CCF-C
【影响因子】11.648
【主题类别】
区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法
【Abstract】Nowadays, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has remarkably transformed our personal lifestyles and society operations into a novel digital mode, which brings tremendous associations with all walks of life, such as intelligent logistics, smart grid, and smart city. Moreover, with the rapid increase of IIoT devices, a large amount of data is swapped between heterogeneous sensors and devices every moment. This trend increases the risk of eavesdropping and hijacking attacks in communication channels, so maintaining data privacy and security becomes two notable concerns at present. Recently, based on the mechanism of the Schnorr signature, a more secure and lightweight certificateless signature (CLS) protocol is popular for the resource-constrained IIoT protocol design. Nevertheless, we found most of the existing CLS schemes are susceptible to several common security weaknesses such as man-in-the-middle attacks, key generation center compromised attacks, and distributed denial of service attacks. To tackle the challenges mentioned previously, in this article, we propose a novel pairing-free certificateless scheme that utilizes the state-of-the-art blockchain technique and smart contract to construct a novel reliable and efficient CLS scheme. Then, we simulate the Type-I and Type-II adversaries to verify the trustworthiness of our scheme. Security analysis as well as performance evaluation outcomes prove that our design can hold more reliable security assurance with less computation cost (i.e., reduced by around 40.0% at most) and communication cost (i.e., reduced by around 94.7% at most) than other related schemes.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Industrial Internet of Things; Security; Smart contracts; Elliptic curves; 5G mobile communication; Generators; Denial-of-service attack; Blockchain; certificateless signature (CLS); Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT); Internet of Things (IoT); security and privacy
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【DOI】 10.1109/TII.2021.3084753
CCF-C
【影响因子】8.993
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域
【Abstract】With the advent of the 21st century, healthcare systems all around the world are facing challenges at an unprecedented scale. The recent covid-19 outbreak is a glaring example of such challenges. After facing such situations anyone can conclude that there is a need to change the way our current health system works and the recent blockchain technology emerged as a way to bring out this change. From universal health blueprint to medical supply chain management and connecting vetted suppliers, blockchain is making an impact. This paper introduces the concept of blockchain along with its applications with the main focus on healthcare and medical systems.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; healthcare systems; medical systems; use cases
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【DOI】 10.1002/int.23014
【Author】 Haykir, Ozkan Yagli, Ibrahim
【影响因子】6.793
【主题类别】
区块链治理-市场治理-市场分析
【Abstract】This study investigates speculative bubbles in the cryptocurrency market and factors affecting bubbles during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that each cryptocurrency covered in the study presented bubbles. Moreover, we found that explosive behavior in one currency leads to explosivity in other cryptocurrencies. During the pandemic, herd behavior was evident among investors; however, this diminishes during bubbles, indicating that bubbles are not explained by herd behavior. Regarding cryptocurrency and market-specific factors, we found that Google Trends and volume are positively associated with predicting speculative bubbles in time-series and panel probit regressions. Hence, investors should exercise caution when investing in cryptocurrencies and follow both crypto currency and market-related factors to estimate bubbles. Alternative liquidity, volatility, and Google Trends measures are used for robustness analysis and yield similar results. Overall, our results suggest that bubble behavior is common in the cryptocurrency market, contradicting the efficient market hypothesis.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Cryptocurrency; Bubbles; Co-explosivity; Herding; COVID-19 pandemic
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【影响因子】4.325
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域
【Abstract】Integration of healthcare and Internet of Things (IoT) has a potential to revolutionize the medical treatments, diagnosis and predict medical issues thereby enabling patients, families, doctors and medical insurers stay connected for a proactive delivery of services. However, IoT devices operate in infrastructure-less environments, and hence data security and privacy is always a concern. Counterfeit IoT devices create huge menace in sensitive applications. Moreover, conventional healthcare systems are not patient-centric in the sense that they do not include patient's emotions during treatments. EI helps the clinicians better understand and mange medical procedures. This paper presents a human-centered approach in healthcare domain by the integration of emotional intelligence (EI) and sensor network built around IoT devices. A Raspberry Pi connected with sensors and a camera acts as an IoT device. These sensors collect body vital parameters and Facial expression recognition (FER) based EI. The system is hosted on an Ethereum permissioned blockchain for reliability, security and tamper-proof data sharing and storage. Devices in the network are authenticated using physical unclonable functions (PUFs). Comparative analysis confirms that the PUF-based authentication is 330% faster than conventional methods. The system offers latency of as low as 20 ms. Using smart contracts, the proposed model provides role-based access control and helps in building scalable and harmonious digital healthcare platforms.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Medical services; Internet of Things; Authentication; Blockchains; Intelligent sensors; Smart contracts; Physical unclonable function; Body sensors; blockchain; emotional intelligence; healthcare; Internet of Things
