【Author】 Aharon, David Y. Demir, Ender Siev, Smadar

【Source】RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND FINANCE

【影响因子】6.143

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙

【Abstract】In this study, we present a first attempt at measuring the market reaction to firms' SEC disclosures related to Metaverse activity. We follow the existing literature in differentiating between disclo-sures associated with vague future intentions or plans to adopt Metaverse activity ("Vague"), and announcements concerning actual activities related to the Metaverse infrastructure ("Clear"). Clear disclosures are associated with higher abnormal returns, in contrast to Vague ones leading to a milder response by investors in the days surrounding the disclosure. Early adopters and large-cap firms earn higher abnormal returns immediately following Metaverse disclosures than do late adopters and small-cap companies. Although the Metaverse may represent a potential growth engine for firms in the future, we document a short-term positive overreaction in share price behavior that is completely reversed within the 30 days following the announcements, regardless of the size of companies, the timing of the disclosure, or whether the disclosure was Clear or Vague.

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【Keywords】Metaverse; Blockchain; Stock returns; Overreaction; Reversal; Abnormal returns; Cumulative abnormal returns; Mispricing; Market model; Market-adjusted model

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101778

【Author】 Yang, Jiemeng Zhou, Guangyou

【Source】PLOS ONE

【影响因子】3.752

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】This paper attempts to introduce central bank digital currency (CBDC) into the analysis framework of monetary policy, and studies the influence mechanism of e-CNY, central bank digital currency in China, on the monetary policy of the central bank from the aspects of money demand, money supply and monetary policy transmission mechanism. The research finds that e-CNY will have significant impact on monetary policy: (1) E-CNY will change the structure of money demand, speed up currency circulation, make central bank reserves more controllable and money supply more intelligent; (2) E-CNY will increase the volatility and expansion effect of currency multiplier to a certain extent; (3) E-CNY will dredge the transmission channel of monetary policy so as to improve the transmission effect of existing monetary policy tools. At the same time, based on the organic combination with structural monetary policy tools, it will achieve precise implementation of medium-term lending facilities (MLF), pledged supplementary lending (PSL), and it may bring new monetary policy tools. (4) E-CNY will make the intermediate target of monetary policy more controllable and reliable, and have a positive impact on the target of monetary policy through the smooth transmission of monetary policy channels. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on CBDC, give full play to the positive role of e-CNY in monetary policy, and improve the effectiveness of monetary policy.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1371/journal.pone.0268471

【Author】 Oktian, Yustus Eko Le, Thi-Thu-Huong Jo, Uk Kim, Howon

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-通信领域

【Abstract】Bandwidth trading procedures can be made to incentivize users to sell their needless traffic and indirectly reduce the probability of traffic congestion. However, implementation of bandwidth trading is opex-heavy from Internet Service Provider (ISP) perspective, while on the other hand, users also do not trust network executions from the ISP due to its heavily centralized control. These issues hinder the applicability of bandwidth trading and become our motivation to propose this paper. Our bandwidth-trading framework utilize software-defined networking (SDN) and blockchain. SDN automates the bandwidth trading executions from the ISP side and reduces the opex. Meanwhile, the smart contract is a trusted platform for building a trading marketplace where buyers, sellers, and SDN controllers can negotiate the trading terms. Once the trading is executed, SDN controllers generate proof of trading that must be submitted to the smart contract as proof of provisioning. We implement our works using Ethereum and POX SDN controllers, and the results prove that it can provide a seamless bandwidth trading experience with reasonable overhead. Furthermore, by committing to our framework, bandwidth trading can be executed fairly and securely because all previous provisioning can be cross-checked through the provided proof-of-trading.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bandwidth; Blockchains; Smart contracts; Proposals; Optical switches; Web and internet services; Software defined networking; Bandwidth trading; marketplace; SDN; blockchain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3217534

【Author】 Li, Ruiguang Zhu, Jiawei Xu, Dawei Wu, Fudong Gao, Jiaqi Zhu, Liehuang

【Source】CHINA COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】3.170

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-节点网络

【Abstract】Bitcoin has made an increasing impact on the world's economy and financial order, which attracted extensive attention of researchers and regulators from all over the world. Most previous studies had focused more on the transaction layer, but less on the network layer. In this paper, we developed BNS(Bitcoin Network Sniffer), which could find and connect nodes in the Bitcoin network, and made a measurement in detail. We collected nearly 4.1 mil-lion nodes in 1.5 hours and identified 9,515 reachable nodes. We counted the reachable nodes' properties such as: service type, port number, client version and geographic distribution. In addition, we analyzed the stability of the reachable nodes in depth and found nearly 60% kept stable during 15 days. Finally, we proposed a new approach to infer the Bitcoin network topology by analyzing the Neighbor Addresses of Adjacent Nodes and their timestamps, which had an ac-curacy over 80%.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Bitcoin network; reachable nodes; node properties; node stability; network topology

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】

【Author】 Westermeier, Carola

【Source】REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

【影响因子】2.906

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-区块链金融监管

【Abstract】'Follow the money' is currently the central principle of international financial security, although money itself is probably one of the most unlikely objects to make traceable. Two recent scandals around a security unit and the payment processor Wirecard show how existing systems of financial surveillance that seek to capture 'flows' of money for security purposes are either enabled or frustrated. While this current regime of financial surveillance adheres to demanding the free flow of money through financial infrastructures and various actors and intermediaries, new digital currencies build on a set type of ledger(s) in which money is stored as data. Hence, what we understand as money does not 'flow', but is rather updated. This change in the underlying infrastructure means that traceability does not need to be enacted; it is an intrinsic feature of digital currencies. With new central bank digital currencies (CBDC), the regime of financial security thus changes from the monitoring of financial flows and flagging of (potentially) illicit transactions towards the storage of financial data in (de)centralised ledgers. This form of transactional governance is engendered by shifting geopolitical agendas that increasingly rely on fractured instead of globalised financial infrastructures, thus making CBDCs themselves subject to security efforts.

