【Author】 Yang, Xu Yang, Xuechao Yi, Xun Khalil, Ibrahim Zhou, Xiaotong He, Debiao Huang, Xinyi Nepal, Surya
CCF-C
【影响因子】10.238
【主题类别】
区块链技术-密码学-
【Abstract】Over the past decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) is widely adopted in various domains, including education, commerce, government, and healthcare. There are also many IoT-based applications drawn significant attentions in recent years. With the increasing numbers of the connected devices in the IoT system, one of the challenging tasks is to ensure devices' authenticity, which allows users to have a high confidence in the decision. In addition, due to the heterogeneity of the IoT system and the resource-constrained devices, how to efficiently manage such system and guarantee the security and privacy for devices is concerned. In this article, we proposed a new blockchain-based authentication scheme to meet the challenges. Our proposed framework combines the blockchain technique and the modular square root algorithm to achieve an effective authentication process. Besides, we demonstrate the security and utility of the proposed scheme by providing the security analysis and the detailed experiment.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Authentication; Internet of Things; Security; Protocols; Smart grids; Servers; Blockchains; Authentication; blockchain; efficiency; Internet of Things (IoT); privacy; security
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【Author】 Islam, Md Jahidul Rahman, Anichur Kabir, Sumaiya Karim, Md Razaul Acharjee, Uzzal Kumar Nasir, Mostofa Kamal Band, Shahab S. Sookhak, Mehdi Wu, Shaoen
CCF-C
【影响因子】10.238
【主题类别】
区块链应用-智慧城市-
【Abstract】Insecure and portable devices in the smart city's Internet of Things (IoT) network are increasing at an incredible rate. Various distributed and centralized platforms against cyber attacks have been implemented in recent years, but these platforms are inefficient due to their constrained levels of storage, high energy consumption, the central point of failure, underutilized resources, high latency, etc. In addition, the current architecture confronts the problems of scalability, flexibility, complexity, monitoring, managing and collecting of IoT data, and defend against cyber threats. To address these issues, the authors present a distributed and decentralized blockchain-software-defined networking (SDN)-based energy-aware architecture for IoT in smart cities. Thus, SDN is continuously observing, controlling, and managing IoT devices activities and detects possible attacks in the network; blockchain provides adequate security and privacy against cyber attacks, and reduces the central point of failure issues; network function virtualization (NFV) is used to saving energy, load balancing, as well as increasing the lifetime of the entire network. Also, we introduce a cluster head selection (CHS) algorithm to reduce the energy consumption in the presented model. Finally, we analyze the performance using various parameters (e.g., throughput, response time, gas consumption, and communication overhead) and demonstrate the result that provides higher throughput, lower response time, and lower gas consumption than existing works for smart cities.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Internet of Things; Security; Blockchains; Clustering algorithms; Smart cities; Privacy; Network function virtualization; Blockchain; cluster; Internet of Things (IoT); network function virtualization (NFV); OpenFlow; privacy; SDN; security; smart city; software-defined networking (SDN) controller
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
CCF-C
【影响因子】10.238
【主题类别】
区块链应用-众包领域-
【Abstract】The ubiquity of crowdsourcing has reshaped the static sensor-enabled data sensing paradigm with cost efficiency and flexibility. Still, most existing triangular crowdsourcing systems only work under the centralized trust assumption and suffer from various attacks mounted by malicious users. Although incorporating the emerging blockchain technology into crowdsourcing provides a possibility to mitigate some of the issues, how to concretely implement the crucial components and their functionalities in a verifiable and privacy-aware manner remains unaddressed. In this article, we present BRPC, a blockchain-based decentralized system for general crowdsourcing. BRPC integrates the confident-aware truth discovery algorithm to provide task requesters with reliable task truths while evaluating each worker's data quality. To mitigate the biased evaluation of malicious requesters, we propose a privacy-aware verification protocol leveraging the threshold Paillier cryptosystem, with which a certain number of workers can collaboratively verify the evaluation results without knowing any sensory data. Furthermore, we define the three roles of a user and elaborate a comprehensive reputation evaluation model enforced by smart contracts for its trustworthy running. Financial and social incentives are both offered to motivate users' honest participation. Finally, we implement a prototype of BRPC and deploy it on the Ethereum blockchain. Theoretical analyses and experiment results show its security and practicality.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Task analysis; Crowdsourcing; Blockchains; Reliability; Data integrity; Cryptography; Smart contracts; Blockchain; crowdsourcing; privacy; truth discovery (TD); verifiability
