【Author】 Cevik, Emrah Ismail Gunay, Samet Dibooglu, Sel Yildirim, Durmus Cagri

【Source】FINANCE RESEARCH LETTERS

【影响因子】9.848

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】This study examines the impact of two critical events, the introduction of Bitcoin futures and the COVID-19 pandemic, on Bitcoin's returns and volatility. We find that the inception of Bitcoin futures (positively) impacts its returns in the spot market while no significant interaction occurs for volatilities. The pandemic does not seem to influence Bitcoin's returns or volatility, which is consistent with the notion that Bitcoin is insulated from some global economic developments. Our tests also reveal that Bitcoin spot prices dominate its futures. This information might be useful for investors in capturing trend reversals considering the order of information disseminated.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin futures; Bitcoin volatility; COVID-19 pandemic; Adaptive FIGARCH

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.frl.2023.103768

【Author】 Huynh-The, Thien Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Wang, Weizheng Yenduri, Gokul Ranaweera, Pasika Pham, Quoc-Viet da Costa, Daniel Benevides Liyanage, Madhusanka

【Source】FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE

【影响因子】7.307

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】Since Facebook officially changed its name to Meta in Oct. 2021, the metaverse has become a new norm of social networks and three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. The metaverse aims to bring 3D immersive and personalized experiences to users by leveraging many pertinent technologies. Despite great attention and benefits, a natural question in the metaverse is how to secure its users' digital content and data. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution owing to its distinct features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. To better understand the role of blockchain in the metaverse, we aim to provide an extensive survey on the applications of blockchain for the metaverse. We first present a preliminary to blockchain and the metaverse and highlight the motivations behind the use of blockchain for the metaverse. Next, we extensively discuss blockchain-based methods for the metaverse from technical perspectives, such as data acquisition, data storage, data sharing, data interoperability, and data privacy preservation. For each perspective, we first discuss the technical challenges of the metaverse and then highlight how blockchain can help. Moreover, we investigate the impact of blockchain on key-enabling technologies in the metaverse, including Internet-of-Things, digital twins, multi-sensory and immersive applications, artificial intelligence, and big data. We also present some major projects to showcase the role of blockchain in metaverse applications and services. Finally, we present some promising directions to drive further research innovations and developments toward the use of blockchain in the metaverse in the future. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Metaverse; Smart contracts; Privacy; Vertical applications

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1016/j.future.2023.02.008

【Author】 Mensi, Walid Gubareva, Mariya Ko, Hee-Un Vo, Xuan Vinh Kang, Sang Hoon

【Source】FINANCIAL INNOVATION

【影响因子】6.793

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】This study investigates tail dependence among five major cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Ripple, and Bitcoin Cash, and uncertainties in the gold, oil, and equity markets. Using the cross-quantilogram method and quantile connectedness approach, we identify cross-quantile interdependence between the analyzed variables. Our results show that the spillover between cryptocurrencies and volatility indices for the major traditional markets varies substantially across quantiles, implying that diversification benefits for these assets may differ widely across normal and extreme market conditions. Under normal market conditions, the total connectedness index is moderate and falls below the elevated values observed under bearish and bullish market conditions. Moreover, we show that under all market conditions, cryptocurrencies have a leadership influence over the volatility indices. Our results have important policy implications for enhancing financial stability and deliver valuable insights for deploying volatility-based financial instruments that can potentially provide cryptocurrency investors with suitable hedges, as we show that cryptocurrency and volatility markets are insignificantly (weakly) connected under normal (extreme) market conditions.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Cryptocurrency; Uncertainty indices; Quantile spillover; Cross-quantilogram

