【Author】 Barrera, Kevin Giang Shah, Denish
【影响因子】10.969
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】A hyper-connected digital universe referred to as the 'metaverse' bears the promise of fundamentally changing how consumers, brands, and firms will transact and interact in a seamlessly interconnected space of virtual realities. The potential of the metaverse is being accelerated by the increasing tendency of (i) consumers engaging and transacting in virtual spaces and (ii) firms investing millions of dollars in developing metaverse-related technologies. However, given the rapid evolution, there is a lack of clear understanding of the current scope of the metaverse and the consequent implications for marketing practice and research. This study integrates the findings from an extensive literature review of multiple disciplines and expert viewpoints of industry leaders to propose a definition and an organizing framework for the emergent metaverse. Subsequently, the authors discuss how metaverse-induced changes contribute to novel implications for marketing practice and propose a research agenda to guide future academic studies and marketing initiatives.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Metaverse; Extended reality; Virtual environments; Human-computer interaction; Customer experience; Experiential marketing
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 综述
【Author】 Li, Wen-Wei Meng, Weizhi Yeh, Kuo-Hui Cha, Shi-Cho
CCF-C
【影响因子】10.238
【主题类别】
--
【Abstract】Blockchain and smart contracts have become one of the most popular technologies to establish decentralized applications. Due to public visibility of data stored in blockchain, the information processed by a smart contract is visible to every party in a blockchain. To improve data confidentiality, this study proposes a trusted computing as a service (TCaaS) framework based on the blockchain. The framework includes a trustworthy node to perform trusted computing. Using the proposed framework, users of blockchain systems can integrate trustworthy node into blockchain systems. Users can also upload general-purposed programs and associated parameters and discover trustworthy node for execution via related smart contracts. The programs and parameters are encrypted so that only selected trustworthy node can decrypt the data. The execution environment returns computed results to the corresponding blockchain system. We evaluate our concept with the ESP32 microcontroller with the ATECC508A security chip and the Quorum blockchain system. Therefore, the study contributes to construct a trusted computing environment for blockchain system and preserve confidentiality at the same time.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; trusted execution environment
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【Author】 Kumar, Anoop S. Padakandla, Steven Raj
【影响因子】9.848
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-NFT
【Abstract】In this study, we test the hedge and safe haven properties of NFTs against Bitcoin and Ethereum market fluctuations in the backdrop of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war. We employ daily returns of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and four NFTS, namely Decentraland, Cryptopunks, Cryptokitties, and SuperRare, from 04 April 2018 to 7 July 2022. For analytical purposes, we estimate dynamic hedge effectiveness and wavelet quantile correlations. The dynamic hedge effectiveness results confirm the NFTs' hedge ability against Bitcoin. The WQC results show that NFTs offer short, medium, and long-run hedge properties and short run safe haven property against Bitcoin. Further, we show that NFTs are at best a short to medium term diversifier against Ethereum fluctuations.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Non -fungible tokens; Cryptocurrency; Hedge; Safe haven; Portfolio diversification; COVID-19; Russia -Ukraine war
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 实证数据
【Author】 Han, Yanhu Fang, Xiao
【影响因子】9.018
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-供应链
【Abstract】Traditional supply chain management faces challenges such as low level of information sharing and lack of transparency. Due to the features such as tamper-proof, reliability and traceability, the blockchain technology enhances the trust among stakeholders and enables transparent transactions and open collaboration, which can reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions. Accordingly, blockchain technology-based supply chain management has attracted more attention from academics and practitioners. However, existing review studies mainly focus on different industries or topics and lack a more comprehensive analysis. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review integrating bibliometric analysis with theme analysis to understand the current research state in BT-SCM and discuss its future research trends. On the one hand, VOSviewer is used to conduct bibliometric analysis to explore the influences of existing studies from six aspects: publication year, author, country, keyword, journal, and article citation. On the other hand, the functional application of BT-SCM is discussed from logistics traceability, supply chain finance, supply chain collaboration, sustainable management and risk management to determine the research status, and the enablers and barriers of blockchain application in SCM are summarised to facilitate practitioners to adopt BT, and finally the potential research directions are proposed for scholars in this field.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; supply chain management; literature review; bibliometric analysis; theme analysis; >
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 综述
