【Author】 Ge, Chunmian Shi, Haoyue Jiang, Junhui Xu, Xiaoying

【Source】INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT

【影响因子】10.328

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】The demand for blockchain talents has surged in recent years, and there is a pressing need to understand what core skills and essential qualifications the blockchain talents demand and how employers value them in recruitment. This paper aims to reveal the crucial facts and patterns regarding the status quo of the recruitment market for blockchain-related jobs in China and clarify the heterogeneous nature of professionals demanded by blockchain-related jobs. We propose a data-driven approach by combining descriptive statistics, topic modeling, and regression analysis based on large-scale job posting data collected from a nationwide Chinese recruitment website. By this approach, we provide an overall picture of the landscape of the recruitment market for blockchain-related jobs and identify 11 skill sets that are most in-demand for blockchain-related jobs. On this basis, the skill sets of Blockchain Development and Cryptocurrency have emerged to be the most valued ones that affect salary levels: the talents mastering these two skill sets can obtain 21.4%, 10.4% higher average salaries, respectively, than those without these skills. The analyses also provide evidence that employers could attach importance to job candidates with T-shaped characteristics. Drawing on the findings, we also provide implications for blockchain practitioners.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain talent; IT professional; skill; job posting; topic modeling; recruitment market

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.im.2021.103513

【Author】 Han, Hongdan Shiwakoti, Radha K. Jarvis, Robin Mordi, Chima Botchie, David

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

【影响因子】5.111

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-审计领域

【Abstract】This paper surveys the published work on how blockchain technology will impact accounting in general, but AI-enabled auditing specifically. The purpose is to investigate how blockchain technology can improve transparency and trust in accounting practice and how professionals can use blockchain data to improve decision-making, based on the qualities of immutability, append -only, shared, verified, and agreed-upon (i.e., consensus-driven) blockchain data. The multi-party validation of blockchain protocols adds real-time trusted data for the AI systems used by auditors to improve assurance and efficiency. This review summarizes four themes emerging from the literature focusing on how blockchain technology has changed record-keeping in accounting: event approach to accounting; real-time accounting; triple entry-accounting and continuous auditing. The research interprets the findings using agency theory and stakeholder theory to advance how using blockchain to mitigate information asymmetry and improve stakeholder collaborations is understood. The investigation also summarizes the challenges and clarifies or-ganizations' reasons to be cautious about adopting blockchain. Lastly, the study suggests that future researchers use this study in two ways that enrich blockchain literature: first, to apply the themes and answer the questions identified within this review to improve the business methods of practitioners and policymakers; and second, to encourage stakeholders such as practitioners, system designers/developers, and policymakers to collaborate in designing blockchain ecosys-tems that suit accounting and auditing as they transform digitally.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Accounting; Auditing; Artificial intelligence; Blockchain; Review

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100598

【Author】 Nousias, Nikolaos Tsakalidis, George Michoulis, George Petridou, Sophia Vergidis, Kostas

【Source】SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY

【影响因子】4.199

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-科研领域

【Abstract】The global trend of credentialism as well as increased mobility in studies and work bring new requirements regarding the verification of academic qualifications. So far, traditional nostrification processes face challenges related to high process cycle times, elevated fees, and fraud incidents. In the higher education domain, blockchain-based approaches have emerged to revitalize the verification of academic qualifications, but they mostly rely on closed concepts offering their facility to a limited circle of entities. As a result, the verification of degrees is not publicly available to any third party. Moreover, in most cases, a concise process-aware approach describing the intended functionality with appropriate models is missing; this absence raises ambiguity and trust issues in the implemented application. This paper presents the design and early implementation of the VerDe (Verified Degrees) platform; a proposed blockchain-based application for registration and verification of academic qualifications. The novelty of the approach presented in this paper is the implementation of VerDe as a decentralized application utilizing Business Process Model & Notation (BPMN). This work demonstrates that usage of BPMN constructs provides an efficient method in addressing blockchain usability and complexity issues and facilitates the design and implementation of blockchain-based applications. The benefits of deploying VerDe in conjunction with BPMN are an efficient and transparent facility able to handle mobility consequences, detect fraud, and overcome administrative barriers by offering the verification capability to any third-party, and employing a custom-made token that emulates the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS).

