【Author】 Rueckel, Timon Sedlmeir, Johannes Hofmann, Peter

【Source】COMPUTER NETWORKS CCF-B

【影响因子】5.493

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】Federated machine learning (FL) allows to collectively train models on sensitive data as only the clients' models and not their training data need to be shared. However, despite the attention that research on FL has drawn, the concept still lacks broad adoption in practice. One of the key reasons is the great challenge to implement FL systems that simultaneously achieve fairness, integrity, and privacy preservation for all participating clients. To contribute to solving this issue, our paper suggests a FL system that incorporates blockchain technology, local differential privacy, and zero-knowledge proofs. Our implementation of a proof-of-concept with multiple linear regressions illustrates that these state-of-the-art technologies can be combined to a FL system that aligns economic incentives, trust, and confidentiality requirements in a scalable and transparent system.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Differential privacy; Distributed ledger technology; Federated machine learning; Zero-knowledge proof

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108621

【Author】 Hireche, Othmane Benzaid, Chafika Taleb, Tarik

【Source】COMPUTER NETWORKS CCF-B

【影响因子】5.493

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】Along with the high demand for network connectivity from both end-users and service providers, networks have become highly complex; and so has become their lifecycle management. Recent advances in automation, data analysis, artificial intelligence, distributed ledger technologies (e.g., Blockchain), and data plane programming techniques have sparked the hope of the researchers' community in exploring and leveraging these techniques towards realizing the much-needed vision of trustworthy self-driving networks (SelfDNs). In this vein, this article proposes a novel framework to empower fully distributed trustworthy SelfDNs across multiple domains. The framework vision is achieved by exploiting (i) the capabilities of programmable data planes to enable real-time in-network telemetry collection; (ii) the potential of P4 - as an important example of data plane programming languages - and AI to (re)write the source code of network components in a fashion that the network becomes capable of automatically translating a policy intent into executable actions that can be enforced on the network components; and (iii) the potential of blockchain and federated learning to enable decentralized, secure and trustable knowledge sharing between domains. A relevant use case is introduced and discussed to demonstrate the feasibility of the intended vision. Encouraging results are obtained and discussed.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】AI; Federated learning; Blockchain; Zero trust; P4; Data plane programming; Self driving network; 5G and beyond networks

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108668

【Author】 Levis, Daniel Fontana, Francesco Ughetto, Elisa

【Source】PLOS ONE

【影响因子】3.752

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】In this paper, we use a Delphi approach to investigate whether, and to what extent, blockchain-based applications might affect firms' organizations, innovations, and strategies by 2030, and, consequently, which societal areas may be mainly affected. We provide a deep understanding of how the adoption of this technology could lead to changes in Europe over multiple dimensions, ranging from business to culture and society, policy and regulation, economy, and technology. From the projections that reached a significant consensus and were given a high probability of occurrence by the experts, we derive four scenarios built around two main dimensions: the digitization of assets and the change in business models.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1371/journal.pone.0258995

【Author】 Kwapien, Jaroslaw Watorek, Marcin Drozdz, Stanislaw

【Source】ENTROPY

【影响因子】2.738

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】Time series of price returns for 80 of the most liquid cryptocurrencies listed on Binance are investigated for the presence of detrended cross-correlations. A spectral analysis of the detrended correlation matrix and a topological analysis of the minimal spanning trees calculated based on this matrix are applied for different positions of a moving window. The cryptocurrencies become more strongly cross-correlated among themselves than they used to be before. The average cross-correlations increase with time on a specific time scale in a way that resembles the Epps effect amplification when going from past to present. The minimal spanning trees also change their topology and, for the short time scales, they become more centralized with increasing maximum node degrees, while for the long time scales they become more distributed, but also more correlated at the same time. Apart from the inter-market dependencies, the detrended cross-correlations between the cryptocurrency market and some traditional markets, like the stock markets, commodity markets, and Forex, are also analyzed. The cryptocurrency market shows higher levels of cross-correlations with the other markets during the same turbulent periods, in which it is strongly cross-correlated itself.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】financial markets; cryptocurrencies; multiscale analysis; detrended cross-correlations; minimal spanning tree; COVID-19

