【Author】 Tan, Yawen Liu, Jiajia Kato, Nei

【Source】IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】12.777

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-无人机领域

【Abstract】Representing a new stage in the industrial value chain, Industry 4.0 paves the way to the future ecosystems of industrial innovation, where cyber-physical systems (e.g., smart machines) form its basis by bridging the physical and digital worlds. As one of the most popular groups in intelligent devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have shown great potential for facilitating various industrial sectors. With research on new applications flourishing, the accompanying communication security issue between UAVs is also of concern because of the vital role of communication in enabling the reliable performance of UAV networks. Authentication is recognized as the first defense line for guaranteeing communication security, but traditional authentication schemes are either highly dependent on the central authority or too costly for UAV networks, making them less feasible in practical applications. In this article, we propose a novel authentication scheme for UAV networks using blockchain technology, where blockchain edge nodes are introduced to maintain the ledger, while drones can just be clients to use the distributed blockchain services by calling smart contract APIs. Experimental results illustrate its efficiency, and future research directions are also summarized to guide explorations for realizing more general authentication systems for UAV-assisted industrial applications.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/MWC.002.2100594

【Author】 Batista Garrocho, Charles Tim Oliveira, Karine Nogueira dos Santos, Aldri Luiz Marcelo da Cunha Cavalcanti, Carlos Frederico Rabelo Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto

【Source】IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】12.777

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制

【Abstract】Consensus algorithms seek to solve communication failures between nodes in a blockchain network. However, the communication failures that involve decentralized applications running on Industrial Internet of Things devices have not yet been addressed. Thus, this work aims to fill this research gap, presenting a failure model for communication between decentralized applications and the blockchain network. Initially, the failures are defined and classified; then countermeasures are presented to circumvent the failures; and at the end, the impact of the countermeasures on the performance of decentralized applications, smart contract, and the blockchain network is evaluated. Therefore, this work provides an analysis of the effects of failures and assists in the design of blockchain applications capable of tolerating certain failures and continuing to function.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/MWC.001.2100572

【Author】 Chen, Jing Chen, Xin He, Kun Du, Ruiying Chen, Weihang Xiang, Yang

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING CCF-A

【影响因子】6.791

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-网安领域

【Abstract】Audit log contains the trace of different activities in computing systems, which makes it critical for security management, censorship, and forensics. However, experienced attackers may delete or modify the audit log after their attacks, which makes the audit log unavailable in attack investigation. In this article, we focus on the log integrity audit in the same domain, in which a number of servers update audit logs for a single or several organizations as an alliance. We propose a distributed efficient log integrity audit framework, called DELIA, which employs the distributed ledger technique to protect audit information, and utilizes the idea of state channel to improve the throughput of distributed ledger. To generate stable state from the rapidly-updated logs in the domain, we propose a log state generation scheme, which not only generates state suitable for audit logs, but also enables mutual supervision within the domain. To overcome the high latency in existing state channel schemes, we propose a hierarchal multi-party state channel scheme, which makes the latency in our framework independent of the number of servers in the domain. We implement DELIA on Ethereum and evaluate its performance. The results show that our framework is efficient and secure in practice.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Servers; Distributed ledger; Data structures; Gold; Forensics; Organizations; Intrusion detection; Audit log; integrity; blockchain; state channel

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/TDSC.2021.3092365

【Author】 Du, Yuefeng Duan, Huayi Zhou, Anxin Wang, Cong Au, Man Ho Wang, Qian

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING CCF-A

【影响因子】6.791

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-分布式存储

【Abstract】As a promising alternative solution to cloud storage, decentralized storage networks (DSN) are widely anticipated to develop continuously and reshape the storage market share in the foreseeable future. In particular, one of the most important research problems is how to enforce the quality of service (QoS) in the context of storage solutions. Despite plenty of auditing-related works in the context of cloud storage, none of them can be directly applied to the decentralized storage paradigm. The challenges of designing a feasible storage auditing framework emanate from two aspects: 1) security problems unique to the decentralized settings and 2) performance overhead due to on-chain operations. In this article, we first put forward a basic storage auditing framework that satisfies the security and efficiency requirements, and outperforms the existing approaches. We also identify a critical and overlooked security problem that would compromise the integrity of storage auditing solutions in the blockchain paradigm. With our refined storage auditing design based on customized zero knowledge protocols, we propose a convenient mitigation solution in our revised security model. The evaluation results confirm that our solution would only incur a 10-15 percent increase in the overall auditing costs for common usage scenarios, compared to the basic design.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Security; Blockchain; Cloud computing; Ecosystems; Urban areas; Surges; Secure storage; Decentralized storage; public auditability; blockchain-enabled auditing; smart contract; lightweight verification; zero knowledge; storage outsourceability

