDC development. However, it is still controversial on adoption of blockchain in CBDC design. In the paper, we analyze both functional and non-functional requirements of CBDC design, and make a literature review on blockchain based CBDC schemes. Analysis findings show that permissioned blockchain is more suitable for CBDC than permissionless blockchain. Besides, there are some challenges in blockchain based CBDC, such as performance, scalability, and cross-chain interoperability. Our analysis is timely and can provide guidelines for blockchain based CBDC design. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Central bank digital currency; CBDC; Fiat money; Distributed ledger; Blockchain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1016/j.icte.2021.09.014

Exploiting European GNSS and Ethereum in location proof systems

【Author】 Lax, Gianluca Russo, Antonia

【影响因子】4.606

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-交通领域

【Abstract】Location-Based Services (LBSs) are essential in many application contexts like ride-sharing or navigation apps. There are cases where users could gain an advantage by submitting fake locations. The problem faced in this paper concerns the possibility that the geographic location declared by a user is not the actual location in which the user is placed. Some solutions are based on centralized or distributed verification in the literature, and other solutions are based on witnesses or infrastructure. In this paper, we highlight the limitations of such approaches and propose a new scheme that exploits signals coming from satellites to provide trustworthy location proofs, also respecting users' privacy. The proposed approach is decentralized because location proofs are stored by users in a suitably-encrypted way, and a blockchain is adopted to guarantee data integrity and authenticity. We show that the proposed approach overcomes the state of the art through a detailed analysis.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Localization; location privacy; location-based services; blockchain; Galileo

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1080/17538947.2022.2087775

Sentiment spillover and price dynamics: Information flow in the cryptocurrency and stock market

【Author】 Caferra, Rocco

【影响因子】3.778

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】This study examines the sentiment-returns relationship in both stock (S & P500) and cryptocurrency (Bitcoin) markets. An explorative wavelet analysis evidences period of episodic interconnectedness across different data frequencies. Therefore, Transfer Entropy (ET) measures remark the relative statistical significance, frequently outperforming traditional (VAR) estimates. In particular, ET methods successfully identify the mediating role of sentiments in connecting the two different markets. Hence, it is discussed how the potential cryptocurrencies indirect linkage with real economy moves through market sentiments. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Cryptocurrencies; Information diffusion; Sentiment; Financial market

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1016/j.physa.2022.126983

Exploration of Mined Block Temporarily Holding and Enforce Fork Attacks by Selfish Mining Pool in Proof-of-Work Blockchain Systems

【Author】 Wen, Yean-Fu Huang, Chun-Yu

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-挖矿策略

【Abstract】We explored mined block temporarily holding (MBTH), MBTH with enforce fork (MBTH-EF), and intermittent MBTH-EF (iMBTH-EF) attacks to understand the effect of selfish mining on winning rate and fairness from the pool operation perspective. The temporary holding time of the current mined block provides a pool additional time to begin mining the next block early with MBTH attack. In this situation, the winning probability increases for the next block, but the pool may risk losing the mined block. One enhanced method to maintain the winning probability of the held block is to ensure the holding pool sends out the mined block once it receives the mined block message from the other pools with the MBTH-EF attack. The explored MBTH attacks differ from the existing selfish miner and pool attacks. The operations and effects of the MBTH-EF attack are different from stubborn mining strategies and a self-holding attack integrates selfish and stubborn mining attacks. We propose a mining competition solution that does not involve actual hash calculation. It entails using one stochastic target hash value for batch racing simulation to evaluate the holding threshold, holding periods, mining time, mining difficulty, pool sizes, and the rate of fork occurrences according to the operation data of the Bitcoin system. Accordingly, the dynamic time-by-time, block-by-block, and pool-by-pool simulations are adopted to study these attacks. We analyzed MBTH and MBTH-EF attacks as well as evaluated the effects of the win rate on when and how long a block is held. Because the periodic adjustment of mining difficulty reduces the holding effect, we further evaluated how an intermittent MBTH-EF (iMBTH-EF) attack model balance the average mining time and mining difficulty according to the mining difficulty adjustment of a stage. The effect of intermittent holding is examined on the mining game win rate for a long-term competition. We also identified suitable attack detection methods for the future work according to the simulation results.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Data mining; Blockchains; Games; Bitcoin; Simulation; Licenses; Delays; Attack model; blockchain; consensus; fork; selfish mining; simulation; temporarily holding