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/e23121674

【Author】 Sharma, Pratima Jindal, Rajni Borah, Malaya Dutta

【Source】JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING

【影响因子】2.557

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】Cloud system provides an on-demand and low-cost computing and storing model. Many organizations and individual end-users are using cloud storage services to back up their crucial data. However, this storage utility suffers from various threats and security issues. Before outsourcing the data to the cloud server, some data security measures should be imposed to ensure security. The blockchain is an advanced technology that stores data in a distributed manner and provides a more secure environment. Therefore, we propose a blockchain-based framework with the Ciphertext Policy Attribute-based Encryption algorithm to provide access control and user revocation methods in the cloud storage system to resolve the above issues. Our scheme offers three main features to provide a secure environment. First, a java-based blockchain network is designed to register data owners and attribute authority using a key generation algorithm. Second, the data owners and attribute authorities store the public information in the blockchain structure, set access policies, and generate the user's secret key to resolve key escrow problems. Third, the immediate attribute modification is deployed to attain fine-grained access control with the user revocation process. The experimental results, analysis, and performance evaluation show that our scheme provides a feasible and reliable environment.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Cloud storage; CP-ABE; Access control; Revocation

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1007/s11227-021-04179-4

【Author】 ZhuanSun, Fengqin Chen, Jiaojiao Chen, Wenlong Sun, Yan

【Source】SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMMING

【影响因子】1.672

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】With the development of society, e-commerce competition has become increasingly intense and has ascended to the level of the ecosystem. Therefore, it is extremely significant to study the mechanism of evolution and balance for the e-commerce ecosystem. Simultaneously, blockchain technology is essentially a consensus mechanism, the core idea of which is decentralization, but it is actually the deconstruction of privileges and authority. Especially, the influence on the e-commerce ecosystem cannot be underestimated. Blockchain technology ultimately changes not only technology, but a comprehensive reconstruction of various industries. Building an e-commerce information ecosystem based on blockchain can promote the healthy and sustainable development of e-commerce information ecology. This work combines the definition and technical characteristics of blockchain, discusses the blockchain-based e-commerce information ecosystem model, and discusses how to achieve the ecological balance and system evolution of e-commerce under the background of blockchain. According to the internal problems of the e-commerce ecosystem, three evolutionary paths are proposed in this work. First, consider the timeliness of the information and construct a full-process information channel. Second, remove central nodes and build a safe and efficient block payment. Third, solve the blind zone in the field of logistics and create efficient and transparent intelligent logistics. This work can provide an effective reference for the development of e-commerce.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1155/2021/5984306

【Author】 Sun, Haoli Pi, Bingfeng Sun, Jun Miyamae, Takeshi Morinaga, Masanobu

【Source】FUTURE INTERNET

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】Blockchain technology provides a tamper-proof distributed ledger for its users. Typically, to ensure the integrity and immutability of the transaction data, each node in a blockchain network retains a full copy of the ledger; however, this characteristic imposes an increasing storage burden upon each node with the accumulation of data. In this paper, an off-chain solution is introduced to relieve the storage burden of blockchain nodes while ensuring the integrity of the off-chain data. In our solution, an off-chain remote DB server stores the fully replicated data while the nodes only store the commitments of the data to verify whether the off-chain data are tampered with. To minimize the influence on performance, the nodes will store data locally at first and transfer it to the remote DB server when otherwise idle. Our solution also supports accessing all historical data for newly joined nodes through a snapshot mechanism. The solution is implemented based on the Hyperledger Fabric (HLF). Experiments show that our solution reduces the block data for blockchain nodes by 93.3% compared to the original HLF and that our advanced solution enhances the TPS by 9.6% compared to our primary solution.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; scalability; storage; data integrity; performance

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/fi13120310

【Author】 Kramer, Michael Paul Bitsch, Linda Hanf, Jon H.