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/TDSC.2021.3081826

【Author】 Lin, Feilong Xia, Shengnan Qi, Jiahao Tang, Changbing Zheng, Zhonglong Yu, Xinghuo

【Source】IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY

【影响因子】6.239

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-智能合约

【Abstract】Parking problem has become a bottle neck of urban traffic management. On one hand, there is no effective way to get timely information of available parking lots. On the other hand, owners of private parking spaces are less willing to share their spare lots. To deal with the parking problem, a new parking sharing network named ParkChain is firstly proposed using blockchain to build a decentralized but trustworthy network. Herein, ParkChain provides a distributed autonomous infrastructure for both vehicle drivers and park granters, which can promote the extensive parking resource sharing and relieve the parking problem. A new blockchain consensus protocol named Proof-of-Planned-Behavior (PoPB) is proposed. It builds the model of the autonomous consensus process based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), derives a computable threshold for qualification of block data authorizers, and then develops a dynamic authorizer group mechanism for creditability and decentrality considerations. Furthermore, various smart contracts are developed to carry out the parking services transparently. Finally, the prototype has been successfully implemented in a university campus setting to demonstrate the effectiveness of ParkChain.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Smart contracts; Consensus protocol; Resource management; Peer-to-peer computing; Computer architecture; Industries; Vehicle dynamics; Blockchain; parking sharing network; PoPB consensus protocol; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1109/TVT.2022.3173989

【Author】 Ruan, Na Sun, Hanyi Lou, Zenan Li, Jie

【Source】IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING

【影响因子】3.796

【主题类别】

区块链治理-技术治理-区块链安全

【Abstract】Decentralized cryptocurrency systems have become primary targets for attackers due to substantial profit gain and economic rewards. A number of attack models have been proposed during last few years. However, the evaluation and comparison of those attack models remain problematic due to the lack of systematic framework to analyze them. In this work, we propose a general quantitative analysis framework for attack models in the network and consensus layer of blockchain. We identify the problem statement and evolution process. And we show how to apply our general framework in previous attacks such as selfish mining and bribery attack. We also explained that the framework is suitable for other attacks in blockchain. For further exploration, we simulate the success rate and benefits of different attacks through experiments. We provide several defensive strategies, and study how these strategies against previous attack models.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Bitcoin; Biological system modeling; Statistical analysis; Computational modeling; IEEE transactions; Analytical models; Blockchain; quantified framework; selfish mining; bribery attack; mechanism design

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/TNET.2022.3201493

【Author】 Zheng, Zhiyong Lu, Yunfan Zhang, Junhuan

【Source】PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

【影响因子】3.778

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-数字货币

【Abstract】The price dynamics of the emerging cryptocurrency market become an important factor affecting the current global investment market. To investigate its microscopic nonlinear dynamics mechanism, we develop a novel financial agent-based price model by combining the stochastic interacting system and two opposite directions of random jump processes, in which the attribute interactions between particles in the interacting system are utilized to imitate the influence of information transmission on investor's investment attitude in the cryptocurrency market. Return series of the model, generated by Monte Carlo simulations, can reproduce a number of "stylized facts" of real cryptocurrency data. Additionally, we apply the composite multiscale fuzzy entropy algorithm and the matching energy method to detecting the complexity of price volatility behaviours in both actual and simulated cryptocurrency markets. The similarity of empirical results indicates that the proposed model can replicate the properties of price volatility in actual cryptocurrency market to some extent. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Cryptocurrency market; Complexity analysis; Agent-based models; Econophysics; Stochastic interacting system; Price volatility