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3181186

Mapping the Knowledge on Blockchain Technology in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis

【Author】 Yang, Jinglan Ma, Chaoqun Li, Dengjia Liu, Jianghuai

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链治理-元分析-领域分析

【Abstract】Blockchain technology is gaining momentum in business and management (B&M) field for its decentralization, automation, unalterability and traceability. Yet, despite such a wide range of applications, there is little literature that integrates the history and evolution of blockchain. To this end, this study combines science mapping and bibliometric analysis of 696 articles published between 2015 and 2021 obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. By drawing the reference co-citation map, bibliographic coupling map and co-word map with CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools, we identify the foundational themes, current status, and future research directions of blockchain literature in B&M. The results indicate that the blockchain research evolves from decentralized transaction and smart contract, and future research is focusing on the role of blockchain in financial risk management, organizational structure and the digital transformation of society.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Business; Production; Market research; Couplings; Software; Visualization; Business and management; blockchain technology; bibliographic coupling; co-citation analysis; co-word analysis; science mapping

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3179714

A New Hybrid Cryptocurrency Returns Forecasting Method Based on Multiscale Decomposition and an Optimized Extreme Learning Machine Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm

【Author】 Du, Xiaoxu Tang, Zhenpeng Wu, Junchuan Chen, Kaijie Cai, Yi

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】The return series of cryptocurrencies, which are emerging digital assets, exhibit nonstationarity, nonlinearity, and volatility clustering compared to other traditional financial markets, making them exceptionally difficult to forecast. Therefore, accurate cryptocurrency price forecasting is essential for market participants and regulators. It has been demonstrated that improved data forecasting accuracy can be achieved through decomposition, but few researchers have performed information extraction on the residual series generated by data decomposition. Based on the construction of a "decomposition-optimization-integration" hybrid model framework, in this paper, we propose a multi-scale hybrid forecasting model that combines the residual components after primary decomposition for secondary decomposition and integration. This model uses the variational modal decomposition (VMD) method to decompose the original return series into a finite number of components and residual terms. Then, the residual terms are decomposed, and the features are extracted using the completed ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) method. The components are predicted by an extreme learning machine optimized by the sparrow search algorithm, and the final predictions are summed to obtain the final results. Forecasts for the returns of Bitcoin and Ethereum, which are significant cryptocurrency assets, are compared with other benchmark models constructed based on different ideas. We find that the proposed quadratic decomposition VMD-Res.-CEEMDAN-SSA-ELM hybrid model demonstrates the optimal and most stable forecasting performance in both one-step and multi-step ahead prediction of the cryptocurrency return series.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Predictive models; Cryptocurrency; Forecasting; Data models; Prediction algorithms; Time series analysis; Solid modeling; Cryptocurrency; model selection; decomposition-ensemble; extreme learning machine; sparrow search algorithm

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3179364

Toward Trustworthy DeFi Oracles: Past, Present, and Future

【Author】 Zhao, Yinjie Kang, Xin Li, Tieyan Chu, Cheng-Kang Wang, Haiguang

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-DeFi

【Abstract】With the rapid development of blockchain technology in recent years, all kinds of blockchain-based applications have emerged. Among them, the decentralized finance (DeFi) is one of the most successful applications, which is regarded as the future of finance. The great success of DeFi relies on the real-world data which is not directly available on the blockchain. However, due to the deterministic nature of blockchain, the blockchain cannot directly obtain indeterministic data from the outside world (off-chain). Thus, oracles have appeared as a viable solution to feed off-chain data to blockchain applications. In this paper, we carry out a comprehensive study on oracles, especially on DeFi oracles. We first briefly introduce the application scenarios of DeFi oracles, and then we talk about the past of DeFi oracles by categorizing them into several types based on their design features. After that, we introduce five popular DeFi oracles currently in use (such as Chainlink and Band Protocol), with the focus on their system architecture, data validation process, and their incentive mechanisms. Then, we compare these present DeFi oracles from their data trustworthiness, data source trustworthiness and their overall trust models. Finally, we propose a set of metrics for designing trustworthiness DeFi oracles, and propose a potential trust architecture and a few promising techniques for building future trustworthiness oracles.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Insurance; Soft sensors; Feeds; Flowcharts; Finance; Smart contracts; DeFi; oracles; blockchain; trustworthiness