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
CCF-C
【影响因子】10.238
【主题类别】
区块链应用-数据存储-
【Abstract】The applications of Internet of Things have emerged in every aspect of people's life. The volume of data gathered can be enormous. Enterprises and personal consumers are increasingly reliant on cloud storage services instead of local storage. While they enjoy the convenience of cloud storage services, they also worry about the integrity of the cloud-stored data since they do not physically own the data. To enable public integrity auditing, third-party auditors as trusted ones verify data integrity on behalf of the data owner. However, the vulnerability of auditors should also be considered. We propose a consortium blockchain-based public integrity verification system (CBPIV). In CBPIV, the auditor behaviors are recorded in the consortium blockchain so that authorized parties can audit the auditor to see if the verification results are correct. A smart contract is deployed to check the behavior of the auditor automatically, which can trigger alerts for unusual behaviors. The evaluation on both security and performance shows that our proposed scheme is secure and alleviates the burden on data owners of limited computation capability.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchains; Cloud computing; Internet of Things; Data integrity; Security; Smart contracts; Servers; Cloud storage; consortium blockchain; data integrity; Internet of Things (IoT); malicious auditors
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【Author】 Wang, Hanyi
【影响因子】4.996
【主题类别】
区块链应用-应急领域-
【Abstract】Public health emergency decisions are explored to ensure the emergency response measures in an environment where various emergencies occur frequently. An emergency decision is essentially a multi-criteria risk decision-making problem. The feasibility of applying prospect theory to emergency decisions is analyzed, and how psychological behaviors of decision-makers impact decision-making results are quantified. On this basis, the cognitive process of public health emergencies is investigated based on the rough set theory. A Decision Rule Extraction Algorithm (denoted as A-DRE) that considers attribute costs is proposed, which is then applied for attribute reduction and rule extraction on emergency datasets. In this way, decision-makers can obtain reduced decision table attributes quickly. Considering that emergency decisions require the participation of multiple departments, a framework is constructed to solve multi-department emergency decisions. The technical characteristics of the blockchain are in line with the requirements of decentralization and multi-party participation in emergency management. The core framework of the public health emergency management system-plan, legal system, mechanism, and system can play an important role. When delta=0.10, the classification accuracy under the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier reaches 73.5%. When delta=0.15, the classification accuracy under the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier reaches 86.4%. It can effectively improve China's public health emergency management system and improve the efficiency of emergency management. By taking Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an example, the weight and prospect value functions of different decision-maker attributes are constructed based on prospect theory. The optimal rescue plan is finally determined. A-DRE can consider the cost of each attribute in the decision table and the ability to classify it correctly; moreover, it can reduce the attributes and extract the rules on the COVID-19 dataset, suitable for decision-makers' situation face once an emergency occurs. The emergency decision approach based on rough set attribute reduction and prospect theory can acquire practical decision-making rules while considering the different risk preferences of decision-makers facing different decision-making results, which is significant for the rapid development of public health emergency assistance and disaster relief.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【Author】 Jevremovic, Milica Staletic, Nada Orzan, Gheorghe Ilic, Milena P. Jelic, Zorica Balaceanu, Cristina Teodora Paraschiv, Oana Valeria
【影响因子】3.889
【主题类别】
区块链应用-电商领域-