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【Keywords】Security; Central Bank Digital Currencies; Geopolitics; Technology; Infrastructure; Cryptocurrencies

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.1017/S0260210522000493

【Author】 Bellagarda, Jagger Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan M.

【Source】MATHEMATICS

【影响因子】2.592

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-NFT

【Abstract】As of 2022, non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, the smart contract powered tokens that represent ownership in a specific digital asset, have become a popular investment vehicle. In 2021, NFT trading reached USD 17.6 billion and entered mainstream media with several celebrities and major companies launching tokens within the space. The rapid rise in popularity of NFTs has brought with it a number of risks and concerns, two of which will be discussed and addressed in this technical paper. Data storage of the underlying digital asset connected to an NFT is held off-chain in most cases and is therefore out of the NFT holders' control. This issue will be discussed and addressed using a theoretical workflow developed and presented for a system that converges NFTs and verifiable credentials with the aim of storing underlying NFT digital assets in a decentralized manner. The second issue focuses on the rise of NFT infringements and fraud within the overall NFT space. This will be discussed and addressed through the development of a practical application, named "Connect2NFT". The main functionality of this practical application will enable users to connect their Twitter social media accounts to the NFTs they own, thus ensuring that potential buyers or viewers of the NFT can comprehensively conclude who is the authentic owner of a specific NFT. An individual performance analysis of the proposed solution will be conducted in addition to being compared and evaluated against similar applications. Thorough development, implementation, and testing has been performed in order to establish a practical solution that can be tested and applied to current NFT use cases. The theoretical NFT storage solution is a minor but equally important contribution in comparison.

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【Keywords】non-fungible tokens; digital identity; verifiable credentials; blockchain technology; smart contract; social media; Twitter; IPFS

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/math10213934

【Author】 Zhang, Xiaohui Xue, Mingying Miao, Xianghua

【Source】WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING CCF-C

【影响因子】2.146

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制

【Abstract】Blockchain is characterized by privacy, traceability, and security features as a novel framework of distributed ledger technologies. Blockchain technology enables stakeholders to conduct trusted data sharing and exchange without a trusted centralized institution. These features make blockchain applications attractive to enhance trustworthiness in very different contexts. Due to unique design concepts and outstanding performance, blockchain has become a popular research topic in industry and academia in recent years. Every participant is anonymous in a permissionless blockchain represented by cryptocurrency applications such as Bitcoin. In this situation, some special incentive mechanisms are applied to the permissionless blockchain, such as "mined" native cryptocurrency to solve the trust issues of the permissionless blockchain. In many use cases, permissionless blockchain has bottlenecks in transaction throughput performance, which restricts further application in the real world. A permissioned blockchain can reach a consensus among a group of entities that do not establish an entire trust relationship. Unlike permissionless blockchains, the participants must be identified in permissioned blockchains. By relying on the traditional crash fault-tolerant consensus protocols, permissioned blockchains can achieve high transaction throughput and low latency without sacrificing security. However, how to balance the security and consensus efficiency is still the issue that needs to be solved urgently in permissioned blockchains. As the core module of blockchain technology, the consensus algorithm plays a vital role in the performance of the blockchain system. Thus, this paper proposes a new consensus algorithm for permissioned blockchain, the Risk Assessment-based Consensus (RAC) protocol, combined with the decentralized design concept and the risk-node assessment mechanism to address the unbalance issues of performance in speed, scalability, and security.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/8698009

【Author】 Wang, Xiaoyin Sun, Jiaze Hu, Chunyang Yu, Panpan Zhang, Bin Hou, Donghai

【Source】WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING CCF-C

【影响因子】2.146

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测

【Abstract】With the development of Internet of Things technology, the use of Internet of Things is expanding, and its security risk will become an important factor restricting the development of Internet of Things technology. The application of blockchain technology in the security field of the Internet of Things can improve security problems, and the blockchain has immutable characteristics. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the security of blockchain smart contracts. However, the order of transaction in smart contracts is easy to be operated by miners, and there is a relative lack of tools to detect TOD (transaction-ordering dependent) vulnerabilities. The current smart contract vulnerability detection methods have the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy. Therefore, based on the study of TOD vulnerability principle, this paper creatively highlights a mutation fuzzy testing method EtherFuzz to specifically detect TOD vulnerability in smart contracts. Use the intelligent contract ABI (application binary interface) to generate test cases, test the byte code of the intelligent contract, use TOD to test oracle to detect TOD vulnerabilities, and then, mutate the tested data to generate new test cases. Finally, the behavior of smart contract operation is recorded, and the fuzzy test process is controlled until the vulnerability is detected. The experimental results show that when 987 token contracts are selected as Ethereum test objects, the false-positive rate, detection time overhead, and detection storage overhead of EtherFuzz are reduced by 74.4%, 30.1%, and 28.1%, respectively. Therefore, EtherFuzz has high speed, efficiency, and accuracy in detecting TOD vulnerabilities and has excellent application value.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-11-22

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1155/2022/1565007