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【影响因子】3.833
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【Abstract】We present a near-eye display featuring a triple-channel waveguide with chiral liquid crystal gratings. Our triple-channel waveguide is capable of dividing one field of view into three through both the polarization orthogonality and angular separation. To illustrate its principle, a k-space diagram, which takes into account the aspect ratio of field of view, is depicted. Our results demonstrate that its diagonal field of view reaches 90 degrees, eye relief is 10 mm, exit pupil is 4.9 x 4.9 mm(2), transmittance is 4.9%, and uniformity is 89%. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【DOI】 10.1364/OE.470299
【影响因子】3.752
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-其他
【Abstract】A service can be an intangible commodity in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer. However, traditional trading platforms have many limitations in trading services due to dishonest buyers and brokers. In this paper, we propose a service trading ecosystem based on blockchain, named STEB, which combines blockchain, smart contract, encryption, and digital authentication techniques for service trading. In addition, a dual-chain architecture, which contains two types of blockchains, namely TraChain and SerChain, and a hierarchical encryption scheme of the data on the chain, are proposed to ensure the integrity of transaction data and fine-grained privacy protection of users. Furthermore, we describe a new set of smart contracts to ensure safe transactions for the entire service trading. Security analysis and simulation results confirm that the proposed STEB can achieve more efficient contract execution and enhance service transaction privacy.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 理论模型
【Author】 Khan, Atta Ur Rehman Ahmad, Raja Wasim
【影响因子】3.476
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-工业领域
【Abstract】Recycling of electronic waste is a rapidly growing global issue that requires proper monitoring and tracing of electronic devices and the business transactions between the stakeholders. The majority of current systems that manage electronic devices throughout their supply chain stages are centralized and lack data transparency, immutability, and security. Specifically, such systems are incapable of handling problems like comprehensive coverage of the life cycle of e-products, access control for maintaining data security, reputation-aware selection of stakeholders, and large amounts of data generated during various stages of the supply chain processes. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based IoT-enabled system for monitoring all post-production business processes, activities, and operations performed on an electronic device. The system is supported by five smart contracts that record the actions of users on the immutable distributed ledger that aid in ensuring that the business processes carried out by the participants are transparent, traceable, and secure. To store large files, such as images of e-waste materials, products, and licenses for stakeholders, we have integrated our system with a distributed storage system. The proposed system is tested on Ethereum blockchain to check the gas consumption of the functions of the smart contracts. The cost and security analysis shows that the proposed system is viable.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Electronic waste; Blockchains; Stakeholders; Waste management; Supply chains; Security; Consumer electronics; Internet of Things; Smart cities; Blockchain; smart cities; security; e-waste; traceability; IoT; Ethereum
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【影响因子】3.476
【主题类别】
区块链技术-协同技术-联邦学习
【Abstract】Federated learning (FL) enables the training of a shared collaborative machine learning model while keeping all the confidential training data on distributed devices. The FL state-of-the-art considers a monopolist FL task publisher. However, we present a FL marketplace where multiple FL task publishers and mobile devices co-exist for a set of diverse and varying learning tasks. Mobile devices participating in the training of FL models provides pay-as-you-go (i.e. using blockchain-based cryptocurrencies) FL training services to the FL task publishers. In the proposed framework, multiple FL task publishers may compete with each other and the participating workers (i.e. mobile devices) can choose one FL task publisher over another for participation in the training of a global model. We utilize code offloading for enabling customized FL pipelines in mobile devices and mitigating the model heterogeneity inherent in varying and changing FL tasks published by the task publishers. Experimental results indicate the efficacy of the proposed framework.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Collaborative work; Mobile handsets; Training data; Servers; Data models; Machine learning; Blockchains; Smart contracts; Computational modeling; Federated learning; blockchain; smart contract; marketplace; computational offloading