【Abstract】Today's business development processes force companies to find ways to increase the level of interactivity of their products with consumers. One of the ways that companies communicate interactively with users is communication via websites; another way is using a channel that makes the customer more loyal to the company. The aim of this paper is to point out the differences between the effects that interactive and non-interactive blockchain technologies have on users and their behavior, as well as to determine whether the same degree of interactivity is achieved with users who use the same site via computers or mobile phones. For this purpose, three models by Song, Liu, and Wu were compared, which gives this paper a superior precision and depth of research regarding the above-mentioned problem. Furthermore, the contributions of the paper are reflected in a comprehensive and detailed review of previous research on the topic of interactivity and the importance of using a website, showing the specific effects expected from users after the introduction of interactive website features, as well as indicating a difference in customer perception and behavior after using a different site search device.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】mobile marketing; interactivity; website interactivity; customer satisfaction; customer behavior; blockchain technologies
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【DOI】 10.3390/su14042216
【Author】 Son-Turan, Semen
【影响因子】3.889
【主题类别】
区块链应用-教育领域-
【Abstract】This paper seeks to address which business model in higher education that fosters SDG 4, is adequate for the post-pandemic period. To that end, it introduces the "Blockchain Business Model for Higher Education" (BBM-HE) and a transformed business model canvas framework based on existing literature, concepts, theories and findings relating to most of the pressing issues in higher education from the present study. To determine these issues, secondary data is used in the qualitative research design by applying inductive content analysis techniques to online reports. The originality of this study lies in the "adaptive" perspective to the requirements of the post-pandemic higher education landscape, which consists of modifications to the core elements of higher education, the integration of blockchain technology into the entire system, and a stronger approach to sustainability practice through sustainability tokens. The envisaged model sets out to provide a roadmap for all stakeholders, but most importantly, "decentralized" higher education institutions of the future and the "employable skills-seeking" proactive students all over the world, as opposed to the former "solely degree-focused and affluent" consumers of educational offerings. This study contributes to higher education literature in terms of business models, blockchains, pandemics, and sustainability.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; business model canvas; sustainable university; SDG 4; sustainability; pandemic; COVID-19
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【DOI】 10.3390/su14052955
【Author】 Hilal, Anwer Mustafa Hassine, Siwar Ben Haj Larabi-Marie-Sainte, Souad Nemri, Nadhem Nour, Mohamed K. Motwakel, Abdelwahed Zamani, Abu Sarwar Al Duhayyim, Mesfer
【影响因子】3.860
【主题类别】
区块链技术-区块链数据分析-
【Abstract】The development in Information and Communication Technology has led to the evolution of new computing and communication environment. Technological revolution with Internet of Things (IoTs) has developed various applications in almost all domains from health care, education to entertainment with sensors and smart devices. One of the subsets of IoT is Internet of Medical things (IoMT) which connects medical devices, hardware and software applications through internet. IoMT enables secure wireless communication over the Internet to allow efficient analysis of medical data. With these smart advancements and exploitation of smart IoT devices in health care technology there increases threat and malware attacks during transmission of highly confidential medical data. This work proposes a scheme by integrating machine learning approach and block chain technology to detect malware during data transmission in IoMT. The proposed Machine Learning based Block Chain Technology malware detection scheme (MLBCT-Mdetect) is implemented in three steps namely: feature extraction, Classification and blockchain. Feature extraction is performed by calculating the weight of each feature and reduces the features with less weight. Support Vector Machine classifier is employed in the second step to classify the malware and benign nodes. Furthermore, third step uses blockchain to store details of the selected features which eventually improves the detection of malware with significant improvement in speed and accuracy. ML-BCT-Mdetect achieves higher accuracy with low false positive rate and higher True positive rate.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; malware detection; classification; feature selection; internet of medical things
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【DOI】 10.32604/cmc.2022.024501
【影响因子】3.847
