【Author】
McGinn, D.; McIlwraith, D.; Guo, Y.
【Source】ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
【Abstract】Bitcoin is the first implementation of a technology that has become known as a 'public permissionless' blockchain. Such systems allow public read/ write access to an append-only blockchain database without the need for any mediating central authority. Instead, they guarantee access, security and protocol conformity through an elegant combination of cryptographic assurances and game theoretic economic incentives. Not until the advent of the Bitcoin blockchain has such a trusted, transparent, comprehensive and granular dataset of digital economic behaviours been available for public network analysis. In this article, by translating the cumbersome binary data structure of the Bitcoin blockchain into a high fidelity graph model, we demonstrate through various analyses the often overlooked social and econometric benefits of employing such a novel open data architecture. Specifically, we show: (i) how repeated patterns of transaction behaviours can be revealed to link user activity across the blockchain; (ii) how newly mined bitcoin can be associated to demonstrate individual accumulations of wealth; (iii) through application of the naive quantity theory of money that Bitcoin's disinflationary properties can be revealed and measured; and (iv) how the user community can develop coordinated defences against repeated denial of service attacks on the network. Such public analyses of this open data are exemplary benefits unavailable to the closed data models of the ` private permissioned' distributed ledger architectures currently dominating enterprise-level blockchain development owing to existing issues of scalability, confidentiality and governance.
【Keywords】bitcoin; blockchain; open data; graph database; data mining; knowledge discovery
【摘要】比特币是第一个被称为“无公共许可”区块链技术的实现。此类系统允许对仅追加的区块链数据库进行公共读/写访问，而不需要任何中介中心权限。相反，它们通过密码保证和博弈论经济激励的优雅组合来保证访问、安全性和协议一致性。直到比特币区块链的出现，如此可信、透明、全面和细粒度的数字经济行为数据集才可用于公共网络分析。在本文中，通过将比特币区块链繁琐的二进制数据结构转换为高保真图模型，我们通过各种分析演示了使用这种新型开放数据架构经常被忽视的社会和计量经济学好处。具体来说，我们展示了:(i)如何揭示事务行为的重复模式，以跨区块链链接用户活动;(ii)如何将新挖掘的比特币与个人财富积累联系起来;(iii)通过应用朴素的货币数量理论，比特币的反通货膨胀属性可以被揭示和衡量;以及(iv)用户社区如何开发针对网络上重复拒绝服务攻击的协调防御。由于存在可伸缩性、机密性和治理等问题，目前主导企业级区块链开发的是“私有许可”分布式账本架构的封闭数据模型，而对这些开放数据的这种公开分析具有典型的好处。
【关键词】比特币;区块链;开放数据;图形数据库;数据挖掘;知识发现
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