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 理论模型
【影响因子】2.940
【主题类别】
区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制
【Abstract】This paper proposes an approach for pool mining in public blockchain systems based on the employment of a recently reported consensus protocol with the puzzle based on a symmetric encryption that provides an energy-space trade-off and reduces energy consumption. The proposed architecture employs a pseudo-symmetric allocation of the resources for the blockchain consensus protocol and provides protection against certain malicious actions of the pool members, as well as a miner's opportunity for selecting the resources required for participation in the consensus protocol. Given that the considered consensus protocol employs two resources, the proposed architecture uses this two-dimensional nature to provide resistance against block withholding and selfish mining attacks, as well as a reduction in energy spending as a trade-off with the employment of certain memory resources. The high resistance of the proposed pool mining approach against the considered attacks appears to be a consequence of the success probability of the pool in comparison with the success probability of malicious miners. Assuming appropriate selection of the puzzle hardness, the probability that malicious miners can solve the puzzle without the support of the pool manager can be arbitrarily small. Implementation of the proposed approach on a modified Ethereum platform and experimental evaluation issues have also been reported. The conceptual novelty of the proposed pool mining approach is the following: Instead of separation of the blockchain consensus protocol and control of pool miners honest work, this paper proposes an approach where honest work of miners and pool managers is provided by a dedicated application of the considered consensus protocol. Advantages of the proposal in comparison with the previously reported ones include the following: (i) high resistance against block withholding and selfish mining attacks without an additional security procedure; (ii) reduction in the energy required, and at the same time preservationthe security of the consensus protocol; (iii) flexibility of the pool miners regarding selection of the resources that should be employed providing a trade-off between required energy and memory resources. The proposed architecture was implemented employing a dedicated modification of the Ethereum platform and the performed experiments confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; consensus protocol; pool mining; symmetric encryption; security evaluation; selfish mining; withholding attack
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 理论模型
【DOI】 10.3390/sym14081711
【影响因子】2.902
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-电力领域
【Abstract】In this paper, a cooperative game consistency optimal scheduling strategy for islanded multi-microgrid systems is proposed to solve the problem of energy mutualization and economic scheduling. Firstly, considering the power loss, flexible load demand, and other operating indicators, to maximize the user and supplier benefits, the real-time transaction electricity price model of the user side and the power supply side is constructed. On this basis, considering the energy sharing among microgrids and aiming at minimizing the operating cost of the multi-microgrid system, a multi-microgrid cooperative game optimization scheduling model is established. Then, the optimal solution of the cooperative game model is obtained by using the consensus algorithm of equal increment rate. The equivalence between the real-time transaction price of the user side and the power supply side and the transaction price on the microgrid is proven. The Shapley value method is used to complete the benefit distribution of each microgrid. Finally, the validity and reliability of the method are verified by an islanded multi-microgrid system. Simulation results show that when multiple microgrids are involved in a cooperative game, by optimizing the transaction electricity price among microgrids and the output of controllable distributed units, regulating and flexible load demand, energy sharing among microgrids can be achieved, and the overall operating costs of the alliance can be reduced. The total daily scheduling cost of cooperative game alliance is 1749 USD less than that of independent operation mode. Solving the cooperative game model by using an equal increment rate consensus algorithm allows the optimal global solutions to be obtained quickly, and the solution time is only 0.6 s, and effectively suppresses the negative effects of fluctuating or uncertain factors on the multi-microgrid system.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Islanded multi-microgrid system; real-time transaction electricity price; flexible load demand; cooperative game; consensus algorithm; Shapley value method
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【影响因子】2.690
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域