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1186/s40854-023-00498-y

【Author】 Niu, Yukun Wei, Lingbo Zhang, Chi Liu, Jianqing Fang, Yuguang

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY

【影响因子】6.239

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-通信领域

【Abstract】Anonymous yet accountable authentication can protect users' privacy and security and prevent users from misbehaving when they access public Wi-Fi hotspots. However, most existing privacy-enhanced authentication schemes either do not meet the accountability requirements in public Wi-Fi hotspot access or they are inherently dependent on trusted third parties, and therefore are undeployable in practical settings. In this paper, we design and implement an access authentication scheme to simultaneously and efficiently provide anonymity and accountability without relying on any trusted third party by utilizing a permissionless blockchain (e.g., Bitcoin or Ethereum) and Intel SGX. Inspired by the recent progress on Bitcoin techniques such as Colored Coins, we utilize the unmodified Bitcoin blockchain as the powerful platform to manage access credentials without introducing any trusted third party. We leverage SGX-based mixer to allow users to anonymously exchange their access credentials and design the verification path of access credentials to support blacklisting misbehaving access credentials without compromising users' anonymity. By integrating with the anti-double-spending property of the Bitcoin blockchain, our scheme can simultaneously provide users' accountability and anonymity without involving any trusted third party. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposed scheme is compatible with the current Bitcoin system or other permissionless blockchains, and is highly effective and practical for public Wi-Fi hotspot access control systems.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Authentication; Blockchains; Wireless fidelity; Bitcoin; Blocklists; Encryption; Protocols; authentication

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/TVT.2022.3218528

【Author】 Divakaruni, Anantha Zimmerman, Peter

【Source】MANAGEMENT SCIENCE FT50 UTD24

【影响因子】6.172

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】In April 2020, the U.S. government sent economic impact payments (EIPs) directly to households as part of its measures to address the COVID-19 pandemic. We characterize these stimulus checks as a wealth shock for households and examine their effect on retail trading in Bitcoin. We find a significant increase in Bitcoin buy trades of size $1,200, which is the modal EIP amount. We find similar increases in trading for other countries that paid out stimulus checks. We estimate that the EIPs have a significant impact on the U.S. dollar-Bitcoin trading pair, increasing buy volume by 3.8% and the price by 0.6%. We also find that demand for Bitcoin is highly price inelastic compared with the demand for stocks. We suggest the demographic characteristics that make people more resilient to the COVID19 economic shock-single, computer literate, and educated-are also characteristics of people who are more interested in Bitcoin.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin; COVID-19; retail trading; stimulus checks

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.1287/mnsc.2023.4790

【Author】 Schoebel, Sofia Marlena Leimeister, Jan Marco

【Source】ELECTRONIC MARKETS

【影响因子】6.017

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】Traditionally, the metaverse has been defined as a virtual reality space in which users can interact with a computer-generated environment and other users. Nowadays, it is much more than that-the metaverse can be described as a variety of digital platforms and ecosystems, with each ecosystem as an independent universe with its own material, complementors, and functionalities. Creating metaverse ecosystems and integrated platforms results in different roles and responsibilities for complementors, consumers, platform owners, and orchestrators. The term metaverse platforms is further structured and clarified by four perspectives: innovation, production, transaction, and social interaction. Consequently, this fundamental paper defines it as: "A Metaverse is a massively scaled and interoperable meta-ecosystem of other digital ecosystems of real-time rendered 3D virtual worlds which can be experienced synchronously and persistently by an unlimited number of complementors and consumers with an increased user experience caused by a creativity-guided co-creation of goods managed by orchestrators and supported by platform owners." Consequently, the metaverse offers vast opportunities for digital innovations beyond traditional social media or computer games and creates new infrastructures for add-on innovations in all areas of the digital economy.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Metaverse; Platform; Ecosystem