【Author】 Turki, Mariem Cheikhrouhou, Saoussen Dammak, Bouthaina Baklouti, Mouna Mars, Rawya Dhahbi, Afef
【影响因子】8.839
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-产品溯源
【Abstract】The public's health depends on a reliable drug supply chain. Recently, the number of drug counterfeit has increased drastically, resulting in thousands of victims suffering from poisoning and/or treatment fail-ures, which have resulted in new expectations on drug supply chain traceability. Indeed, the drug supply chain involves many parties having heterogeneous interests and are usually reluctant to share traceabil-ity data with each other. Furthermore, existing traceability and provenance systems for drug supply chains suffer from separated data storage, lack of information sharing transparency, and trust. Decentralized blockchain-based solutions are advocated to address these limitations by realizing decen-tralized trustless systems. In this work, we present a fully decentralized, blockchain-based drug traceabil-ity solution, worthy of seamless integrating IoT devices throughout the chain. It uses both smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage to remove the need for middleman and to provide trusted, secure and immutable transaction history. Moreover, to preserve the traceability of drugs, it ensures and enforces data provenance and data integrity in the proposed IoT environment by using blockchain Non -Fungible Tokens (NFTs). We give a test and validation of the approach's effectiveness in enhancing drug traceability supply chains, as well as an analysis of the approach's costs and security.& COPY; 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; Ethereum; NFTs; Traceability; Healthcare; Supply chain; Smart contracts
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【Author】 Yadav, Amrendra Singh Charles, Vincent Pandey, Dharen Kumar Gupta, Somya Gherman, Tatiana Kushwaha, Dharmender Singh
CCF-C
【影响因子】8.665
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-车辆领域
【Abstract】Insurance claims processing involves multiple entities and data sources, necessitating communication between human agents. Consequently, vehicle insurance claims have traditionally required significant human effort and time. Daily vehicle-related transactions, including those managed by transportation authorities, pose challenges for tracking. Centralised systems have been utilised for national solutions, but trust management, transparency, and access control issues arise. There is potential for further integration of vehicle-related transactions. This article proposes a blockchain framework for vehicle insurance to streamline the reporting of accidents and filing of insurance claims. Blockchain-based automation platforms can enhance the scale and response time of claims processing, providing users with control over additional transactions, inspection, and insurance. For experimental purposes, a blockchain was created using Hyperledger Fabric to store information about vehicles, owners, and insurance. Efficient querying of this blockchain requires specific participants, assets, and transactions. The consensus algorithm can identify invalid claims if a transaction request contains an error. By deploying blockchain technology and smart contracts, this architecture has the potential to address trust and security concerns associated with traditional insurance policies and claims.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Vehicle insurance; Blockchain technology; Hyperledger fabric; Smart contract; Peer-to-peer; Accident
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【Author】 Agur, Itai Lavayssiere, Xavier Bauer, German Villegas Deodoro, Jose Peria, Soledad Martinez Sandri, Damiano Tourpe, Herve
【影响因子】6.536
【主题类别】
--
【Abstract】This paper considers the energy profile of the main components and technological options of digital currencies, including crypto assets. Digital currencies differ widely in energy consumption depending on how they are designed. We draw on academic, institutional, and industry estimates of the energy use resulting from the processing and settlement of payments to compare digital currencies to each other and to existing payment systems. Results show that, depending on their designs, digital currencies have the potential to aid in reducing energy consumption compared to the current payment system. Energy efficient designs limit payment system actors and redundancies. For distributed ledger technologies (DLT), the key factors affecting energy consumption are the ability to control participation and the consensus algorithm. Estimates for prospective non-DLT digital currencies match the lowest energy consumption of the DLT-based designs. We discuss the relation between these findings and the energy profile of potential Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) that are under consideration.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Crypto assets; Digital currencies; CBDC; Distributed ledger technology; Energy consumption
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【影响因子】5.033
【主题类别】
--
