【Author】 Han, Yujin Zhang, Yawei Vermund, Sten H.

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

【影响因子】4.614

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】Compared with traditional paper-based medical records, electronic health records (EHRs) are widely used because of their efficiency, security, and reducing data redundancy. However, EHRs still manifest poor interoperability and privacy issues are unresolved. As a distributed ledger protocol composed of encrypted blocks of data organized in chains, blockchain represents a potential tool to solve the shortcomings of EHRs in terms of interoperability and privacy. In this paper, we define EHRs and blockchain technology and introduce several classic schemes based on blockchain technology to strengthen EHR interoperability and privacy protection. We then review ongoing challenges in the areas of data management efficiency, fairness of access, and trust in the systems. In this commentary, we suggest ongoing research needs for health informatics, data sciences, and ethics to establish EHRs based on blockchain technology. Blockchain-based EHR schemes must address the potential inequality of healthcare resources, the huge carbon footprint of computational needs, and potential distrust of health providers and patients that may ensue with wider use of blockchain technology.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】electronic health records; blockchain; interoperability; privacy

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.3390/ijerph192315577

【Author】 Guo, Libin Guo, Xiangtian

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

【影响因子】4.614

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-技术采用

【Abstract】To address user privacy concerns and improve user trust levels, sharing platforms are commencing to focus on investing in blockchain technology. This study focuses on blockchain technology investment and pricing strategies for two asymmetric sharing platforms. By constructing a Hotelling model, we investigate the investment strategies of the two asymmetric platforms regarding blockchain technology under different user attribution behaviours, i.e., single-homing or multi-homing, and the optimal pricing under different investment decisions. Afterwards, we compare and analyse the investment strategies under different conditions, obtain the influence of relevant market factors on the pricing strategies of the platforms, and finally determine the optimal timing of blockchain technology investment for asymmetric sharing platforms. The results indicate that when users' perception of blockchain value is high, both platforms are motivated to introduce blockchain technology, and, conversely, a stronger platform exits the blockchain market. In multi-homing markets, platforms are more likely to implement blockchain strategies and the cost of technology investment is significantly higher than in a single-homing market. In addition, we also find that the degree of differentiation has a significant impact on the blockchain strategies of weaker platform under multi-homing market.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】sharing economy; asymmetric platforms; blockchain technology; multi-homing behavior; privacy concerns

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/ijerph192316060

【Author】 Luo, Haiyan Pan, Junlin

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-技术采用

【Abstract】To address the question of whether small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) should follow benchmark companies in establishing a blockchain-based information sharing platform, a two-tier supply chain decision-making problem dominated by retailers and containing two manufacturers of unequal status is analyzed, including the impact on the utility and social welfare of different game players in the supply chain and the supply chain as a whole, taking into account the fact that consumers are sensitive to both price and quality. For this purpose, traditional cooperation models, short-term and long-term models based on blockchain technology for information sharing were constructed and solved, respectively. The findings suggest that in the short term, the establishment of a blockchain technology-based information sharing platform will widen the status gap between manufacturers, making the strong stronger and the weak weaker, with retailers' profits and social welfare suffering and no change in consumer surplus. In the long term, the quality improvement effect of information sharing will narrow the gap between manufacturers and increase members' profits, with retailers and the entire supply chain experiencing a significant increase in profits after a short period of time, as well as an increase in consumer surplus and social welfare. In addition, when consumer price sensitivity and quality sensitivity are high, the establishment of a blockchain technology-based information sharing platform is beneficial for the stronger manufacturers, detrimental to the weaker manufacturers, and beneficial for the supply chain in the long term; otherwise, the absence of a blockchain technology-based information sharing platform is beneficial for the weaker manufacturers and the supply chain.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain technology; supply chain; information sharing; dynamic games; social welfare

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/su142316060

【Author】 Khezami, Nadhira Gharbi, Nourcherif Neji, Bilel Braiek, Naceur Benhadj

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】Satisfying the world's rapidly increasing demands in energy via the optimized management of available resources is becoming one of the most important research trends worldwide. When it comes to energy, it is very important to talk about decentralization, security, traceability and transparency. Thus, over the last few years, numerous research works have presented blockchain technology as the best novel business platform enabling a secure, transparent and tamper-proof energy management solution. In this paper, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA framework of the different existing research studies related to the use of the blockchain technology in the energy sector, published between 2008 and 2021. We identified a total of 769 primary studies after intensive manual analysis and filtering, which we thoroughly assessed using various criteria to address six main research questions that covered the blockchain types, applications and platforms in the energy sector, the energy source types for which blockchain platforms are implemented, the emergent technologies that are combined to blockchain solutions, and the types of consensuses used in energy blockchains. Based on the collected survey data, we built a database to categorize the existing research works, identify research trends, and highlight knowledge gaps and potential areas for additional field study.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】systematic literature review; energy blockchain; energy management; sustainable energy; PRISMA