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.1007/s12525-023-00623-w

【Author】 Binbusayyis, Adel Vaiyapuri, Thavavel

【Source】ICT EXPRESS

【影响因子】4.754

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-人力资源领域

【Abstract】The journey towards Industry 4.0 have driven the workforce with the need for continuous competency development to stay on top of their profession and remain attractive to their employers. In this context, E-Portfolio has been conceived as a promising tool for both professionals and employers, in assessing and providing guidance for further workplace learning. Nevertheless, the challenges in implementing E-Portfolio are daunting, particularly with regard to lack of interoperability while collecting and sharing the competency evidences across multiple organizations and institutions. The increasing move towards professional (learner)-centered interoperability poses additional challenges that needs to be addressed to realize the full potential of E-Portfolio in the context of Industry 4.0. This work puts emphasize on realization of professional-centered interoperability and proposes a framework leveraging the advantage of blockchain, decentralized storage system interplanetary file system, smart contract and session management for E-Portfolio creation and sharing evidences across multiple organizations without comprising the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the shared evidences. The proof of concept simulation on Ethereum official test network Rinkeby demonstrates the feasibility of proposed framework in practice. In addition, the evaluation of the proposed framework demonstrates its effectiveness from the aspects of cost and security as a potential solution for implementing E-Portfolio and helping the professional to remain competitive in global labor market.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Lifelong learning; Learner-centered interoperability; Data sharing; Blockchain; Smart Contract; Session management; Industrial IoT

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1016/j.icte.2022.03.010

【Author】 Goodell, John W. Alon, Ilan Chiaramonte, Laura Dreassi, Alberto Paltrinieri, Andrea Pisera, Stefano

【Source】EMERGING MARKETS REVIEW

【影响因子】4.359

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】We investigate the impact of BRICS regulatory announcements on cryptocurrency volatilities and returns. Results evidence risk substitutions after announcements moving from ETH, XRP and LTC to BTC and vice versa, with BTC having volatility reactions to regulatory announcements that differ from those of other cryptocurrencies. Bootstrap quantile regression indicates a stronger detrimental impact of announcements when BTC is currently manifesting lower volatility and higher daily returns. Robustness checks confirm our findings, as well as evidence that the cryp-tocurrencies in our sample are considerably more reactive to BRICS announcements than US Fed announcements, suggesting important linkages between emerging markets and cryptocurrencies.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin; Ethereum; Ripple; Litecoin; Cryptocurrencies; BRICS; Emerging markets; Regulatory announcements; FED

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.ememar.2022.100938

【Author】 Alshahrani, Norah M. Kiah, M. L. Mat Zaidan, B. B. Alamoodi, A. H. Saif, Abdu

【Source】CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA

【影响因子】3.860

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约

【Abstract】A smart contract is a digital program of transaction protocol (rules of contract) based on the consensus architecture of blockchain. Smart con-tracts with Blockchain are modern technologies that have gained enormous attention in scientific and practical applications. A smart contract is the cen-tral aspect of a blockchain that facilitates blockchain as a platform outside the cryptocurrency spectrum. The development of blockchain technology, with a focus on smart contracts, has advanced significantly in recent years. However, research on the smart contract idea has weaknesses in the implementation sectors based on a decentralized network that shares an identical state. This paper extensively reviews smart contracts based on multi-criteria analysis, challenges and motivations. Therefore, implementing blockchain in multi -criteria research is required to increase the efficiency of interaction between users via supporting information exchange with high trust. Implementing blockchain in the multi-criteria analysis is necessary to increase the efficiency of interaction between users via supporting information exchange and with high confidence, detecting malfunctioning, helping users with performance issues, reaching a consensus, deploying distributed solutions and allocating plans, tasks and joint missions. The smart contract with decision-making performance, planning and execution improves the implementation based on efficiency, sustainability and management. Furthermore, the uncertainty and supply chain performance lead to improved users' confidence in offering new solutions in exchange for problems in smart contacts. Evaluation includes code analysis and performance, while development performance can be under development.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; smart contract; MCDM; MADM

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.32604/cmc.2023.036138

【Author】 Tonelli, Roberto Pierro, Giuseppe Antonio Ortu, Marco Destefanis, Giuseppe