【Abstract】Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks continue to grow at a rapid rate plaguing Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and individuals in a stealthy way. Thus, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) must evolve to cope with these increasingly sophisticated and challenging security threats. Traditional IDSs are prone to zero-day attacks since they are usually signature-based detection systems. The recent advent of machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) techniques can help strengthen these IDSs. However, the lack of up-to-date labeled training datasets makes these ML/DL based IDSs inefficient. The privacy nature of these datasets and widespread emergence of adversarial attacks make it difficult for major organizations to share their sensitive data. Federated Learning (FL) is gaining momentum from both academia and industry as a new sub-field of ML that aims to train a global statistical model across multiple distributed users, referred to as collaborators, without sharing their private data. Due to its privacy-preserving nature, FL has the potential to enable privacy-aware learning between a large number of collaborators. This paper presents a novel framework, called MiTFed, that allows multiple software defined networks (SDN) domains ($i.e.,$ collaborators) to collaboratively build a global intrusion detection model without sharing their sensitive datasets. In particular, MiTFed consists of: (1) a novel distributed architecture that allows multiple SDN based domains to securely collaborate in order to cope with sophisticated security threats while preserving the privacy of each SDN domain; (2) a novel Secure Multiparty Computation (SMPC) scheme to securely aggregate local model updates; and (3) a blockchain based scheme that uses Ethereum smart contracts to maintain the collaboration in a fully decentralized, trustworthy, flexible, and efficient manner. To the best of our knowledge, MiTFed is the first framework that leverages FL, blockchain and SDN technologies to mitigate the new emerging security threats in large scale. To evaluate MiTFed, we conduct several experiments using real-world network attacks; the experimental results using the well-known public network security dataset NSL-KDD show that MiTFed achieves efficiency and high accuracy in detecting the new emerging security threats in both binary and multi-class classification while preserving the privacy of collaborators, making it a promising framework to cope with the new emerging security threats in SDN.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchains; Collaboration; Intrusion detection; Feature extraction; Data models; Data privacy; Federated learning; DDoS; IDS; Federated Learning; SDN; Blockchain; SMPC; Smart contracts
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【Author】 Vakilinia, Iman Wang, Weihong Xin, Jiajun
【影响因子】5.033
【主题类别】
--
【Abstract】The dominance of a few big companies in the storage market arising various concerns including single point of failure, privacy violation, and oligopoly. To eliminate the dependency on such a centralized storage architecture, several Decentralized Storage Network (DSN) schemes such as Filecoin, Sia, and Storj have been introduced. DSNs leverage blockchain technology to create a storage platform such that the micro storage providers can also participate in the storage market. To verify the accurate data storage by the storage providers during a storage contract, DSNs apply a Proof of Storage (PoS) scheme to continuously inspect the storage service. However, continuous verification of the storage provider imposes an extra cost to the network and therefore end-users. Moreover, DSN's PoS verification is vulnerable to a service denying attack in which the storage provider submits valid PoS to the network while denying the service to the client. Considering the benefits and existing challenges of DSNs, this paper introduces a novel incentive-compatible DSN scheme. In this scheme, the PoS is conducted only if the client submits a challenge request. We model the storage service as a non-cooperative repeated dynamic game and set the players' payoffs such that the storage provider's dominant strategy is to honestly follow the storage contract. Our proposed mechanism leverages the smart-contract and oracle network to govern the storage agreement between the client and storage provider efficiently. Furthermore, our scheme is independent of a specific blockchain platform but can be plugged into any blockchain platform with smart-contract execution capability. As a proof of concept, we have implemented our scheme using solidity language and chainlink oracle network. The performance analysis demonstrates the applicability of our scheme. The outcome of this paper is a new incentive-compatible mechanism designed carefully for the blockchain-based DSN. The proposed mechanism utilizes different tools including game-theory, smart-contract, oracle network, and Merkle tree to improve the security and performance of storage verification in DSN.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; decentralized storage network; mechanism design; smart contract
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【影响因子】4.747
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-DAO
【Abstract】The governance technology of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) provides an effective solution for solving existing organizational management issues. Governance mechanisms of DAOs are usually encoded in smart contracts in the form of rule sets and executed automatically. However, the mechanism's logical flaws and code errors expose DAOs to unpredictable risks. Complex adaptive dynamics computer-aided design (CadCAD) can test the effectiveness of the mechanisms through simulation. Nonetheless, as DAOs are typical complex systems with social and engineering complexity, managing, controlling, and supervising their operation through traditional methods are difficult. The parallel intelligence theory based on artificial societies, computational experiments, and parallel execution (ACP) method provides an effective research framework and practical method for solving DAOs' governance issues. Therefore, in this article, we propose a parallel mechanism verification method and execution system, namely, complex adaptive systems for computer-aided dynamic design (casCAD2) as an extension of cadCAD. Leveraging parallel intelligence and cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS), casCAD2 is capable of probing into the laws that govern system evolution within a simulated environment. It serves as a robust tool for verifying the efficacy of DAOs' mechanisms and predicting their potential risks. We also build a parallel market-based anchoring mechanism (MAM) system to demonstrate how it can be used for DAOs' mechanism verification. This study can provide a new research method and application system for DAOs' effective governance.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; complex adaptive systems for computer-aided dynamic design (casCAD2); decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs); parallel governance; parallel intelligence; smart contracts