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/su142315826

【Author】 Chiarini, Alessandra Compagnucci, Lorenzo

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】Blockchain technology (BCT) enables the automated execution of smart contracts in peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. BCT-based P2P platforms allow the sharing, exchange and trade of energy among consumers or prosumers as peers, fostering the decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization of the energy industry. On the other hand, BCT-based P2P energy trading relies on the collection, storage and processing of a large amount of user data, posing interdisciplinary challenges, including user anonymity, privacy, the governance of BCT systems and the role of energy market players. First, this paper seeks to review the state of the art of European data protection law and regulations by focusing on BCT compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of 2018. Second, it explores both the potentials and the challenges of BCT-based P2P energy trading from a legal-economic perspective. To do so, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach which intertwines both law and economics, by reviewing the recent literature on BCT and P2P energy trading. Findings have revealed that the deployment of BCT-based P2P energy trading is still in its pilot stage because of technology immaturity, data protection uncertainty, incomplete disintermediation and the lack of both user awareness and collaboration among market players. Drawing on the review, the paper also proposes a selection of solutions to foster the implementation of BCT-based P2P energy trading.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; data protection; energy community; P2P energy trading; prosumer; transaction cost

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/su142316305

【Author】 Magdy, Yousra Azab, Mohamed Hamada, Amal Rizk, Mohamed R. M. Sadek, Nayera

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-联邦学习

【Abstract】Federated clouds are interconnected cooperative cloud infrastructures offering vast hosting capabilities, smooth workload migration and enhanced reliability. However, recent devastating attacks on such clouds have shown that such features come with serious security challenges. The oblivious heterogeneous construction, management, and policies employed in federated clouds open the door for attackers to induce conflicts to facilitate pervasive coordinated attacks. In this paper, we present a novel proactive defense that aims to increase attacker uncertainty and complicate target tracking, a critical step for successful coordinated attacks. The presented systemic approach acts as a VM management platform with an intrinsic multidimensional hierarchical attack representation model (HARM) guiding a dynamic, self and situation-aware VM live-migration for moving-target defense (MtD). The proposed system managed to achieve the proposed goals in a resource-, energy-, and cost-efficient manner.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cloud federation; virtual machines; blockchain; HARM model; moving-target defense; virtualization; cloud migration

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22239548

【Author】 Kumar, Mohit Mukherjee, Priya Verma, Sahil Kavita, Maninder Kaur, Maninder Singh, S. Kobielnik, Martyna Wozniak, Marcin Shafi, Jana Ijaz, Muhammad Fazal

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】The wearable healthcare equipment is primarily designed to alert patients of any specific health conditions or to act as a useful tool for treatment or follow-up. With the growth of technologies and connectivity, the security of these devices has become a growing concern. The lack of security awareness amongst novice users and the risk of several intermediary attacks for accessing health information severely endangers the use of IoT-enabled healthcare systems. In this paper, a blockchain-based secure data storage system is proposed along with a user authentication and health status prediction system. Firstly, this work utilizes reversed public-private keys combined Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RP2-RSA) algorithm for providing security. Secondly, feature selection is completed by employing the correlation factor-induced salp swarm optimization algorithm (CF-SSOA). Finally, health status classification is performed using advanced weight initialization adapted SignReLU activation function-based artificial neural network (ASR-ANN) which classifies the status as normal and abnormal. Meanwhile, the abnormal measures are stored in the corresponding patient blockchain. Here, blockchain technology is used to store medical data securely for further analysis. The proposed model has achieved an accuracy of 95.893% and is validated by comparing it with other baseline techniques. On the security front, the proposed RP2-RSA attains a 96.123% security level.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Internet of Medical Things (IoMT); data privacy; blockchain; security; reversed public-private keys combined Rivest-Shamir-Adleman; correlation factor-induced salp swarm optimization algorithm; data encryption; classification

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/s22239448

【Author】 Fakieh, Ahlam Akremi, Aymen

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-网安领域

【Abstract】Social engineering (SE) attacks (also called social hacking) refer to various methods used by cybercriminals to exploit the weak nature of human beings rather than the logical and physical security measures used by organizations. This research paper studies the various methods of SE used by criminals to exploit the psychological vulnerabilities of human beings. On this basis, the paper proposes a new defense categorization of SE attacks based on two security principles: dual control (i.e., more than one entity to complete the task) and split knowledge (i.e., dual controlling of the knowledge to complete the task). We describe how those measures could stop SE attacks and avoid human weaknesses. Then, we propose an original new SE defense model that implements the security principles using blockchain technology to both dual control the transactions and record them safely for organizations. The proposed model's first aim is to avoid the dependence on the cognitive or psychological status of the victim and enable more verification steps to be taken in a fast and flexible manner. The paper demonstrates the quick and easy adoption of the existing private blockchain platform to implement the proposed SE defense model.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】vishing social engineering attacks; organization defense model; security policies; blockchain; social engineering attack categorization