【Source】PLOS ONE

【影响因子】3.752

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约

【Abstract】Smart contracts (SC) are software programs that reside and run over a blockchain. The code can be written in different languages with the common purpose of implementing various kinds of transactions onto the hosting blockchain. They are ruled by the blockchain infrastructure with the intent to automatically implement the typical conditions of traditional contracts. Programs must satisfy context-dependent constraints which are quite different from traditional software code. In particular, since the bytecode is uploaded in the hosting blockchain, the size, computational resources, interaction between different parts of the program are all limited. This is true even if the specific programming languages implement more or less the same constructs as that of traditional languages: there is not the same freedom as in normal software development. The working hypothesis used in this article is that Smart Contract specific constraints should be captured by specific software metrics (that may differ from traditional software metrics). We tested this hypothesis on 85K Smart Contracts written in Solidity and uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain. We analyzed Smart Contracts from two repositories "Etherscan" and "Smart Corpus" and we computed the statistics of a set of software metrics related to Smart Contracts and compared them to the metrics extracted from more traditional software projects. Our results show that generally, Smart Contract metrics have more restricted ranges than the corresponding metrics in traditional software systems. Some of the stylized facts, like power law in the tail of the distribution of some metrics, are only approximate but the lines of code follow a log-normal distribution which reminds us of the same behaviour already found in traditional software systems.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1371/journal.pone.0281043

【Author】 Kuru, Kaya

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-智慧城市

【Abstract】The movie - The Matrix (1999) - boosted our imagination about how further we can be immersed within the cyber world, i.e., how further the cyber world can be indistinguishable from the real world. Nobody, including the creators, had expected that the aspirational fictional virtual worlds such as "ActiveWorlds (1995)" and "Second Life (2003)" would impact the way of experiencing our real urban environments with many urban experiences embedded into a rich featured 3D environment. Are we going to stay as ourselves while existing in a mirror world? Are the fabricated, created imaginary worlds becoming a part of real worlds or vice versa? The recent once-in-a-lifetime pandemic has confirmed the importance of location and time-independent Digital Twins (DTs) (i.e., virtual scale models) of cities and their automated services which can provide everybody with equity and accessibility. This study analyses how the metaverse (3D elevation of linear Internet), that aims to build high-fidelity virtual worlds with which to interact with, can be engaged within the Smart City (SC) ecosystem with high immersive Quality of Experiences (QoE) leading to increased Quality of Life (QoL). An urban metaverse ecosystem framework - MetaOmniCity - is designed to demonstrate a variety of insights and orchestrational directions for policymakers, city planners and all other stakeholders about how to transform data-driven SCs with DTs into virtually inhabitable cities with a network of shared urban experiences from a metaverse point of view. MetaOmniCity, allowing the metaversification of cities with granular virtual societies, i.e., MetaSocieties, and eliminating the boundaries between the real world and their virtual counterparts can be shaped to the particular requirements and features of cities. Urban metaverse shared worlds, an extension of residents and urban society, where the virtual and the physically real blend and are more organically integrated, would impact urban ways of living significantly with many practical implementations. This would open doors for potential businesses with tremendous global economic value by democratising skills/assets within an urban environment, paving the way for immersive globalisation with the bigger and richer metaverse of Country (MoC) and metaverse of World (MoW) being an immersive DT of the broader universe with tangibly connected cities. MetaOmniCity is expected to accelerate the building, deployment, and adoption of immersive urban metaverse networks for citizens to interface with as an extension of real social and individual experiences.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Metaverse; Urban areas; Avatars; Three-dimensional displays; Ecosystems; Smart cities; Second Life; Blockchains; Virtual reality; Semantic Web; Augmented reality; smart city (SC); digital twins (DTs); avatars; blockchain; augmented reality (AR); virtual reality (VR); web 30; web3