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1016/j.physa.2022.126939

【Author】 Das, Nabanita Basu, Souvik Das Bit, Sipra

【Source】PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS CCF-C

【影响因子】3.488

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-应急领域

【Abstract】One of the major concerns in any emergency relief operation is appropriate allocation of scarce emergency relief materials to the affected community. Due to several reasons ranging from lack of mechanism to accurately assess demand and utility of relief materials to malicious participation of some of the stakeholders, such allocation may become ad-hoc. Thus, it becomes imperative to have an unchallengeable and globally accessible record of relief requirement vis-a-vis allocation for efficient relief management. Emergency response organizations (e.g. UNICEF) have recommended the adoption of blockchain technology to create such immutable records. However, the usage of blockchain is restricted by the availability of end-to-end internet connection which may not be available in a post-disaster scenario. This paper proposes ReliefChain, a blockchain leveraged post disaster relief allocation system over delay tolerant network that works in such environments. We validate relief requirements to mitigate resource diversion, forecasting the exact demand and enumerating precise utilities of relief items. We design smart contracts for creating new transactions to upload relief requirements and allocations in the blockchain network. The proposed system executes these smart contracts to create an immutable and globally accessible record of relief requirement and allocation. Effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated through extensive simulation in Ethereum platform. Results substantiate the efficiency of the system over a system using baseline methodologies, in terms of design parameters like shelter specific deficit and average resource deficit while not compromising the blockchain performance in terms of processing time and gas consumption even in presence of malicious forwarders.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; Delay-tolerant network (DTN); Ethereum; Post Disaster Relief Allocation; Smart Contracts

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1007/s12083-022-01366-9

【Author】 Pandey, Sachi Chouhan, Vikas Verma, Devanshi Rajrah, Shubham Alenezi, Fayadh Saini, Rajkumar Santosh, K. C.

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-环境领域

【Abstract】Due to aggressive urbanization (with population size), waste increases exponentially, resulting in environmental damage. Even though it looks challenging, such an issue can be controlled if we can reuse them. To handle this, in our work, we design a machine learning and blockchain-oriented system that identifies the waste objects/products and recommends to the user multiple 'Do-It-Yourself' (DIY) ideas to reuse or recycle. Blockchain records every transaction in the shared ledger to enable transaction verifiability and supports better decision-making. In this study, a Deep Neural Network (DNN) trained on about 11700 images is developed using ResNet50 architecture for object recognition (training accuracy of 94%). We deploy several smart contracts in the Hyperledger Fabric (HF) blockchain platform to validate recommended DIY ideas by blockchain network members. HF is a decentralized ledger technology platform that executes the deployed smart contracts in a secured Docker container to initialize and manage the ledger state. The complete model is delivered on a web platform using Flask, where our recommendation system works on a web scraping script written using Python. Fetching DIY ideas using web-scraping takes nearly 1 second on a desktop machine with an Intel Core-i7 processor with 8 cores, 16 GB RAM, installed with Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit operating system, and Python 3.6 package. Further, we evaluate blockchain-based smart contracts' latencies and throughput performances using the hyperledger caliper benchmark. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that integrates blockchain technology and deep learning for the DIY recommender system.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchains; Smart contracts; Recycling; Deep learning; Recommender systems; Waste management; Object recognition; Distributed ledger; Urban planning; Local government; Deep learning; image recognition; municipal solid waste; blockchain; smart contract; hyperledger fabric; hyperledger caliper; recycle

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3199661

【Author】 Hua, Lei Jiang, Haobin Xiao, Jian Samie, Mohammad

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-交通领域

【Abstract】This paper proposed a cross-domain self-authentication scheme to address the "information isolated island" problem of users' identities storage in servers and the "redundant registration problem" of users' identities for Autonomous Valet Parking (AVP). This scheme adopts a decentralized anonymous authentication method to relieve the authentication center's service load. Users are segregated into two categories to increase authentication efficiency: inexperienced and regular users. For the former, the paper explores a self-authentication mechanism based on verification parameters. Then, its valid personal information, pseudonym and public key, were stored in a consortium blockchain (PseIDChain) as the transaction records so that they can be securely shared among servers located in different domains. For the latter (regular users), an efficient authentication mechanism, searching users' personal information on PseIDChain by the smart contract, was proposed. Security proof and simulation results show that the designed scheme has superior security to the existing schemes. Its authentication efficiency is 80.29% and 50.45% higher than the traditional anonymous and batch authentication schemes.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Privacy; Authentication; Servers; Security; Navigation; Real-time systems; Autonomous systems; Blockchains; Autonomous valet parking; privacy protection; cross-domain authentication; consortium blockchain; pseudonym