【Source】JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】Coffee is the second most important commodity in terms of global trade value, with its global market value exceeding $460 billion in 2020. Its supply networks, which encompass multiple stakeholders, are complex and nontransparent. Blockchain is a trust technology, and some coffee firms have embraced this technology to provide trust attributes to consumers while making their supply chain more transparent. For businesses to gain the expected productivity advantages, a technology must be adopted and used. As theoretical and empirical research on blockchain technology adoption is scarce, this article attempts to identify behavioral intentions of stakeholders in the supply network toward its adoption. Based on exploratory interviews, this article develops a blockchain technology adoption model based on factors relevant to individuals' use behavior. The results provide evidence that a normative stakeholder management approach positively impacts use behavior. Managers can use the model to benchmark and improve their corporate social responsibility strategy to obtain better returns on blockchain investments. This study closes a research gap as, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no research has been conducted so far on the impact of an instrumental stakeholder management approach on blockchain technology adoption behavior. Understanding how stakeholder management can compensate for the lack of consensus mechanisms in private and consortium blockchains, as well as understanding the factors influencing behavioral intentions toward the use of a technology, can provide for managerial guidance toward the development of an effective stakeholder management strategy, which eventually can result in a competitive advantage.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; technology adoption; food industry; supply chain; stakeholder management

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/jrfm14120598

【Author】 Berneis, Moritz Winkler, Herwig

【Source】LOGISTICS-BASEL

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】Background: In relevant research, blockchain technology (BCT) is credited with great potential for supply chain management (SCM). However, even after more than 10 years of the technology's existence, it is barely used for any self-sustaining applications. This raises the question of why BC cannot prevail against its alternatives. With this paper we want to identify criteria by which the added value of BCT can be measured. Furthermore, we want to evaluate how well the different supply chains (SC) exploit the added values of BCT. Methods: For this, we identified real-world examples and case studies for luxury, food, and healthcare SCs. These examples are described in detail and then analyzed for their added value compared to possible alternatives. Results: The results show that in the clusters of food and healthcare SCs, no general added value of BC over current best-practice solutions could be verified. Luxury SCs manage valuable products that are typically traded in small quantities. It is within this cluster that the implementation of BC can be justified best. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study shows that the application of BCT is especially beneficial for goods with a high value and low trade volume. In addition, the interface between reality and the digital twin should be as secure as the database or BC solution itself. Furthermore, the demand for transparency and immutability of data should be more important than the need to protect sensitive data. Finally, SC participants, especially the end customer, must also be able to appreciate the advantages of BCT.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain technology; Smart Contracts; logistics; supply chain management; value proposition assessment

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/logistics5040085

【Author】 Straubert, Christian Sucky, Eric

【Source】LOGISTICS-BASEL

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】Background: The use of blockchain technology for tracking and tracing (T&T) in supply chains is the subject of lively debate in scientific literature. However, distributed ledger technology (DLT) does not have to have the characteristic blockchain structure and often performs better without such a structure. Generalized DLT for T&T in supply chains has rarely been discussed in the existing literature. Methods: This article presents an exploratory case study research of eight companies to identify the main goals, and problems that the companies have when they engage in T&T. This practical perspective is complemented by a theoretical systems thinking perspective. Based on these two foundations, we discuss the usefulness of blockchain technology and, more generally, DLT for T&T in supply chains. Results: Based on our analysis, DLT is only necessary in special cases, e.g., when the owners of the data have an interest in deleting the data, but the data stakeholders do not. In the other cases examined, DLT competes with other technologies, such as conventional, centralized databases in combination with digital signatures. Furthermore, it became evident that DLT can only be useful for supply chain tracing. The technological features of DLT do not provide any benefit for supply chain tracking, i.e., the timely communication of the status of a physical good. Conclusions: Distributed ledgers often have a disadvantage in that they are very complex and, therefore, expensive. DLT should preferably only be used when it is technologically necessary or the simplest/cheapest choice, which is probably not all that often. Finally, the usefulness of distributed ledger technology and its integrated smart contract technology is highly dependent on how easy it is to link the real physical world to a digital record/contract in an error-free and tamper-proof way. Currently, such a definite link exists only in very few cases and is often impossible.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】logistics; supply chain; blockchain; distributed ledger; tracking; tracing