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3272890

【Author】 Tang, Wenjie Yang, Wenzhong Tian, Xiaodan Yuan, Shaoqi

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-零知识证明

【Abstract】With the development of science and technology, the traditional centralized ballot management will lead to the risk of an opaque voting process and tampering of back-end data, and it can no longer meet the requirements of e-voting transparency and anonymity, while the distributed blockchain technology, with its features of being transparent and tamper-proof, can well solve the problems in traditional e-voting and make the ballot firmly in the hands of users. To make each node reach consensus, each node can access the complete shared ledger, and malicious nodes can analyze the transaction information in the ledger to obtain users' voting information, which makes anonymity impossible to guarantee. We propose a blockchain technology-based voting record synchronization model and an anonymous authentication model, using zk-SNARK and Merkle tree technology, that achieve user authentication and anonymous voting. In this scheme, the user's random identity address is inserted into the Merkle tree, and when voting, it is only necessary to prove that the user's identity address is in the tree to complete anonymous voting without revealing the user's real identity. This scheme meets the basic requirements of electronic voting and ensures the reliability and security of voting.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Ethereum; privacy protection; voting; zero-knowledge proof

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics12091968

【Author】 Jiang, Fan Chao, Kailin Xiao, Jianmao Liu, Qinghua Gu, Keyang Wu, Junyi Cao, Yuanlong

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约

【Abstract】As blockchain technology continues to advance, smart contracts, a core component, have increasingly garnered widespread attention. Nevertheless, security concerns associated with smart contracts have become more prominent. Although machine-learning techniques have demonstrated potential in the field of smart-contract security detection, there is still a lack of comprehensive review studies. To address this research gap, this paper innovatively presents a comprehensive investigation of smart-contract vulnerability detection based on machine learning. First, we elucidate common types of smart-contract vulnerabilities and the background of formalized vulnerability detection tools. Subsequently, we conduct an in-depth study and analysis of machine-learning techniques. Next, we collect, screen, and comparatively analyze existing machine-learning-based smart-contract vulnerability detection tools. Finally, we summarize the findings and offer feasible insights into this domain.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】machine learning; safety; smart contract; vulnerability detection; survey

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics12092046

【Author】 Zhang, Lejun Li, Yuan Guo, Ran Wang, Guopeng Qiu, Jing Su, Shen Liu, Yuan Xu, Guangxia Chen, Huiling Tian, Zhihong

【Source】JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY

【影响因子】1.813

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】With the development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. They are widely used because they can reduce the cost of trust compared with traditional contracts. At the same time, they are at risk of being hacked. Therefore, the current research on smart contract vulnerability detection is particularly important. We proposed a novel smart contract reentrancy vulnerability detection model based on BiGAS. We had conducted numerous experiments, and the experimental results showed that our model (BiGAS Detection Model) has a strong vulnerability detection ability. It achieves an accuracy and F1-score of over 93% for the detection of reentrancy vulnerabilities in smart contracts. To verify that the choice of SVM is one of the reasons for improving the performance of our method, Softmax was replaced by the SVM classifier in the model. The accuracy of the model with the classifier replaced with Softmax was 89.78% and the F1-score was 89.83%. In addition, we compared our approach with advanced automated audit tools and other deep learning-based vulnerability detection methods. Compared with the existing advanced methods, the accuracy and F1-score improvement of our model ranges from 4 to 23%. The conclusion was that our method is significantly better than the existing advanced methods in detecting smart contract reentrancy vulnerabilities.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Smart contract; Reentrancy vulnerability; Bidirectional gated recurrent neural network; SVM