【主题类别】
区块链技术-分布式存储-
【Abstract】Light clients for distributed ledger networks can verify blockchain integrity by downloading and analyzing blockchain headers. They are designed to circumvent the high resource requirements, i.e., the large bandwidth and memory requirements that full nodes must meet, which are unsuitable for consumer-grade hardware and resource-constrained devices. Light clients rely on full nodes and trust them implicitly. This leaves them vulnerable to various types of attacks, ranging from accepting maliciously forged data to Eclipse attacks. We introduce Aurora-Trinity, a novel version of light clients that addresses the above-mentioned vulnerability by relying on our original Aurora module, which extends the Ethereum Trinity client. The Aurora module efficiently discovers the presence of malicious or Byzantine nodes in distributed ledger networks with a predefined and acceptable error rate and identifies at least one honest node for persistent or ephemeral communication. The identified honest node is used to detect the latest canonical chain head or to infer the state of an entry in the ledger without downloading the header chain, making the Aurora-Trinity client extremely efficient. It can run on consumer-grade hardware and resource-constrained devices, as the Aurora module consumes about 0.31 MB of RAM and 1 MB of storage at runtime.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】scalability; decentralization; light client; blockchain; trustless; Internet of Things
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【DOI】 10.3390/s22051835
【影响因子】3.721
【主题类别】
区块链技术-数据存储-
【Abstract】Outsourcing data integrity auditing enables users to efficiently check whether their cloud data are stored intactly without retrieving them. However, a problem arises that how to hold the storage server accountable when the auditing results show that the data has been lost or tampered with. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based accountable data outsourcing storage protocol, which enables users to obtain fine-grained compensation based on the damage of data. We provide an accurate and verifiable damage assessment method to achieve quantitative compensation. Specifically, the damage is assessed by the server and verified by smart contract. Furthermore, our protocol ensures the fairness of participants by deposit mechanism and smart contract. If any participant behaves dishonestly, it cannot obtain any benefit or even be punished. To reduce user's overhead, we propose a new provable data possession scheme, PDP in short, supporting outsourcing the calculation of tags. Moreover, we provide a detailed security proof for the proposed protocol as well. Finally, we evaluate the time cost of off-chain functions and the gas cost of on-chain operations for our protocol, which demonstrates that it is practical and suitable in reality.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; Accountable storage; Provable data possession; Outsourced storage
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【影响因子】2.940
【主题类别】
区块链技术-区块链数据分析-
【Abstract】The popularity and remarkable attractiveness of cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, absorb countless enthusiasts every day. Although Blockchain technology prevents fraudulent behavior, it cannot detect fraud on its own. There are always unimaginable ways to commit fraud, and the need to use anomaly detection methods to identify abnormal and fraudulent behaviors has become a necessity. The main purpose of this study is to use the Blockchain technology of symmetry and asymmetry in computer and engineering science to present a new method for detecting anomalies in Bitcoin with more appropriate efficiency. In this study, a collective anomaly approach was used. Instead of detecting the anomaly of individual addresses and wallets, the anomaly of users was examined. In addition to using the collective anomaly detection method, the trimmed_Kmeans algorithm was used for clustering. The results of this study show the anomalies are more visible among users who had multiple wallets. The proposed method revealed 14 users who had committed fraud, including 26 addresses in 9 cases, whereas previous works detected a maximum of 7 addresses in 5 cases of fraud. The suggested approach, in addition to reducing the processing overhead for extracting features, detect more abnormal users and anomaly behavior.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】K_means; trimmed_kmeans; Blockchain; Bitcoin; anomaly detection
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【DOI】 10.3390/sym14020328
【Author】 Syed, Aamir Aijaz Ahmed, Farhan Kamal, Muhammad Abdul Ullah, Assad Ramos-Requena, Jose Pedro
【影响因子】2.592
【主题类别】
区块链治理--