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/logistics5040075

【Author】 Cocco, Luisanna Tonelli, Roberto Marchesi, Michele

【Source】FUTURE INTERNET

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】This work presents how a digital identity management system can support food supply chains in guaranteeing the quality of the products marketed and the compliance of the several supply-chain's nodes to standards and technical regulations. Specific goal of this work is to present a system that provides full visibility of process/food certifications, which nowadays are issued by accredited and approved certification bodies (issuers) and delivered and stored in paper version by the several participants (holders) of the supply chain. The system is designed and implemented by combining the latest most innovative and disruptive technologies in the market-Self Sovereign Identity system, Blockchain, and Inter Planetary File System. The crucial aspects that it aims to hit are the storage and access of food/process certifications, and the proper eligibility verification of these certifications exploiting the concepts of the Self Sovereign Identity-based models. The proposed system, realized by using standards that are WWW Consortium-compatible and the Ethereum Blockchain, ensures eligibility, transparency, and traceability of the certifications along a food supply chain, and could be an innovation model/idea that the companies that adopt the Open Innovation paradigm might want to pursue.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】self sovereign identity; blockchain; food supply chain; food; process certifications

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/fi13120301

【Author】 Havidz, Shinta Amalina Hazrati Karman, Viendya Ervina Mambea, Indra Yudha

【Source】ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】This research aims to utilize macro-financial and liquidity elements as the factors that may affect the price of Bitcoin as the largest cryptocurrency in terms of market capitalization. The macro financial factors analyzed in this study were foreign exchange, stock market index, interest rates, and gold, while liquidity ratio is the internal factor. This study applied a fixed-effect model (FEM) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) on gathered weekly data from 1 January 2017 to 29 December 2019 from 18 countries with the total of 2,826 observations. The analysis revealed that US Dollar amplifies Bitcoin trading; an increase in interest rate will decrease investors' intention to invest in Bitcoin as a speculative asset, and gold could replace Bitcoin as a substitute asset. Moreover, Bitcoin was found to be highly liquid, which attracts many investors, while the stock market index proved to be insignificant.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cryptocurrency; Bitcoin price; macro-financial factors; liquidity ratio; Global Consumer Survey

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.15388/omee.2021.12.62

【Author】 Hbaieb, Amal Ayed, Samiha Chaari, Lamia

【Source】COMPUTER NETWORKS CCF-B

【影响因子】5.493

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】In recent years, the emergence of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) aims to enhance the users' quality of experience through proposing more sophisticated services ranging from guaranteeing the user safety to improving his comfort. The IoV ecosystem is complex, heterogeneous, and evolving. Many entities participate to compose its architecture (such as vehicles, humans, roadside units, ITS). Moreover, different communication types coexist to ensure the IoV connectivity and continuity. This diversity leads to new security requirements that seem more complex to take into account and enlarge the attack surface of such ecosystem. Many security mechanisms should be considered to enforce the security of IoV environment at many levels: data, entities, communications, storage, etc.. Trust management is one of the potential security mechanisms that aims to increase the reliability within the IoV environment. The topic has been widely explored within the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). However, the VANET represents only one component of the IoV ecosystem. Thus, the approaches proposed for the VANET should be adapted to be applied for the IoV. Moreover, the advent of the emerging technologies like blockchain, cloud, SDN as well as artificial intelligence bring new opportunities to propose more relevant approaches within the trust management mechanisms within the IoV context. Accordingly, this survey deals with the literature about the trust management topic in vehicular environments. The scope considers the IoV environment as well as the relevant approaches proposed for the VANET context since it is one of the important component of the IoV ecosystem. We start by quickly reviewing the existing surveys about security of the vehicular environments. Then, we give a general overview about trust concepts. Afterwards, we present the security and trust challenges and attacks in the vehicular context. Later, we classify and compare the most relevant approaches related to the trust management for the IoV proposing a new taxonomy. We complete this survey by highlighting the open future directions and perspectives for research.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Vehicular networks; VANET; IoV; V2X; Trust management; Security; Blockchain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108558

【Author】 Xiang, Xuanchen Foo, Simon Zang, Huanyu

【Source】MACHINE LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE EXTRACTION