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1007/s11265-023-01859-7

【Author】 Kucerova, Zuzana Kapounek, Svatopluk Fidrmuc, Jarko

【Source】INVESTMENT ANALYSTS JOURNAL

【影响因子】0.925

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】We present a wavelet analysis of retail investor attention and the daily returns of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin at five selected crypto exchanges that identifies the fractal dynamics of the short- and long-term persistent processes. The investors' attention is proxied by the Search Volume Index provided by Google at daily frequency. We detect significant temporal cyclical movements and coherence between cryptocurrency returns and retail investor attention at long investment horizons: from the beginning of 2017 to the middle of 2018 and, to a lesser degree, in 2019. Investment horizons that dominated in 2017 and 2018 were mainly driven by retail investor attention rather than by uncertainty, risk, or stock markets. Therefore, we do not confirm that cryptocurrencies can be considered a safe-haven asset in times of crisis because there is no significant negative comovement between the returns of cryptocurrencies and stock returns or economic uncertainty. Furthermore, the phase shift analysis indicates that attention can serve as a leading indicator for the cryptocurrency returns, particularly in 2017 and 2018. Therefore, retail investors are encouraged to use the Search Volume Index as an early warning indicator in case of sudden changes in the cryptocurrency returns to maximise profits or minimise losses.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cryptocurrencies; attention; Search Volume Index; wavelet analysis

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1080/10293523.2023.2198755

【Author】 Zhang, Shuai Wang, Meng Liu, Yi Zhang, Yuhan Yu, Bin

【Source】2022 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, QRS

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】Smart contracts are commonly used to build finance-related decentralized applications. If a smart contract vulnerability is exploited by an attacker, the contract owner may suffer financial losses. We focus on a particular class of smart contract vulnerabilities that require a specific sequence of multiple transactions to trigger, which we call multi-transaction sequence vulnerabilities. Due to the combinatorial explosion problem caused by the huge number of possible transaction sequences, the efficiency and scalability for existing security analyzers to detect multi-transaction sequence vulnerabilities are limited. To alleviate the problem, we propose a vulnerability detection approach based on symbolic execution and inter-path data dependency. In the approach, we first traverse paths in a contract, and record read and write operations of each path. Then, we selectively execute paths which are conducive to discovering vulnerabilities during the subsequent detection process according to inter-path data dependencies. By pruning out most paths that are not relevant to vulnerabilities, we improve the efficiency and scalability of detecting multi-transaction sequence vulnerabilities. We evaluate our approach on 442 contracts collected from CVE reports and 104 contracts with Ether leakage and suicide defects. The experimental results show that our approach reaches an average 2x speedup comparing to Mythril.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Symbolic execution; smart contract; vulnerability detection; transaction sequence; data dependency

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/QRS57517.2022.00068

【Author】 Wang, Yichuan Fan, Rui Yin, Xinyue Hei, Xinhong

【Source】IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS (INFOCOM WKSHPS)

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-机器推理

【Abstract】With the urgent demand for interpretability and generalization of artificial intelligence decision-making process, machine reasoning based on production rules provides an auditable scheme for knowledge construction process. Aiming at the problems of traditional machine reasoning, such as lack of trusted storage, reasoning and difficulty in tracing results, this paper proposes a trusted machine reasoning process storage scheme based on blockchain. In this scheme, the fact and rule storage and trusted machine reasoning algorithm are encapsulated in the alliance blockchain smart contract, to realize the trusted reasoning and reliable storage in the whole reasoning process and ensure the transparency and traceability of rule logic update.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Machine Reasoning; Smart Contract; Production rule; Trusted Reasoning

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS54753.2022.9798020

【Author】 Yin, Hao Cao, Dongyu Zhou, Ying

【Source】2022 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY, AND SECURITY COMPANION, QRS-C

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-隐私保护

【Abstract】With the wide application of blockchain technology, the user privacy information involved in Ethereum is increasingly rich. But with the introduction of de-anonymization technologies, more and more attacks may lead to the disclosure of user privacy information. In this paper, as a user privacy protection approach, RandomMix is proposed based on account mixing and transaction value encryption. We conduct experiments on the real transactions on Ethereum and find out that RandomMix can resist account clustering attack, transaction fingerprint analysis attack and Sybil attack. Meanwhile, RandomMix consume less gas compared with other approaches.