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain vertical application; BPMN process modeling; Ethereum blockchain; ERC-20 token; Academic qualification; Verification

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102642

【Author】 Pradhan, Nihar Ranjan Singh, Akhilendra Pratap Sudha, S. V. Reddy, K. Hemanth Kumar Roy, Diptendu Sinha

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】With the electric power grid experiencing a rapid shift to the smart grid paradigm over a deregulated energy market, Internet of Things (IoT)-based solutions are gaining prominence, and innovative peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading at a micro level is being deployed. Such advancement, however, leaves traditional security models vulnerable and paves the path for blockchain, a distributed ledger technology (DLT), with its decentralized, open, and transparency characteristics as a viable alternative. However, due to deregulation in energy trading markets, most of the prototype resilience regarding cybersecurity attack, performance and scalability of transaction broadcasting, and its direct impact on overall performances and attacks are required to be supported, which becomes a performance bottleneck with existing blockchain solutions such as Hyperledger, Ethereum, and so on. In this paper, we design a novel permissioned Corda framework for P2P energy trading peers that not only mitigates a new class of cyberattacks, i.e., delay trading (or discard), but also disseminates the transactions in a optimized propagation time, resulting in a fair transaction distribution. Sharing transactions in a permissioned R3 Corda blockchain framework is handled by the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) and transport layer security (TLS). The unique contribution of this paper lies in the use of an optimized CPU and JVM heap memory scenario analysis with P2P metric in addition to a far more realistic multihosted testbed for the performance analysis. The average latencies measured are 22 ms and 51 ms for sending and receiving messages. We compare the throughput by varying different types of flow such as energy request, request + pay, transfer, multiple notary, sender, receiver, and single notary. In the proposed framework, request is an energy asset that is based on payment state and contract in the P2P energy trading module, so in request flow, only one node with no notary appears on the vault of the node.Energy request + pay flow interaction deals with two nodes, such as producer and consumer, to deal with request and transfer of asset ownership with the help of a notary. Request + repeated pay flow request, on node A and repeatedly transfers a fraction of energy asset state to another node, B, through a notary.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; distributed ledger technology (DLT); peer-to-peer energy trading; cyberattack mitigation

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/s23020670

【Author】 Mrabet, Khalid Bouanani, Faissal El Ben-Azza, Hussain

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-其他

【Abstract】Reputation management systems are essential for establishing trust among network users. They are tools for reinforcing cooperation and sanctioning malicious behavior. This importance becomes a requirement in decentralized environments such as mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), peer-to-peer systems (P2P), wireless sensor networks (WSNs), or decentralized social networks (DSNs) where there is no trusted third party to monitor and enforce good behavior among users. In this paper, we propose a dynamic decentralized reputation system that fits such network characteristics, namely decentralization, dynamism, and openness, without conceding on security. The novel system is a general-purpose system that uses blockchain to gather and supply global reputation information while remaining fully decentralized. Unlike previous works on decentralized reputation systems where reputation information is inconsistent and limited to users' direct experience and recommendations from peers (neighbors), our system gathers feedback from all over the network and stores reputation information on a distributed ledger fully accessible to all users. In terms of security, the proposed method achieves privacy utilizing secure multiparty computation, a cryptographic primitive that preserves feedback privacy even with a dishonest majority reaching n-2 malicious parties while requiring only O(n) messages. The employed techniques enable the system to achieve unique characteristics like consistency, conservation, and verifiability in addition to privacy. The security analysis we provide confirms these properties, and the performed simulation shows the protocol's effectiveness.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Protocols; Privacy; Blockchains; Computational modeling; Wireless sensor networks; Mobile computing; Costs; Blockchain; privacy; reputation; secure multiparty computation

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3239394

【Author】 Liu, Song Wang, Xiong Hui, Longshuo Wu, Weiguo

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-联邦学习

【Abstract】In recent years, federated learning has been able to provide an effective solution for data privacy protection, so it has been widely used in financial, medical, and other fields. However, traditional federated learning still suffers from single-point server failure, which is a frequent issue from the centralized server for global model aggregation. Additionally, it also lacks an incentive mechanism, which leads to the insufficient contribution of local devices to global model training. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based decentralized federated learning method, named BD-FL, to solve these problems. BD-FL combines blockchain and edge computing techniques to build a decentralized federated learning system. An incentive mechanism is introduced to motivate local devices to actively participate in federated learning model training. In order to minimize the cost of model training, BD-FL designs a preference-based stable matching algorithm to bind local devices with appropriate edge servers, which can reduce communication overhead. In addition, we propose a reputation-based practical Byzantine fault tolerance (R-PBFT) algorithm to optimize the consensus process of global model training in the blockchain. Experiment results show that BD-FL effectively reduces the model training time by up to 34.9% compared with several baseline federated learning methods. The R-PBFT algorithm can improve the training efficiency of BD-FL by 12.2%.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】decentralized federated learning; blockchain; edge computing; stable matching; consensus algorithm

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/app13031677

【Author】 Suk, Haejung Laine, Teemu H.