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/app122413020

【Author】 Malik, Hafiz Abid Mahmood Shah, Asghar Ali Muhammad, Abdul Hafeez Kananah, Ahmad Aslam, Ayesha

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-网安领域

【Abstract】The Internet of Things is a system of interconnected smart devices that can communicate with each other and with other devices over the Internet, with or without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Although IoT devices, which have IPs, make living easier, they are also a threat to the security and privacy of people. This research work presents a solution to the problem of security in the network of IoT, based on the idea of implementing the blockchain in IoT. Blockchain is a decentralized technology that adds blocks at the end of the chain. It saves the hash value for every block, and corresponds to the previous block. The decentralized behavior of blockchain is best for IoT as an extensive network, because IoT must not have a single point of failure, and one entity must not decide what to do. All the capable storage devices will save the same data entered from any device, removing the risk of receiving altered data.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】IoT; blockchain; cybersecurity; IoT layer; blockchain layer; distributed layer

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11233950

【Author】 Li, Juxia Zhang, Xing Shi, Wei

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】In the Internet of Things (IoT) system, data leakage can easily occur due to the differing security of edge devices and the different processing methods of data in the transmission process. Blockchain technology has the advantages of good non-tamperability, decentralization, de-trust, openness, and transparency, and it can protect data security on the Internet of Things. This research integrates the means by which data flow can be combined with blockchain technology to prevent privacy leakage throughout the entire transportation process from sender to receiver. Through a keyword search of the last five years, 94 related papers in Web of Science and IEEE Xplore were extracted and the complex papers and frameworks explained using a reconstruction graph. The data processing process is divided into five modules: data encryption, data access control, data expansion, data storage, and data visualization. A total of 11 methods combining blockchain technology to process IoT data were summarized. The blockchain application technology in the IoT field was summarized objectively and comprehensively, and a new perspective for studying IoT data flow was given.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; Internet of Things; information security; reconstruction diagram

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11233907

【Author】 Khan, Zulfiqar Ali Namin, Akbar Siami

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-网安领域

【Abstract】The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of sensors that helps collect data 24/7 withouthuman intervention. However, the network may suffer from problems such as the low battery,heterogeneity, and connectivity issues due to the lack of standards. Even though these problemscan cause several performance hiccups, security issues need immediate attention because hackersaccess vital personal and financial information and then misuse it. These security issues can allowhackers to hijack IoT devices and then use them to establish a Botnet to launch a Distributed Denial ofService (DDoS) attack. Blockchain technology can provide security to IoT devices by providing secureauthentication using public keys. Similarly, Smart Contracts (SCs) can improve the performance of theIoT-blockchain network through automation. However, surveyed work shows that the blockchainand SCs do not provide foolproof security; sometimes, attackers defeat these security mechanisms andinitiate DDoS attacks. Thus, developers and security software engineers must be aware of differenttechniques to detect DDoS attacks. In this survey paper, we highlight different techniques to detectDDoS attacks. The novelty of our work is to classify the DDoS detection techniques according toblockchain technology. As a result, researchers can enhance their systems by using blockchain-basedsupport for detecting threats. In addition, we provide general information about the studied systemsand their workings. However, we cannot neglect the recent surveys. To that end, we compare thestate-of-the-art DDoS surveys based on their data collection techniques and the discussed DDoSattacks on the IoT subsystems. The study of different IoT subsystems tells us that DDoS attacks alsoimpact other computing systems, such as SCs, networking devices, and power grids. Hence, ourwork briefly describes DDoS attacks and their impacts on the above subsystems and IoT. For instance,due to DDoS attacks, the targeted computing systems suffer delays which cause tremendous financialand utility losses to the subscribers. Hence, we discuss the impacts of DDoS attacks in the contextof associated systems. Finally, we discuss Machine-Learning algorithms, performance metrics, andthe underlying technology of IoT systems so that the readers can grasp the detection techniquesand the attack vectors. Moreover, associated systems such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN)and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) are a source of good security enhancement for IoTNetworks. Thus, we include a detailed discussion of future development encompassing all major IoTsubsystems.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】vulnerabilities; blockchain; smart contracts; detection techniques; machine-learning; interplanetary file system (IPFS); IoT architecture; DDoS; denial of service

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2023-01-12

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11233892