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3179374

Selfish Mining and Defending Strategies in the Bitcoin br

【Author】 Zhang, Weijian Wang, Hao Hua, Hao Wang, Qirun

【影响因子】3.401

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-挖矿策略

【Abstract】As a kind of distributed, decentralized and peer-to-peer transmittedtechnology, blockchain technology has gradually changed people's lifestyle.However, blockchain technology also faces many problems including selfishmining attack, which causes serious effects to the development of blockchaintechnology. Selfish mining is a kind of mining strategy where selfish minersincrease their profit by selectively publishing hidden blocks. This paper buildsthe selfish mining model from the perspective of node state conversion and utilizethe function extremum method tofigure out the optimal profit of this model.Meanwhile, based on the experimental data of honest mining, the author conductsthe simulation of selfish mining and discovers that selfish miners are able toacquire more revenue than honest miners when they account for more than1/3 computing power of the whole system. Lastly, to defend the selfish miningattack, the author also summarizes the existing defending strategies and evaluatesevery kind of strategy briefly.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin; blockchain; selfish mining; markov chain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】 10.32604/iasc.2022.030274

Blockchain-Enabled Digital Rights Management for Museum-Digital Property Rights br

【Author】 Zhao, Liutao Zhang, Jiawan Jing, Hairong

【影响因子】3.401

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-NFT

【Abstract】With the rapid development of digitization technology, digital copyrightof museum has become more and more valuable. Its collections can be opened toand shared with the people through the Internet. However, centralized authoriza-tion, untransparent transaction information and risk of tampering data in tradi-tional digital rights management have a strong impact on system normaloperation. In this paper, we proposed a blockchain-based digital rights manage-ment scheme (BMDRM) that realizes a distributed digital rights managementand authorization system by introducing non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and smartcontracts. To ensure the security and efficiency of transactions and authorization,we store all processing data in a high-security distributed ledger based on crypto-graphic signatures. We test our scheme on Ethereum private network and theexperimental results show that BMDRM is feasible and secure for digital rightsmanagement in museums.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Museum; blockchain; non-fungible tokens (NFTS); smart contract; digital rights management (DRM)

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.32604/iasc.2022.029693

Redactable Blockchain Trust Scheme Based on Reputation Consensus for MEC

【Author】 Tang, YongLi Wu, Shuai Wang, XiaoJun

【影响因子】3.120

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-边缘计算

【Abstract】Blockchain technology can build trust, reduce costs, and accelerate transactions in the mobile edge computing (MEC) and manage computing resources using the smart contract. However, the immutability of blockchain also poses challenges for the MEC, such as the smart contract with bugs cannot be modified or deleted. We propose a redactable blockchain trust scheme based on reputation consensus and a one-way trapdoor function in response to the problem that data on the blockchain, which is an error or invalid needs to be modified or deleted. The scheme calculates each user's reputation based on their currency age and behavior. The SM2 asymmetric cryptography algorithm is used as the one-way trapdoor function to construct a new Merkle tree structure, which guarantees the legitimacy of the modification or deletion after verification and vote. The simulation experiments show that the modification or deletion does not change the existing blockchain structure and the links of blocks. Furthermore, the consensus verification accurately passes after the modification or deletion operations, which indicates the proposed scheme is feasible.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/3269445

Development and Supervision of Financial Technology Based on Blockchain

【Author】 Yang, Rui

【影响因子】3.120

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-金融领域

【Abstract】Decentralization, stability, security, and immutability are all features of blockchain technology. Blockchain, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin's digital monetary system, is currently sweeping the globe. Blockchain is a revolutionary decentralized database technology that employs encryption, a timestamp chain data structure, a distributed consensus mechanism, and other technologies to achieve decentralization, tamper resistance, easy tracking, and programmable smart contracts. In the face of rising financial technology, we must maintain inclusive, technological, and invasive regulatory principles that not only foster financial innovation, but also conduct dynamic supervision to avoid systemic financial hazards. The consensus algorithm is one of the main blockchain technologies that has a direct impact on the system's functioning. As a result, in this paper, we propose a blockchain-based development and supervision method for financial technology, as well as an application of this technology to commercial settlement, which can significantly reduce data complexity, time consumption, and the structural chain phenomenon in existing transaction settlement. We bring the idea of pow competition into DPoS, construct a consensus algorithm with an upgrade mechanism, and call it delegated proof of work, based on an in-depth investigation of the working principle of pow (proof of work) (dDPoS). The blocking efficiency of the dDPoS consensus method is around one block every 10 seconds, which is significantly higher than the blocking efficiency of the POW and POS consensus algorithms. As a result, it offers a potential answer to traditional centralized institutions' concerns of high brokerage costs and insecure central storage, as well as a wide range of application possibilities.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/2615153