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】Immersive virtual reality (VR) based on head-mounted displays has been identified as one of the key interaction technologies of the future metaverse, which comprises diverse interconnected virtual worlds and users who traverse between those worlds and interact with each other. Interaction in immersive VR entails the use of avatars that represent users. Previous research has shown that avatar appearance (e.g., body type, body visibility, and realism) affects the senses of embodiment and presence, which are among the key indicators of successful immersive VR. However, research on how the similarity between an avatar's face and the user's face affects embodiment and presence is lacking. We conducted a mixed-method experiment with 23 young adults (10 males, 13 females, mean age: 25.22) involving a VR scene with rich embodiment, a virtual mirror, and interaction with a virtual character. The participants were assigned to two groups: Group 1 had avatars based on their own faces, and Group 2 had avatars based on a stranger's face. The results indicated that Group 1 experienced higher embodiment with no significant differences in presence scores. Additionally, we identified moderate and significant correlations between presence and embodiment, including their subscales. We conclude that the realism and similarity in an avatar's appearance is important for embodiment, and that both embodiment and presence are intertwined factors contributing to immersive VR user experience.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】virtual reality; presence; embodiment; avatar; realism; immersion; facial appearance

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics12030583

【Author】 Laghari, Asif Ali Khan, Abdullah Ayub Alkanhel, Reem Elmannai, Hela Bourouis, Sami

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-交通领域

【Abstract】The vast enhancement in the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is due to the impact of the distributed emerging technology and topology of the industrial IoV. It has created a new paradigm, such as the security-related resource constraints of Industry 5.0. A new revolution and dimension in the IoV popup raise various critical challenges in the existing information preservation, especially in node transactions and communication, transmission, trust and privacy, and security-protection-related problems, which have been analyzed. These aspects pose serious problems for the industry to provide vehicular-related data integrity, availability, information exchange reliability, provenance, and trustworthiness for the overall activities and service delivery prospects against the increasing number of multiple transactions. In addition, there has been a lot of research interest that intersects with blockchain and Internet of Vehicles association. In this regard, the inadequate performance of the Internet of Vehicles and connected nodes and the high resource requirements of the consortium blockchain ledger have not yet been tackled with a complete solution. The introduction of the NuCypher Re-encryption infrastructure, hashing tree and allocation, and blockchain proof-of-work require more computational power as well. This paper contributes in two different folds. First, it proposes a blockchain sawtooth-enabled modular architecture for protected, secure, and trusted execution, service delivery, and acknowledgment with immutable ledger storage and security and peer-to-peer (P2P) network on-chain and off-chain inter-communication for vehicular activities. Secondly, we design and create a smart contract-enabled data structure in order to provide smooth industrial node streamlined transactions and broadcast content. Substantially, we develop and deploy a hyperledger sawtooth-aware customized consensus for multiple proof-of-work investigations. For validation purposes, we simulate the exchange of information and related details between connected devices on the IoV. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture of BIoV reduces the cost of computational power down to 37.21% and the robust node generation and exchange up to 56.33%. Therefore, only 41.93% and 47.31% of the Internet of Vehicles-related resources and network constraints are kept and used, respectively.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】smart contracts; blockchain; hyperledger sawtooth; internet of vehicles (IoVs); lightweight PoW consensus; consortium network channels

【发表时间】2023

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics12030677

【Author】 Bhattacharya, Pronaya Tanwar, Sudeep Bodkhe, Umesh Kumar, Ashwani Kumar, Neeraj

【Source】WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】2.017

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-交通领域

【Abstract】In this paper, the authors propose a secure and trusted energy trading (ET) scheme for electric vehicles (EVs) for vehicle-to-anything (V2X) ecosystems. The scheme, named as EVBlocks, facilitates ET among entities (i.e., EVs, charging stations (CS), and smart grids (SG)) in a secured and trusted manner through a consortium blockchain (CBC) network. The scheme operates in three phases. In the first phase, to allow real-time and resilient network orchestration of V2X nodes, we consider the ET service designed over a fifth-generation (5G) enabled software-defined networking (SDN) environment. Integration of SDN in 5G-V2X ecosystems allows V2X nodes to eliminate intermediaries and handle many requests with a minimum response time. Then, in the second phase, a non-cooperative game is presented that optimizes a cost function and converges to reach at least one Nash equilibrium point. Finally, a consensus algorithm Proof-of-Greed (PoG) is proposed that handles fluctuations in charging/discharging EVs through an event-driven scheduling mechanism. The obtained results are compared against parameters, such as ET time, State-of-Charge (SoC) levels, EV utility, block-convergence time, profits, computation, and communication costs. For example, EVBlocks achieve an average SOC charge of 22.8MW, with a peak at 377.5MW, the average power dissipation of 4.1125 kWH that is lower than 25% against existing conventional and fixed tariff schemes. The scheme converges at stable profit values for 5 EVs through a non-cooperative game. For proposed PoG consensus, the block convergence time for 1000 nodes is 138.96 seconds, at a computation cost of 46.92 milliseconds (ms) and communication cost of 149 bytes. The comparative analysis suggests the proposed scheme is efficient as compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches against compared parameters.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】5G; Cellular vehicle-to-anything; Electric vehicles; Energy trading; Blockchain; Non-cooperative game; Distributed consensus

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-03-10

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1007/s11277-021-08732-5