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】The two-part series of papers provides a survey on recent advances in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for solving partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDP) problems. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an approach to simulate the human's natural learning process, whose key is to let the agent learn by interacting with the stochastic environment. The fact that the agent has limited access to the information of the environment enables AI to be applied efficiently in most fields that require self-learning. It's essential to have an organized investigation-we can make good comparisons and choose the best structures or algorithms when applying DRL in various applications. The first part of the overview introduces Markov Decision Processes (MDP) problems and Reinforcement Learning and applications of DRL for solving POMDP problems in games, robotics, and natural language processing. In part two, we continue to introduce applications in transportation, industries, communications and networking, etc. and discuss the limitations of DRL.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】reinforcement learning; deep reinforcement learning; Markov decision process; partially observable markov decision process

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/make3040043

【Author】 Fanoro, Mokesioluwa Bozanic, Mladen Sinha, Saurabh

【Source】TECHNOLOGIES

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】Over the last decade, manufacturing processes have undergone significant change. Most factory activities have been transformed through a set of features built into a smart manufacturing framework. The tools brought to bear by the fourth industrial revolution are critical enablers of such change and progress. This review article describes the series of industrial revolutions and explores traditional manufacturing before presenting various enabling technologies. Insights are offered regarding traditional manufacturing lines where some enabling technologies have been included. The manufacturing supply chain is envisaged as enhancing the enabling technologies of Industry 4.0 through their integration. A systematic literature review is undertaken to evaluate each enabling technology and the manufacturing supply chain and to provide some theoretical synthesis. Similarly, obstacles are listed that must be overcome before a complete shift to smart manufacturing is possible. A brief discussion maps out how the fourth industrial revolution has led to novel manufacturing technologies. Likewise, a review of the fifth industrial revolution is given, and the justification for this development is presented.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】smart factory; traditional manufacturing; industry 4; 0; edge analytics; cloud computing; manufacturing supply chain; cloud manufacturing

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/technologies9040077

【Author】 Mkrtchian, Sona M.

【Source】VOPROSY ISTORII

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】The article examines the changing views of the public, representatives of the professional community and state structures of Russia and the world on the criminal law regulation of the blockchain sphere. In order to identify the main prospects of the criminal law policy in the fight against crimes that have become widespread in this area of public relations, the author uses the results of a sociological study of the opinions of citizens and professional lawyers.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; Russian Federation; international community; cryptocurrencies; transnational organized crime

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.31166/VoprosyIstorii202107Statyi56

【Author】 Kapassa, Evgenia Themistocleous, Marinos Christodoulou, Klitos Iosif, Elias

【Source】FUTURE INTERNET

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】Blockchain technology is highly coupled with cryptocurrencies; however, it provides several other potential use cases, related to energy and sustainability, Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, smart mobility and more. Blockchain can offer security for Electric Vehicle (EV) transactions in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept, allowing electricity trading to be performed in a decentralized, transparent and secure way. Additionally, blockchain provides the necessary functionalities for IoV decentralized application development, such as data exchange, personal digital identity, sharing economy and optimized charging pattern. Moreover, blockchain technology has the potential to significantly increase energy efficiency, decrease management costs and guarantee the effective use of the energy recourses. Therefore, its application in the IoV concept provides secure, autonomous and automated energy trading between EVs. While several studies on blockchain technology in smart grids have been conducted, insufficient attention has been given to conducting a detailed review and state-of-the-art analysis of blockchain application in the IoV domain. To this end, this work provides a systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications in the IoV domain. The aim is to investigate the current challenges of IoV and to highlight how blockchain characteristics can contribute to this emerging paradigm. In addition, limitations and future research directions related to the integration of blockchain technology within the IoV are discussed. To this end, this study incorporates the theoretical foundations of several research articles published in scientific publications over the previous five years, as a method of simplifying our assessment and capturing the ever-expanding blockchain area. We present a comprehensive taxonomy of blockchain-enabled applications in the IoV domain, such as privacy and security, data protection and management, vehicle management, charging optimization and P2P energy trading, based on a structured, systematic review and content analysis of the discovered literature, and we identify key trends and emerging areas for research. The contribution of this article is two-fold: (a) we highlight the limitations presented in the relevant literature, particularly the barriers of blockchain technology and how they influence its integration into the IoV and (b) we present a number of research gaps and suggest future exploratory areas.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; Internet of Vehicles; Electric Vehicles; opportunities; limitations; systematic literature review

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-10

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/fi13120313