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【Keywords】Ethereum; privacy protection; mixing; encryp-tion

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/QRS-C57518.2022.00124

【Author】 Balaz, Anton Mados, Branislav Pietrikova, Emilia

【Source】2023 IEEE 21ST WORLD SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED MACHINE INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATICS, SAMI

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链技术-平台项目-数字货币

【Abstract】This paper describes the author's additions to Minecraft and Bitcoin. The topic of the paper is an implementation of modification into the popular game Minecraft, which demonstrates basic user concepts of cryptocurrency Bitcoin in a simple and free of charge manner.

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【Keywords】Bitcoin; gamification; Minecraft

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/SAMI58000.2023.10044510

【Author】 Sun, Jinlei Huang, Song Wang, Xingya Wang, Meijuan Du, Jinhu

【Source】2022 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, QRS

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】Blockchain Digital Assets (BDAs) are intangible assets issued based on blockchain, providing a new paradigm for managing digital assets. Smart contracts are programs running on the blockchain and enhance the flexibility of BDA in a programmable way. However, scarcity defects in smart contracts can lead to abnormal changes in the number of BDA and affect their worth. Software invariants are logical assertions that a program fragment needs to remain faithful during execution and work well in defect detection. This paper studies the scarcity defect detection method of smart contract digital assets based on invariant analysis for the first time. First, we point out eight scarcity defects in three categories and describe their examples. Next, we propose two invariants-transfer invariant and swap invariant-that should be maintained in digital assets' management and transaction process. Then, we use the two invariants as test oracles and propose an oracle-based method to detect scarcity defects in smart contract. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method on a real-world smart contract dataset. The experimental results show that our method can effectively detect scarcity defects in smart contracts and improve the scarcity defect detection capability of existing smart contract testing tools.

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【Keywords】Blockchain Digital Assets; smart contract; scarcity defects; invariants; test oracle

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/QRS57517.2022.00018

【Author】 Gu, Qiqi Ke, Wei Yang, Yilong

【Source】2022 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, EUC

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约

【Abstract】A smart contract is a program running on a blockchain platform. Smart devices send data to smart contracts or change their own status based on smart contracts. Businesses want to use smart devices and smart contracts to streamline workflow because smart contracts reduce the need in trusted intermediators and cut down enforcement costs. However, developing smart contract applications is challenging due to different memory models, different interaction models, and a dearth of supporting tools and libraries. When developers are asked to reimplement conventional applications to smart contracts, it is thus ideal to automatically transform them, avoiding manual labor, as well as ensuring reliability and security. This paper contributes a set of rules to transform conventional applications in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern into smart contracts running on Hyperledger Fabric, a blockchain platform preferred by businesses. Major transformations are performed in the model, while in the controller, model calls are replaced by smart contract calls. The source application and the target smart contract are all written in Java. Our rules add read-your-writes consistency that Hyperledger Fabric does not natively support. Runtime pre- and post-condition checking in the original application is supported in the transformed smart contract. We evaluated our rules on CoCoME and other MVC applications, and all code ran correctly and passed unit tests.

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【Keywords】Smart contract; Hyperledger fabric; IoT; Code generation; Transformation

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/EUC57774.2022.00025

【Author】 Qian, Chen Hu, Tianyuan Li, Bixin

【Source】2022 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, QRS

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】Smart contracts are applications running on the blockchain which control many virtual currencies. Since smart contracts are composed of code, they inevitably have defects. In recent years, many smart contract defects have caused lots of economic losses and harmful impacts. A contract that has defects may have some errors that cause unwanted results. As smart contracts cannot be modified once deployed, it is necessary to ensure that they are free from defects. In this paper, we focus on eleven defects of smart contracts and construct a deep learningbased model to detect these contract defects more accurately. Our model regards the smart contract's operation codes as a sequential sentence and uses an Attention-based bidirectional long short term memory (BiLSTM-Attention) model to find smart contract defects. We evaluate our model's and other models' performance on 45622 real-world smart contracts. The experimental results show that our model can achieve higher accuracy (95.40%) and F1-score (95.38%). In addition, our model is highly efficient and can quickly detect large numbers of contracts.