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【影响因子】3.850
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-建筑领域
区块链治理-市场治理-技术采用
【Abstract】PurposeBlockchain has the potential to facilitate a paradigm shift in the construction industry toward effectiveness, transparency and collaboration. However, there is currently a paucity of empirical evidence from real-world construction projects. This study aims to systematically review blockchain adoption barriers, investigate critical ones and propose corresponding solutions.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated method was adopted in this research based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) theory and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach. Blockchain adoption barriers were first presented using the TOE framework. Then, key barriers were identified based on the importance and causality analysis in the fuzzy DEMATEL. Several suggestions were proposed to facilitate blockchain diffusion from the standpoints of the government, the industry and construction organizations.FindingsThe results highlighted seven key barriers. Specifically, the construction industry is more concerned with environmental barriers, such as policy uncertainties (E2) and technology maturity (E3), while most technical barriers are causal factors, such as "interoperability (T4)" and "smart contracts' security (T2)".Practical implicationsThis study contributes to a better understanding of the problem associated with blockchain implementation and provides policymakers with recommendations.Originality/valueIdentified TOE barriers lay the groundwork for theoretical observations to comprehend the blockchain adoption problem. This research also applied the fuzzy method to blockchain adoption barrier analysis, which can reduce the uncertainty and subjectivity in expert evaluations with a small sample.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain adoption; Barrier; TOE; Fuzzy DEMATEL; Construction industry
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 实证数据
【Author】 Weerapperuma, Umesha Sasanthi Rathnasinghe, Akila Pramodh Jayasena, Himal Suranga Wijewickrama, Chamitha Sanjani Thurairajah, Niraj
【影响因子】3.850
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-建筑领域
区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约
【Abstract】PurposeA novel facet of the construction industry's (CI) digital transformation relates to the rise of smart contracts, and the contribution of blockchain technology in this domain appears to be nascent but rapidly gaining traction. Although the benefits of digitalisation for technologically less enthusiastic CI are irrefutable, the adoption of smart contracts has been found to be low pertaining to industry professionals' behavioural factors stimulated by technological perception. The challenge undertook by this study, therefore, is to develop a knowledge framework for blockchain-enabled smart contract adoption in the CI.Design/methodology/approachFrom a methodological perspective, this study employed a qualitative approach that involved semi-structured interviews with ten (10) highly experienced CI practitioners involved in digital innovations for data collection. Directed content analysis was performed using NVivo 12 software, which enabled the creation of preliminary open codes. Subsequently, these open codes were grouped into similar categories to develop axial codes. Finally, the study presented final themes along with their corresponding descriptions.FindingsNotably, research findings expanded the current body of knowledge on perceived attributes and their measurement items to determine the perception of innovation adoption in CI, where a total of nine (9) perceived attributes were associated with thirty-two (32) measurement items.Originality/valueThe measurement items were seen as having an extensive impact on the CI professionals' decision to adopt blockchain-enabled smart contracts. With ensuing implications, this study represents one of the first to present a knowledge framework exclusively customised for blockchain-enabled smart contracts, laying the groundwork for effective technological adoption by CI professionals.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain; Construction industry (CI); Diffusion of innovation; Innovation adoption; Knowledge management; Smart contracts
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 理论模型
【影响因子】3.752
【主题类别】
区块链治理-技术治理-异常/非法交易识别