Comment on "Implications of Central Bank Digital Currency: The Case of China e-CNY"

【Author】 Prasad, Eswar

【影响因子】3.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 书评

【DOI】 10.1111/aepr.12382

Developments and Implications of Central Bank Digital Currency: The Case of China e-CNY

【Author】 Xu, Jianguo

【影响因子】3.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】China has been both active and cautious in developing a central bank digital currency (CBDC). China CBDC has been in research and development since 2014. The process speeded up in 2019. It is currently at the stage of expanding real field experiments. Residents in 11 areas can open e-wallets linked to nine major banks. It is centralized digital cash designed to gradually replace traditional paper cash and coins (M0). It will be supported by the traditional double-layer banking system. It is not blockchain based at issuance but is technology neutral in distribution. Internet and technology companies may join commercial banks in distributing the China CBDC. In the short run, the China CBDC will help improve domestic financial monitoring and policy implementation. In the long run, it may play a role in the RMB's internationalization or even the international monetary system's evolution.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】CBDC; digital currency; financial regulation; international monetary system; RMB internationalization; E40; E42

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1111/aepr.12396

Graph-Based LSTM for Anti-money Laundering: Experimenting Temporal Graph Convolutional Network with Bitcoin Data

【Author】 Alarab, Ismail Prakoonwit, Simant

CCF-C

【影响因子】2.565

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-金融领域

【Abstract】Elliptic data-one of the largest Bitcoin transaction graphs-has admitted promising results in many studies using classical supervised learning and graph convolutional network models for anti-money laundering. Despite the promising results provided by these studies, only few have considered the temporal information of this dataset, wherein the results were not very satisfactory. Moreover, there is very sparse existing literature that applies active learning to this type of blockchain dataset. In this paper, we develop a classification model that combines long-short-term memory with GCN-referred to as temporal-GCN-that classifies the illicit transactions of Elliptic data using its transaction's features only. Subsequently, we present an active learning framework applied to the large-scale Bitcoin transaction graph dataset, unlike previous studies on this dataset. Uncertainties for active learning are obtained using Monte-Carlo dropout (MC-dropout) and Monte-Carlo based adversarial attack (MC-AA) which are Bayesian approximations. Active learning frameworks with these methods are compared using various acquisition functions that appeared in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, MC-AA method is the first time to be examined in the context of active learning. Our main finding is that temporal-GCN model has attained significant success in comparison to the previous studies with the same experimental settings on the same dataset. Moreover, we evaluate the performance of the provided acquisition functions using MC-AA and MC-dropout and compare the result against the baseline random sampling model.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Temporal GCN; Uncertainty estimation; Active learning; Bitcoin data; Anti-money laundering

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】 10.1007/s11063-022-10904-8

A Multipath Payment Scheme Supporting Proof of Payment

【Author】 Qian, Hangguan You, Lin

CCF-C

【影响因子】2.146

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-扩展方案

【Abstract】Blockchain technology has always been plagued by performance problems. Given this problem, many scaling schemes have been put forward. A layer 2 network is a technology that solves the performance problem of blockchain. Connected parties in this network can set up channels to send digital currency to each other. Since the interaction with the blockchain is only required when the channel is established and closed, a large number of transactions do not need to be recorded on the blockchain, thus reducing the blockchain capacity. Due to the special structure of the payment channel, the distribution of funds in the channel is often unbalanced, which limits the route payment to a certain extent. This paper improves the original payment method in the second layer network by introducing new scripts. The new payment scheme supports proof of payment which is integral to the nature of the lightning network and divides the payment into several subpayments, so the large payment can be divided into relatively small payments. Due to the capacity limitation of the payment channel, theoretically, the success rate of the micropayment route is higher. This paper tests the new payment scheme on the simulated network and validates the nature of this solution to have a high routing success rate while supporting proof of payment.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/9911915