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3199874

【Author】 Pang, Zhen Yao, Yuan Li, Qiuyan Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Jing

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】With the popularity of IoT devices and cloud technology in the medical industry. Sharing EHRs (Electronic Health Records) among medical institutions improves the accuracy of medical diagnosis and promotes the development of public medical. However, it is difficult to share EHRs among hospitals, and patients typically don't know about the usage of their health records. In this paper, we propose a patient-controlled EHRs sharing scheme based on cloud computing collaborating blockchain technology. The medical abstract and the access strategy are stored in the blockchain to avoid being tampered with. To achieve the fine-grained access control, we propose the attribute-based encryption scheme and multi-keyword encryption scheme to encrypt EHRs. Moreover, we proposed a node-state-checkable Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus algorithm (sc-PBFT) to prevent the Byzantine nodes from sneaking into the consortium blockchain. First, we check the state of the elected master node to avoid the master node having any malicious records. Then, using pre-prepared, prepare, and commit processes to complete the consensus request submitted by the client. At last, the proposed consensus algorithm evaluates the state of the master node according to the completion of the three-stage process to reduce the impact of the malicious node on the whole consortium blockchain. By doing this, the malicious node will be marked and isolated into the isolation area. The experimental results show that the proposed sc-PBFT algorithm has better handling capability and lower consensus latency. Compared with the PBFT algorithm in the case of Byzantine nodes, sc-PBFT not only improves the robustness of the consortium blockchain network but also improves the handling capability.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Medical services; Cryptography; Blockchains; Medical diagnostic imaging; Cloud computing; Information sharing; Encryption; Data sharing; EHR; blockchain; Byzantine node; PBFT; consortium blockchain

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3186682

【Author】 Vadi, Vikas Rao Abidin, Shafiqul Khan, Azimuddin Izhar, Mohd

【Source】TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES

【影响因子】3.310

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】In general, due to the complexity and limited computation capabilities, the security issues occur in Internet of Things (IoT). Security protocols are required to increase the security of the system. Therefore, in this article, an enhanced Elman spike neural network (EESNN) with green proof of work consensus algorithm (GPoW) is proposed for enhancing the security of IoT network. Initially, the generalized security mechanism as EESNN approach is proposed for the IoT network by categorizing the devices into malicious and benign. Then, the GPoW consensus algorithm is used for enhancing the security of the devices from malicious attacks. Subsequently, a coalition formation (CF) algorithm is used for reducing the excess energy consumption in a network. The proposed EESNN-GPoW-CF approach has effectively classified the malicious attacks and enhances the security of the IoT network. The simulation of this work is done in Python. From the simulation, the proposed EESNN-GPoW-CF approach attains high efficiency outcomes in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, PDR, PLR, throughput, overhead, computation time, and delay. Moreover, the proposed EESNN-GPoW-CF approach attains 3.1%, 5.3%, 7.4% high accuracy rate, and 7.5%, 12.5%, 14.7% lower computation time with 4.8%, 2.3%, 5.7% lower energy utilization than the existing methods, such as deep learning based blockchain for IoT security, deep reinforcement learning based blockchain for IoT security, and deep blockchain-based trustworthy privacy preserving secured framework in IoT, respectively.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.1002/ett.4634

【Author】 Cruz Franco, Pablo Alejandro Marquez de la Plata, Adela Rueda Gomez Bernal, Elena

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-VR

【Abstract】The objective of this article is to generate and validate a workflow that allows us to use virtual twins obtained from unique buildings of our architectural heritage. These twins will guarantee the preservation and dissemination of cultural assets and will promote universal accessibility through new technologies, such as databases, metaverses, virtual reality, augmented reality or gamification. This universal accessibility is based on new metaverses to offer experiences that allow us to overcome physical barriers and reach any user regardless of their economic or physical condition or their location. To obtain this workflow, we worked with digital twins obtained by photogrammetry. Different databases and metaverses were studied, understanding them as new systems for the representation and dissemination of architecture. These metaverses were critically assessed and screened, looking for the most suitable one to be integrated into an effective workflow that satisfies a series of imposed premises, such as being suitable for use in virtual reality and augmented reality environments. The ultimate goal is the aforementioned universal accessibility.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】digital heritage; metaverse; virtual reality; augmented reality; digital twins; virtual museum; digital survey; 3D database; photogrammetry