【Abstract】Non-Fungible Token (NFT) markets are one of the fastest growing digital markets today, with the sales during the third quarter of 2021 exceeding $10 billions! Nevertheless, these emerging markets-similar to traditional emerging marketplaces-can be seen as a great opportunity for illegal activities (e.g., money laundering, sale of illegal goods etc.). In this study we focus on a specific marketplace, namely NBA TopShot, that facilitates the purchase and (peer-to-peer) trading of sports collectibles. Our objective is to build a framework that is able to label peer-to-peer transactions on the platform as anomalous or not. To achieve our objective we begin by building a model for the profit to be made by selling a specific collectible on the platform. We then use RFCDE-a random forest model for the conditional density of the dependent variable-to model the errors from the profit models. This step allows us to estimate the probability of a transaction being anomalous. We finally label as anomalous any transaction whose aforementioned probability is less than 1%. Given the absence of ground truth for evaluating the model in terms of its classification of transactions, we analyze the trade networks formed from these anomalous transactions and compare it with the full trade network of the platform. Our results indicate that these two networks are statistically different when it comes to network metrics such as, edge density, closure, node centrality and node degree distribution. This network analysis provides additional evidence that these transactions do not follow the same patterns that the rest of the trades on the platform follow. However, we would like to emphasize here that this does not mean that these transactions are also illegal. These transactions will need to be further audited from the appropriate entities to verify whether or not they are illicit.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 实证数据
【影响因子】3.476
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域
【Abstract】In recent times, the emergence of the Metaverse has garnered worldwide attention as an innovative digital space that holds immense potential to provide a wide range of health services to medical professionals and patients. With increasing stress on healthcare systems, it has become crucial to explore the latest and cost-effective solutions that can provide fast and reliable medical services. The focus of this study, therefore, is to explore applications of metaverse in various health care systems and elaborate on how it can efficiently improve the clinical management of patients. Consequently, an in-depth assessment of the metaverse has been carried out, while covering its core fundamentals, key technologies, and diverse applications in healthcare and medicine, including but not limited to, emergency response learning, hands-on experience in anatomy learning, orthopaedics, paediatrics and so on. To carry out the study, we have used an exploratory approach to analyze qualitative data on healthcare metaverse services in our systematic review. Relevant articles from scientific databases such as Web of Science, Springer, Scopus, and IEEE have been identified, and the analysis has been conducted using the PRISMA reporting guideline to ensure transparent and comprehensive reporting. The results of the study suggest that the metaverse has the potential to transform healthcare systems by introducing novel methods for delivering healthcare services. Metaverse's AR/VR technologies can enable remote medical consultations and training, benefiting patients and healthcare professionals. Additionally, patients can access health-related information and resources, empowering them to manage their health better and make more informed decisions.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Medical services; Metaverse; Surgery; Systematics; Biomedical imaging; Artificial intelligence; Medical treatment; Computer aided instruction; Augmented reality; INDEX TERMS; Medical robotics; surgical simulators; computer-assisted treatments; pre-operative counseling; augmented reality; artificial intelligence; robotic surgery; orthopedics
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 综述
【Author】 Gaba, Priyanka Raw, Ram Shringar
【影响因子】3.310
【主题类别】
--
【Abstract】With the revolution in technology, VANET has emerged as a new generation of technology and used globally for intelligent traffic management systems. VANET uses a PKI-based protocol to maintain privacy and security. Still, some crucial issues remain unresolved, like blind belief in communicated messages, lack of vehicle's interest in participation, revealing the sender vehicle's identity, and maintaining integrity. The solution to these issues will prevent vehicles from propagating fake messages while concurrently protecting the confidentiality of each involved vehicle against tracking attacks. Blockchain, a peer-to-peer, immutable, distributed ledger-based technology, can be adapted as a robust solution to overcome critical challenges and make VANET more secure and reliable. This paper proposes a novel blockchain-based VANET architecture, blockchain-based vehicular ad-hoc network (B-VANET), implemented on the Hyperledger Fabric platform. B-VANET aims to secure the network by validating road events before actually updating it on the network. For validation, the trust factor of each vehicle and their past involvement in the network is maintained. Trust factor value decides the trustworthiness of a vehicle. Based on this trust factor, a dynamic endorsement policy is designed. Endorsement policy, part of the smart contract, plays a vibrant role in Hyperledger Fabric. It decides how many and which particular peers can endorse the transaction to make it valid and add it to the ledger. Multiple possible approaches to endorsement policies are identified for B-VANET and are analyzed using the Hyperledger Caliper tool. These approaches are evaluated for data integrity, confidentiality, and real-time system issues. An appropriate approach for the B-VANET system is recognized, giving the best throughput and latency in all possible scenarios. It is analyzed that compared to the worst approach, the best approach achieves an almost 15% increase in throughput and reduces latency by nearly half. We also compared the performance of B-VANET and other approaches to show that our proposed system better meets VANET's security needs.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【DOI】 10.1002/ett.4822
