【Author】
Caldarelli, Giulio
【Abstract】Blockchains are traditionally blind to the real world. This implies reliance on third parties called oracles when extrinsic data are needed for smart contracts. Oracle implementation, however, is still controversial and debated due to the reintroduction of trust and a single point of failure. The blindness to the real world also makes blockchains unable to communicate with each other, preventing any form of interoperability. This limitation prevents, for example, liquidity held in Bitcoin from flowing into DeFi applications. An early approach to the interoperability issue is constituted by wrapped tokens, representing blockchain native tokens issued on a non-native blockchain. Similar to how oracles reintroduce trust and a single point of failure, the issuance of wrapped tokens involves third parties whose characteristics need to be considered when evaluating the advantages of crossing-chains. This paper provides an overview of the available wrapped tokens and the main issuing procedures. Benefits, limitations, and implications for trust are listed and discussed.
【Keywords】blockchain; smart contracts; interoperability; cryptocurrencies; wrapped tokens; oracles
【摘要】区块链传统上对现实世界视而不见。这意味着当智能合同需要外部数据时，要依赖称为预言机的第三方。然而，由于信任的重新引入和单点故障，预言机实施仍然存在争议。对现实世界的视而不见也使得区块链无法相互交流，从而阻碍了任何形式的互操作性。例如，这一限制阻止了比特币的流动性流入DeFi应用。解决互操作性问题的早期方法是由包装令牌构成的，它代表在非本地区块链上发行的区块链本地令牌。类似于oracles如何重新引入信任和单点故障，包装令牌的发布涉及第三方，在评估跨链的优势时需要考虑其特征。本文概述了可用的包装令牌和主要的发布过程。列出并讨论了信任的好处、限制和含义
【关键词】区块链；智能合约；互操作性；加密货币；包装的令牌；神谕
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