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/app12178785

【Author】 Chen, Runyu Wang, Lunwen Peng, Chuang Zhu, Rangang

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制

【Abstract】Sharding is the widely used approach to the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems. However, existing schemes generally involve problems such as uneven shard arithmetic power and insecure cross-shard transaction processing. In this study, we used the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) as the intra-shard consensus and, here, we propose a new sharding consensus mechanism. Firstly, we combined a jump consistent hash algorithm with signature Anchorhash to minimize the mapping of the node assignment. Then, we improved the process of the cross-shard transaction and used the activity of nodes participating in intra-shard transactions as the criterion for the shard reconfiguration, which ensured the security of the blockchain system. Meanwhile, we analyzed the motivation mechanism from two perspectives. Finally, through theoretical analysis and related experiments, we not only verified that the algorithm can ensure the security of the entire system, but also further clarified the necessary conditions to ensure the effectiveness of the shards and the system on the original basis.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; sharding; Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance; consensus mechanism; jump consistent hash algorithm; Anchorhash; timestamp

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11162597

【Author】 Han, Jiujiang Zhang, Yuxiang Liu, Jian Li, Ziyuan Xian, Ming Wang, Huimei Mao, Feilong Chen, Yu

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】With the rapid development of physical networks, tens of billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have been deployed worldwide. Access control is essential in the IoT system, which manages user access to vital IoT data. However, access control for the IoT is mainly based on centralized trusted servers, which face problems such as a single point of failure and data leakage. To tackle these challenges, we propose an access control framework for the IoT by combining blockchain and Intel software guard extension (SGX) technology. A blockchain validates both IoT devices and edge servers added to the network. The access control contract is deployed on the blockchain, which can manage attribute-based access control policies in a fine-grained manner and make access control decisions flexibly. SGX technology is introduced into the edge computing server to realize the confidentiality of data processing. Finally, we implemented the prototype of the framework on Quorum and conducted extensive experiments and theoretical analyses on the performance of the blockchain. The results of the experimental tests and theoretical analyses show that our framework has more advantages in computing costs and on-chain storage costs.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; software guard extensions (SGX); Internet of Things (IoT); access control; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11172710

【Author】 Choi, Michael Rocheteau, Guillaume

【Source】JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC DYNAMICS & CONTROL

【影响因子】1.620

【主题类别】

区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析

【Abstract】We develop a random-matching model to study the price dynamics of divisible monies produced privately through mining. The equilibrium set is composed of a unique equilibrium where the value of money increases until it reaches a steady state and, if money has no intrinsic value, a continuum of perfect-foresight equilibria where the price of money inflates and bursts over time. Early on private money is held for a speculative motive and it acquires a transactional role when money supply becomes sufficiently abundant. We study different mining and matching technologies, fiat and commodity monies, single and Money competing currencies. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Money; Search; Private and competing monies; Mining; Divisible

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.1016/j.jedc.2021.104152

【Author】 Koshelev, Dmitrii

【Source】JOURNAL OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC ENGINEERING

【影响因子】1.585

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】This note explains how to guarantee the membership of a point in the prime-order subgroup of an elliptic curve (over a finite field) satisfying some moderate conditions. For this purpose, we apply the Tate pairing on the curve; however, it is not required to be pairing-friendly. Whenever the cofactor is small, the new subgroup test is much more efficient than other known ones, because it needs to compute at most two n-th power residue symbols (with small n) in the basic field. More precisely, the running time of the test is (sub-)quadratic in the bit length of the field size, which is comparable with the Decaf-style technique. The test is relevant, e.g., for the zk-SNARK friendly curves Bandersnatch and Jubjub proposed by the Ethereum and Zcash research teams, respectively.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Non-prime-order elliptic curves; Power residue symbol; Subgroup membership testing; Tate pairing

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-09-18

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.1007/s13389-022-00296-9