The Concept of Wealth (mal) in the Shari ah and Its Relation to Digital Assets

【Author】 Rosele, Muhammad Ikhlas Muneem, Abdul Seman, Azizi Bin Che Abdullah, Luqman Bin Haji Rahman, Noor Naemah Binti Abdul Sukor, Mohd Edil Bin Abd Bin Ali, Abdul Karim

【影响因子】2.032

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】The study aims to address the concept of wealth from the perspective of the Shari'ah and its relationship to contemporary digital assets such as cryptocurrency (Bitcoin). The qualitative research approach is adopted for this research. The data is collected from several resources such as books, journal articles, reports, conferences papers, and websites. The data is analyzed through an explanatory research approach by providing scholars' opinions and their arguments on the subject matter. The findings of this study show that Shari'ah provides certain conditions to consider something as asset or currency from the Shari'ah perspective. In regard to cryptocurrency (Bitcoin), the Shari'ah rules vary based on the types of cryptocurrencies and whether cryptocurrency meets the conditions to be considered as currency or assets. Moreover, either cryptocurrency is an asset or currency, it should not contravene any Shari'ah laws, such as ribs (interest) and gharar (uncertainty). Since Shari'ah does not limit the currency to dirhams and dinars, Bitcoin can be considered as an alternative to the current currencies in a digital form. This would enable financial markets to move faster and secure transaction methods in the future. The policymakers might find this study beneficial to issue new guidelines and policy documents. The findings of the study might be interesting for cryptocurrency enthusiasts and investors to have a deeper understanding of cryptocurrency from the Shari'ah viewpoint.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】wealth; digital assets; Shari'ah; cryptocurrencies; Bitcoin

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1177/21582440221102424

Revolutionizing E-Commerce Using Blockchain Technology and Implementing Smart Contract

【Author】 Khan, Mohammad Monirujjaman RoJa, Nesat Tasneem Almalki, Faris A. Aljohani, Maha

CCF-C

【影响因子】1.968

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-电商领域

【Abstract】The days of storing data manually are behind us. We are opting for the online form of data storage and transfer. The new era of data digitization comes with its own perks and detriments. Cybersecurity is still a crucial concern today. As more data transfer occurs through an online medium, the risks of a breach and cyberattacks are inevitable. The whole foundation of e-commerce is based on the online transfer of goods and transactions without the need to travel. Transferring transactional data and transactions in e-commerce are prone to cyber threats. Our research's major objective is to develop a system that protects against such mishaps, especially during the transfer of transactional data, and also implement an automated system that ensures these transactions occur without any errors. To implement this, we are taking advantage of new emerging technologies called blockchain and smart contract. Blockchain allows a decentralized, immutable digital ledger to safely store and transfer data across the network. Blockchain technology is used in e-commerce to transfer transactions in a safe, secure, and faster way. Blockchain enables a peer-to-peer transaction system and data encryption that enables the safe transfer of transactional data. Blockchain is used to transfer transactional data. A smart contract is a special program that enables, verifies, and enforces the terms of a contract digitally. It provides transactional security as the contact is in place. The blockchain, coupled with smart contracts, will revolutionize the future of e-commerce. We have combined blockchain technology to ensure data security and user privacy with smart contracts to ensure that the protocol for the transaction is maintained. The results are presented by building and implementing the proposed system that provides the solution for transactional data privacy.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/2213336

A Blockchain and AI Based Vaccination Tracking Framework for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemics

【Author】 Pradhan, Nihar Ranjan Mahule, Rajesh Wamuyu, Patrick Kanyi Rathore, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Akhilendra Pratap

【影响因子】1.877

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】The Coronavirus disease, i.e. (COVID-19) pandemic outbreaks has inevitably lead to a corresponding movement restrictive measure by the members of both central and state government leadership. The current limitation of healthcare systems cannot predict the COVID-19 outbreaks and vaccination drive. The need of the hour is to use Blockchain Technology for the construction of immutable ledger. In this paper a Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled COVID-19 vaccine tracking system has been proposed. The proposed system is designed using the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), decentralized storage by Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) and implemented using Truffle and Ganache Tool. The smart contract interaction among the entities is developed with Drizzle and the front-end using ReactJS . The performance of the proposed framework has been presented with Keccack 256 transaction hash, the total number of transactions, gas consumed by each contract. Additionally the performance parameters such as latency, throughput, traffic in, out, CPU, and memory utilization of the blockchain framework are also calculated. The artificial neural network (ANN) has been used to classify the vaccination group. Such an attempt is a worthwhile addition to the state of the art as evident from the results presented herein. The proposed framework provides a way for vaccinated members of the community to be tracked and indexed so as to avail the benefits, for example, less restrictive movements nationally, internationally, or simply in their own respective communities. This paper leverages the advantages of Blockchain Technology to obtain a reliable and accurate way to facilitate the entire tracking process.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; COVID-19; Ganache; Keccack-256; Tracing; Truffle; Vaccination