【Abstract】Aiming at the problems of centralized storage, low sharing efficiency, and the security and privacy of traditional medical data, a medical data storage model based on a consortium chain is proposed. First, the Distance algorithm is designed based on the geographical relationship of nodes, which reduces the amount of communication between nodes, improves the communication efficiency between A nodes, and ensures the efficiency and reliability of grouping. Second, the dynamic election is combined with the Distance algorithm to design the election strategy of the primary node, which realizes the scientific and reasonable ranking of the medical nodes, improves the reliability of the selection of the primary node, and ensures the efficiency of the medical nodes in the alliance chain to quickly reach consensus when the medical data are uploaded to the chain. Finally, the model designs a method of information separation, which combines the distributed database IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) with the blockchain, which greatly reduces the pressure of medical data storage in the blockchain and improves the operation efficiency. The experimental results show that the medical data storage model can effectively improve the problem of the sharp increase in the amount of communication between medical nodes in the network and reduce the impact of malicious consensus nodes.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】medical federated chain; storage model; PBFT algorithm; consensus algorithm
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【Author】 Mendi, Arif Furkan
【影响因子】2.690
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-食品领域
【Abstract】A food shortage, which has increased with the climate crisis, will be one of the biggest problems of the world, together with water scarcity, in the future and will damage the sustainability of the food supply system. With the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, food resources are decreasing, and food prices are rising all over the world. The decrease in food sources increases the importance of food tracking even more. The exorbitant price increases after the COVID-19 pandemic are the most concrete indicators of this. Blockchain-based food tracking systems will be of critical importance because they will prevent exorbitant price increases with their contribution to food tracking processes, such as reliability and transparency. In this study, the establishment of a blockchain-based food tracking system in Turkey, its operation, and its results will be discussed. It was concluded that 97.54% of the participants using the established system found the application useful and wanted such an application to become widespread. In addition, comparing the performance data of the established blockchain-based system with other blockchain infrastructures, a value of 0.038 s for latency is 435 times better than Ethereum, one of the most popular blockchain infrastructures. A transmission per second value of 285, reception per second value of 335, and CPU load rate value of 19.22 are obtained with the proposed system.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; food traceability; food supply chain
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【Author】 Muradyan, Svetlana Pcholovsky, Nikolay Sarbaev, Grigory Vinogradova, Kristina Vasyukov, Vitaliy
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链治理-市场治理-欺诈犯罪
【Abstract】International terrorist organizations, while maintaining a significant financial potential, are increasingly looking for new sources of funding, following the trend of high rates of informatization of society. To date, the use of the Internet is one of the most effective means of managing forces and financial resources. To finance their activities, terrorists, in addition to actively using international Muslim humanitarian funds, speculating on stock exchanges, investing in real estate, in a number of legal sectors of the economy, as well as participating in the criminal business of a number of countries, began to actively use cryptocurrency. These funds are used to create new and finance sleeping cells, fundraising is organized to carry out specific terrorist attacks, the formation of their own cyber units, which, vice versa, are able to extract financial resources through hacker attacks using remote theft, extortion, the sale of weapons and drugs as predicate crimes, the means of committing which is often the use of cryptocurrencies.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】cryptocurrency; bitcoin; terrorist financing; al-Qaeda; peer-to-peer networks; computer attacks; social engineering
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链技术-协同技术-隐私计算
【Abstract】Anonymous service delivery has attracted the interest of research and the industry for many decades. To obtain effective solutions, anonymity should be guaranteed against the service provider itself. However, if the full anonymity of users is implemented, no accountability mechanism can be provided. This represents a problem, especially when referring to scenarios in which a user, protected by anonymity, may perform illegally when leveraging the anonymous service. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution to the trade-off between anonymity and accountability. In particular, our solution relies on three independent parties (one of which is the service provider itself) such that only the collaboration of all three actors allows for the disclosure of the real identity of the user. In all other cases, anonymity is guaranteed. To show the feasibility of the proposal, we developed a prototype with user-friendly interfaces that minimize the client-side operations. Our solution is then also effective from the point of view of usability.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Ethereum; anonymity; accountability; smart contracts
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 理论模型
【DOI】 10.3390/fi14080243
【Author】 Viet Hoang Tran Lenssens, Bernard Kassab, Ayham Laks, Alexis Riviere, Etienne Rosinosky, Guillaume Sadre, Ramin
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链技术-核心技术-扩展方案