【Author】 Goncharov, Sergey Nechesov, Andrey
【影响因子】2.592
【主题类别】
--
【Abstract】The increasing use of artificial intelligence algorithms, smart contracts, the internet of things, cryptocurrencies, and digital money highlights the need for secure and sustainable decentralized solutions. Currently, the blockchain technology serves as the backbone for most decentralized systems. However, the question of axiomatization of the blockchain theory in the first-order logic has been open until today, despite the efficient computational implementations of these systems. This did not allow one to formalize the blockchain structure, as well as to model and verify it using logical methods. This work introduces a finitely axiomatizable blockchain theory T that defines a class of blockchain structures K using the axioms of the first-order logic. The models of the theory T are well-known blockchain implementations with the proof of work consensus algorithm, including Bitcoin, Ethereum (PoW version), Ethereum Classic, and some others. By utilizing mathematical logic, we can study these models and derive new theorems of the theory T through automatic proofs. Also, the axiomatization of blockchain opens up new opportunities to develop blockchain-based systems that can help solve some of the open problems in the fields of artificial intelligence, robotics, cryptocurrencies, etc.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】first order logic; blockchain; blockchain axiomatization; bitcoin; ethereum; XAI; artificial intelligence; AI; robotics; DeFi; IoT; smart contracts
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【DOI】 10.3390/math11132966
【影响因子】1.914
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-NFT
【Abstract】This paper presents a survey of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), including its history, technologies, standards, and challenges in their development. An NFT is a unique digital entity that is created and maintained using blockchain technology. Each NFT is identified using a unique smart contract and a token ID, so the whole history of the NFT can be globally identified by its address and token ID. The blockchain information indelibly identifies the current owner of any asset, previous owners, and original creator. NFTs are used to manage ownership of digital and physical assets and cryptocurrencies. The prices of popular NFTs have become very high, and the market for them has overheated in recent years. NFT technology and its ecosystem have evolved since Quantum, the first NFT, was stored in the Namecoin blockchain. Ethereum has become the main platform for NFT projects because it provides support for smart contracts. Currently, almost all NFT projects are launched on the Ethereum blockchain. NFT has two major standards called ERC-721 and ERC-1155, which have had important functions in the development of NFT. Starting with these two standards, other standards for NFT continue to emerge; they expand the functionality of NFT such as by adding utility. However, NFT is a very early technology, and it has not been long after the NFT concept was created and used. So there are several challenges for further improving NFT technology, in terms of usability, interoperability, and evolution. This paper presents a survey of NFT, including its history, technologies, standards, and challenges of NFT.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】 综述
【DOI】 10.1002/nem.2245
【Author】 Wu, Liang Zhang, Weifang
【影响因子】1.652
【主题类别】
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【Abstract】Utilizing wavelet coherence analysis, we investigate the correlation of fluctuations and phase differences between Bitcoin and RMB to identify capital flows between the two currencies. The effects of Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) on their co-movement are further analyzed. Our findings reveal that the RMB exchange rate leads the price of Bitcoin in all significant co-movement areas. Furthermore, it appears that from February 2017 to September 2018, the Sino-US trade frictions and US dollar interest rate hikes may have resulted in a long-term negative co-movement, which seems to have been driven by RMB and possibly indicated capital flows from RMB to Bitcoin. The short-term positive co-movement between November 2019 and July 2020 could be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we also demonstrate that the DCEP trial event has the potential to strengthen the positive co-movement between these currencies.
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【Keywords】Bitcoin; DCEP; RMB exchange rate; wavelet coherence analysis
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】
【Author】 Frei, Christoph Huang, Qianhong
【影响因子】1.219
【主题类别】
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【Abstract】To analyze how digital currencies affect trading and prices in over-the-counter markets, we introduce a search and bargaining model where agents transact in traditional and digital currencies. The digital currency has lower transaction costs, but part of the population is reluctant to use it. Maximizing each agent's expected utility, we characterize the agents' distribution in the steady state and explicitly determine when participants of the digital currency cease to trade with non-participants. Although people unwilling or unable to use the digital currency have fewer trading opportunities, their expected utility is not diminished compared to a situation without digital currency.
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【Keywords】Digital currency; Payment systems; Over-the-counter markets; Stablecoins; Central bank digital currency
【发表时间】2023
【收录时间】2023-08-04
【文献类型】