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】 10.1080/03772063.2022.2058630

Cultural values and the adoption of central bank digital currency

【Author】 Luu, Hiep Ngoc Do, Dinh Dinh Pham, Thanh Ho, Viet Xuan Dinh, Quynh-Anh

【影响因子】1.287

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】This paper examines the impact of national culture on the decision of countries to adopt a central bank digital currency (CBDC). Using Hofstede's cultural framework (i.e. Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance and Long-term Orientation) to measure different cultural values, we find that countries with more power distance, masculinity and long-term orientation cultures are more eager to adopt a CBDC. By contrast, countries with a cultural value leaning towards uncertainty avoidance are less involved in the adoption of a CBDC. These results hold more for retail CBDC than for wholesale CBDC.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】National culture; central bank digital currency; wholesale CBDC; retail CBDC

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1080/13504851.2022.2089342

Digital currencies and great power rivalry: China as a disseminator in the digital age

【Author】 Slawotsky, Joel

【影响因子】0.542

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】The United States reign as global hegemon has been empowered by massive structural power over key international economic, technological and ideological networks. As chief disseminator during the era of emerging computer technology and communications, the U.S. became a rules-maker, empowered to shape international governance in its favour. However, a new era of digitalized assets, transactions and networks will provide an opportunity for Central Bank Digital Currencies ('CBDCs') to constitute the technological-financial-business bones of the developing digitalized global economy. CBDCs will exert massive influence on the international economic, technological and ideological orders. Moreover, all of these impacts are inextricably connected to the hegemonic rivalry between the United States and China. Astutely, China has been developing the digital Yuan and is the first major economy to distribute a CBDC. If China's CBDC successfully migrates to external usage, and depending upon the degree of crucial Chinese domestic reforms, the digital Yuan may offer an opportunity for China to be a disseminator in the digital age. Chinese influence over global networks and governance frameworks would vest China with advantageous structural power in the economic, technological and ideological spheres - the fulcrums of the U.S.-China hegemonic rivalry.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】CBDCs; data-driven digitalization; hegemonic rivalry; structural power; governance models

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-07-25

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.1080/10192557.2022.2085412

数字资产估值问题研究

【作者】 廖东声;

【作者单位】广西民族大学国际教育学院;

【文献来源】会计之友

【复合影响因子】3.676

【综合影响因子】0.776

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【摘要】数字经济时代,数字资产已经成为最重要、最关键的生产要素之一,是企业价值的关键驱动因素,但是关于数字资产估值的很多问题尚未解决。通过梳理学术界关于数字资产估值的相关观点,结合数字资产不同于传统资产的可长期重复使用、可保值增值等特性,探讨数字资产估值的三种传统方法,包括历史成本法、公允价值法以及应用收益法,并运用比较分析法进行研究。由于传统的数字资产估值方法都有一定的局限性,同时数字资产估值本身存在诸多难点,其价值会随着加工、用户、使用次数、市场等发生波动。因此,结合加特纳集团(Gartner Group)公司提出的数字资产特性的多重数字资产估值模型,分析数字资产估值的可能走向,为未来数字资产估值应用提供借鉴。

【关键词】数字经济;;数字资产;;估值方法;;多重估值模型

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】

【发表时间】2022-07-25

区块链技术在发展普惠金融中的应用研究——基于政银担企金融生态圈的再造

【作者】 陆岷峰;

【作者单位】中国地方金融研究院;南京工业大学互联网金融创新发展研究中心;