【Abstract】The environmental degradation and the concern for sustainable development have garnered extensive attention from researchers to evaluate the prospects of green bonds over other traditional assets. Against this backdrop, the current study measures the asymmetric relationship between green bonds, U.S. economic policy uncertainty (EPU), and bitcoins by employing the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distribution Lag (NARDL) estimation technique recently developed by Shin et al. The outcome of the empirical analysis confirms an asymmetric cointegration between EPU, bitcoins, the clean energy index, oil prices, and green bonds. The NARDL estimation substantiates that positive shock in EPU exerts a negative impact on green bonds, whereas a negative shock in EPU increases the performance of green bonds. It implies, in the long run, a 1 percent increase (decrease) in EPU decreases (increases) the performance of green bonds by 0.22 percent and 0.11 percent, respectively. Likewise, the study also confirms a bidirectional relationship between bitcoins and green bonds. A positive shock in bitcoin increases the performance of green bonds and vice versa. In addition, our study also reveals a direct co-movement between clean energy, oil prices, and green bonds. This outcome implies that green bonds are not a different asset class, and they mirror the performance of other asset classes, such as clean energy, oil prices, and bitcoins. The findings offer several implications to understand the hedging and diversification properties of bitcoins, and assist in understanding the role of U.S. economic policy uncertainty on green bonds.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】green bonds; environmental sustainability; asymmetric analysis; EPU; clean energy
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【DOI】 10.3390/math10050720
CCF-C
【影响因子】0.591
【主题类别】
区块链技术-智能合约-
【Abstract】Smart contracts - computer protocols that regulate the exchange of crypto-assets in trustless environments - have become popular with the spread of blockchain technologies. A landmark security property of smart contracts is liquidity: in a non-liquid contract, it may happen that some assets remain frozen, i.e. not redeemable by anyone. The relevance of this issue is witnessed by recent liquidity attacks to Ethereum, which have frozen hundreds of USD millions. We address the problem of verifying liquidity on BitML, a DSL for smart contracts with a secure compiler to Bitcoin, featuring primitives for currency transfers, contract renegotiation and consensual recursion. Our main result is a verification technique for liquidity. We first transform the infinite-state semantics of BitML into a finite-state one, which focusses on the behaviour of a chosen set of contracts, abstracting from the moves of the context. With respect to the chosen contracts, this abstraction is sound, i.e. if the abstracted contract is liquid, then also the concrete one is such. We then verify liquidity by model-checking the finite-state abstraction. We implement a toolchain that automatically verifies liquidity of BitML contracts and compiles them to Bitcoin, and we assess it through a benchmark of representative contracts.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Bitcoin; BitML; blockchain; smart contracts; liquidity; verification
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊
【Author】 Bahamazava, Katsiaryna Reznik, Stanley
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链应用-司法领域-
【Abstract】Purpose In the age of DarkNetMarkets proliferation, combatting money laundering has become even more complicated. Constantly evolving technologies add a new layer of difficulty to already intricated schemes of hiding the cryptocurrency's origin. Considering the latest development of cryptocurrency- and blockchain-related use cases, this study aims to scrutinize Italian and Russian antimoney laundering regulations to understand their preparedness for a new era of laundering possibilities. Design/methodology/approach One of the most recommended ways to buy and sell cryptocurrencies for illegal drug trade on DarkNet was discovered using machine learning, i.e. natural language processing and topic modeling. This study compares how current Italian and Russian laws address this technique. Findings Despite differences in cryptocurrency regulation, both the Italian Republic and the Russian Federation fall behind on preventing cryptolaundering. Originality/value The main contributions of this paper: consideration of noncustodial wallet projects and nonfungible token platforms through the lens of money laundering opportunities, comparison of Italian and Russian antimoney laundering regulations related to cryptocurrency, empirical analysis of the preferred method of trading/exchanging cryptocurrency for DarkNet illegal trade using machine learning techniques and the assessment of how Italian and Russian regulations address these money laundering methods.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Money laundering; Cryptocurrency; DarkNetMarkets; Drugs; Machine learning
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2022-03-29
【文献类型】 期刊