【Author】
Li, Yannan; Susilo, Willy; Yang, Guomin; Yu, Yong; Liu, Dongxi; Du, Xiaojiang; Guizani, Mohsen
【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING
【Abstract】The Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing explosive growth and has gained extensive attention from academia and industry in recent years. However, most of the existing IoT infrastructures are centralized, which may cause the issues of unscalability and single-point-of-failure. Consequently, decentralized IoT has been proposed by taking advantage of the emerging technology called blockchain. Voting systems are widely adopted in IoT, for example a leader election in wireless sensor networks. Self-tallying voting systems are alternatives to unsuitable, traditional centralized voting systems in decentralized IoT. Unfortunately, self-tallying voting systems inherently suffer from fairness issues, such as adaptive and abortive issues caused by malicious voters. To address these issues, in this article, we introduce a framework of the self-tallying voting system in decentralized IoT based on blockchain. We propose a concrete construction and prove that the proposed system satisfies all the security requirements, including fairness, dispute-freeness, and maximal ballot secrecy. We simulate the algorithms on a laptop, an Android phone, and a Raspberry Pi to test the time consumption and evaluate the gas cost of each algorithm in a private blockchain as well. The implementation results demonstrate the practicability of our system.
【Keywords】Protocols; Electronic voting; Internet of Things; Cryptography; Internet-of-things; E-voting; self-tallying; blockchain; zero-knowledge proof
【摘要】物联网（IoT）正在经历爆炸式增长，近年来受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。然而，现有的物联网基础设施大多是中心化的，这可能会导致不可扩展性和单点故障的问题。因此，通过利用称为区块链的新兴技术提出了分散式物联网。投票系统在物联网中被广泛采用，例如无线传感器网络中的领导者选举。自计票投票系统是分散式物联网中不合适的传统集中式投票系统的替代品。不幸的是，自计票系统本身就存在公平问题，例如由恶意选民引起的适应性和流产问题。为了解决这些问题，在本文中，我们介绍了一个基于区块链的去中心化物联网中的自计票系统框架。我们提出了一个具体的结构，并证明所提出的系统满足所有安全要求，包括公平性、无争议性和最大投票保密性。我们在笔记本电脑、Android 手机和 Raspberry Pi 上模拟算法，以测试时间消耗并评估私有区块链中每个算法的 gas 成本。实施结果证明了我们系统的实用性。
【关键词】协议；电子投票；物联网;密码学；物联网;电子投票；自计算；区块链；零知识证明
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