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【Keywords】smart contract; deep learning; defect detection; blockchain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/QRS57517.2022.00016

【Author】 Cao, Mingpei Zhang, Yueze Feng, Zhenxuan Hu, Jiahao Zhu, Yuesheng

【Source】2022 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, QRS

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】Decentralized cryptocurrencies are influential smart contract applications in the blockchain, drawing interest from industry and academia. The capacity to govern and manage token behavior provided by the token smart contract adds to thriving decentralized applications. However, token smart contracts face security challenges in technology weakness and manipulation risks. In this work, we briefly describe the manipulation risk and propose TokenAuditor, a fuzzing framework detecting those risks in token smart contracts. TokenAuditor constructs basic blocks based on the contract bytecodes and adopts the rarity selection and mutation strategy to generate test cases. The main idea is to select the test cases that have hit rare basic blocks since the fuzzing started as candidates and perform mutation operations on them. In our evaluation, TokenAudiotr discovered 664 manipulation risks of four types in 4021 real-world token contracts.

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【Keywords】Fuzzing; manipulation risk; smart contract security; rarity selection; blockchain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/QRS57517.2022.00071

【Author】 Singh, Japjeet Thulasiram, Ruppa Thavaneswaran, Aerambamoorthy

【Source】2022 IEEE SYMPOSIUM SERIES ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (SSCI)

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-价格预测

【Abstract】Cryptocurrencies have emerged as an alternative financial asset in the last decade, with their market growing exponentially in recent years. The price of cryptocurrencies is highly volatile and is prone to rapid swings within short periods of time. This behaviour makes them a high-risk and high-return financial asset. The efficacy of neural networks in forecasting the high frequency financial time series has become widely accepted in the research community. This work explored the use of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), a neural network based non-linear sequence model, to propose a novel algorithmic trading strategy for cryptocurrencies. The proposed novel high frequency algorithmic trading strategy built over an LSTM based short-term price forecasting is used for Bitcoin and Ethereum. This simple, yet effective trading algorithm uses the network's price forecasts to make buy and short selling decisions for cryptocurrency based on certain set criteria. The proposed trading strategy gives positive returns when backtested on Bitcoin hourly prices taken from yahoo! finance. We also verified the effectiveness of the trading strategy for Ethereum, the second largest cryptocurrency, based on the positive backtesting returns. As an extension to the study, the proposed strategy is applied on an even higher frequency (minute by minute) Bitcoin price data, and the strategy gives positive backtesting returns in this extended study. We also provide fuzzy intervals for the algorithmic return of our strategy and compare those with corresponding intervals on a simple buy and hold strategy.

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【Keywords】LSTM; Cryptocurrency; Fuzzy intervals; Membership function; Financial time series; Algorithmic Trading; High Frequency Trading; Neural Networks; Time Series Forecasting

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/SSCI51031.2022.10022021

【Author】 Zhang, Shenhui Li, Wenkai Li, Xiaoqi Liu, Boyi

【Source】2022 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY, QRS

【影响因子】

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-机器人领域

【Abstract】The Robot Operating System (ROS) streamlines human processes, increasing the efficiency of various production tasks. However, the security of data transfer operations in ROS is still in its immaturity. Securing data exchange between several robots is a significant problem. This paper proposes AuthROS, an Ethereum blockchain-based secure data sharing method, for robot communication. It is a ROS node authorization system capable of ensuring the immutability and security of private data flow between ROS nodes of any size. To ensure data security, AuthROS employs the smart contract for permission granting and identification, SM2-based key exchange, and SM4based plaintext encryption techniques. In addition, we deploy a data digest upload technique to optimize data query and upload performance. Finally, the experimental findings reveal that AuthROS has strong security, time performance, and node forging in cases where data should be recorded and robots need to remain immobile.

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【Keywords】ROS; Blockchain; Encryption Algorithm

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-06-03

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/QRS57517.2022.00025