【文献来源】金融发展研究

【复合影响因子】1.896

【综合影响因子】0.741

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-金融领域

【摘要】基于着力解决小微企业融资难问题,经过多年努力,我国已经构建了以政府财政贴息或奖励、注资或成立担保公司,商业银行承办贷款,小微企业承接贷款的政银担企金融生态圈。但从实际运行情况看仍有很多不足,或者担保公司代偿率过高,或者小微企业仍然无法获得担保机构的担保等,其原因在于政银担企间缺少信息互通、行为互制的管理机制。区块链技术作为新一代数字技术重要手段,具有去中心化、不可篡改、可溯源、智能合约等多种功能,可以区块链技术为底层技术,以小微企业数字化为起点,构建政银担企间信息共享、行为共约的新的政银担企金融生态圈,从根本上解决小微企业应融尽融问题。同时,将商业银行和担保公司的风险降低到最低限度,促进政银担企金融生态圈的健康发展。

【关键词】小微企业;;平台;;信贷共享;;去中心化

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】 10.19647/j.cnki.37-1462/f.2022.06.010

【发表时间】2022-07-25

基于SM2签名的批验签高效实现方案

【作者】 李莉;白鹭;涂航;张标;

【作者单位】武汉大学空天信息安全与可信计算教育部重点实验室;

【文献来源】信息网络安全

【复合影响因子】1.887

【综合影响因子】0.804

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【摘要】数字货币交易需要验证多个签名,使用批验签可以缩短计算时间、降低计算负载。文章提出一种高效的SM2批验签方案,利用半标量乘法计算第一签名值对应的椭圆曲线上的点乘运算结果,使用同余多项式和结式验证批量签名的正确性。文章所提方案对点乘算法、半标量点乘算法、多参数求逆算法和结式计算进行优化设计,并在恩智浦安全智能卡控制器N7121上进行实验。实验结果表明,在系统频率为96 MHz、CPU频率和密码协处理器频率分别为48 MHz和96 MHz、密码协处理器可访问内存空间为4 kB的情况下,文章所提方案同时验签7个SM2签名的模乘数小于13000次,运行时间为128.17 ms,与逐一验证单个签名的方案相比,文章所提方案的计算速度可提升2.1倍。

【关键词】数字签名;;SM2;;批验签;;数字货币

【文献类型】 理论性文章

【DOI】

【发表时间】2022-07-25

美联储数字货币原型系统简析

【作者】 姚前;

【作者单位】中国证监会科技监管局;

【文献来源】中国金融

【复合影响因子】1.049

【综合影响因子】0.419

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【摘要】秉持开放、众智、敏捷的现代研发理念,采用包容的技术路线,探索创建高吞吐量、低延迟和富有弹性的CBDC交易处理系统近年来,全球主要经济体的货币当局不断加大对中央银行数字货币(Central Bank Digital Currency,CBDC)的研发力度并取得了诸多阶段性成果。“汉密尔顿计划”(Project Hamilton)是美国波士顿联邦储备银行与麻省理工学院合作开展的CBDC创新研究项目(Digital Currency Initiative,DCI)。这项计划已持续开展数年,2022年2月3日,美国波士顿联邦储备银行发布题为“为央行数字货币设计的高性能支付处理系统”

【关键词】央行数字货币;原型系统;比特币;汉密尔顿;交易处理系统;哈希算法;哈希值;序列号;加密货币;代码库;盲签名;美联储;重放攻击;

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】

【发表时间】2022-07-25

计及能源区块链电力碳排放权的跨链交易模型

【作者】 胡伟;夏雪;

【作者单位】上海电力大学经济与管理学院;

【文献来源】系统管理学报

【复合影响因子】

【综合影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【摘要】针对传统电力交易产生过量的碳化物且未遵循我国低碳目标等问题,在微电网中提出计及能源区块链电力碳排放权的跨链交易模型。利用跨链协议,建立联合补充的联盟机制,在实现降本增效的基础上有效控制碳配额上限;将碳因子、修正系数与碳权交易深度耦合,通过监管节点的考核价格来实施奖惩措施,发挥节能减排的作用;采用量子区块链技术,防止攻击者窃听密文或篡改数据,营造安全可信的碳权交易环境。实验结果表明:碳排放权跨链交易模型在节约运营成本、提高交易效率的同时大幅降低了碳排放量,为优化碳权交易的稳定性提供理论支撑和决策支持。

【关键词】碳排放权;;能源区块链;;跨链交易;;碳达峰碳中和;;碳因子

【文献类型】 实证性文章

【DOI】

【发表时间】2022-07-25

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