【Abstract】Machine-as-a-Service (MaaS) is an emerging service model for industrial appliances. With MaaS, machines are rented instead of being acquired, and their lifecycle is handled by an ecosystem of specialized actors, such as different independent maintenance companies certified for interventions on specific hardware. As the number of actors, clients, and providers involved in a MaaS ecosystem grows, maintaining mutual trust relationships between all involved parties and orchestrating MaaS operations in centralized fashion quickly becomes intractable. We present a blockchain-based approach to providing MaaS in industrial settings where rented machines are equipped with IoT sensors, and where MaaS operations are orchestrated in a transparent, decentralized, and scalable way using a collection of smart contracts deployed over an infrastructure combining the Ethereum and InterPlanetary File System decentralized services. We detail the operations of MaaS, such as the lifecycle of management operations, and report on the performance of a prototype implementation deployed in the cloud.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; industry; IoT; Machine-as-a-Service; telemetry
【发表时间】
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 理论模型
【DOI】 10.1002/eng2.12567
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链技术-平台项目-Hyperledger Fabric
【Abstract】Blockchain technology, commonly associated with bitcoin cryptocurrency, attracted large amounts of investment, attention, and analysis. In addition to attracting the attention of investors, speculators, and regulators, implications for financial practitioners and organizations are increasingly apparent. Financial transactions, property transfers, audit and attestation services, supply chains, and numerous other areas of industry are continuing to integrate blockchains into operations. This paper bridges the gap between the technical concept of blockchain and relevance to the accounting field. By distilling technical components of blockchain into understandable components, practitioners and other users of this research are poised to better understand, explain, and apply salient concepts. This paper proposes a Hyperledger Composer use case method through which practitioners and researchers can familiarize themselves with blockchain concepts using an interactive demonstration of an accounting integration for intangible assets. Addressing the growing need for increased awareness, this paper builds a necessary skillset with blockchain technology and applications.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】blockchain; accounting; use case; disruptive technology; emerging technology; hyperledger
【发表时间】2021
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 观点阐述
【DOI】 10.2308/JETA-19-11-01-43
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链技术-协同技术-联邦学习
【Abstract】The rapid upswing in interest in federated learning (FL) and federated analytics (FA) architectures has corresponded with the rapid increase in commercial AI software products, ranging from face detection and language translation to connected IOT devices, smartphones, and autonomous vehicles equipped with high-resolution sensors. However, the traditional client-server model does not readily address questions of data ownership, privacy, and data location in the context of the multiple datasets required for machine learning. In this paper, we report on a pilot distributed ledger and smart contract network model, designed to track analytic jobs in an HPC supercomputing environment. The test system design integrates the FL/FA model into a blockchain-based network architecture, wherein the test system records interactions with the global server and blockchain network. The design goal is to create a secure audit trail of supercomputer analytic operations and the ability to securely federate those operations across multiple supercomputer deployments. As there are still relatively few real-world applications of FL/FA models and blockchain networks in use, our system design, test deployment, and sample code are intended to provide interested researchers with exploratory tools for future research.
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】federated learning; federated analytics; blockchain; distributed ledger technology; data governance; HPC
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 理论模型
【Author】 Anand, Atul Seetharaman, A.
【影响因子】0.000
【主题类别】
区块链应用-实体经济-物流领域
【Abstract】This paper focuses on enabling smart logistics through interoperability of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain ecosystem. Interoperability is critical for ensuring various information technology platforms exchange data securely and seamlessly. The characteristics of blockchain technology facilitates interoperability for implementing sustainable practices in supply chain management. This paper illustrates how the issues of trust and non-collaboration among various stakeholders in supply chain management can be resolved by establishing transparency in the ecosystem .The research problems and objectives are deduced from the literature review of the gap variables and the scope of future research. The paper concludes by analysing and discussing the outcomes of the novel research framework based on the interaction between dependent and independent variables. It also critically analyses the framework concerning its outcome measures
你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成
【Keywords】Blockchain technology; Supply chain management; Smart contract; Interoperability; Smart Logistics; Sustainability; innovation; AI; IOT; Balanced Score card
【发表时间】2022
【收录时间】2022-09-10
【文献类型】 实证数据
【作者】 赵光辉;
【作者单位】贵州财经大学公共管理学院;北部湾大学钦州发展研究院;
【文献来源】当代经济管理
【复合影响因子】3.884
【综合影响因子】1.942
【主题类别】
区块链应用-虚拟经济-元宇宙
【摘要】元宇宙技术方兴未艾，而其与交通运输领域融合过程中的机遇与风险，尚未被提升到与之匹配的权重中来。合理利用元宇宙技术，是交通运输新时期发展阶段的重要一环，通过案例研究发现，保证合理首先要加深元宇宙交通运输下的虚实融合与交通伦理风险，并借由客观案例论证得出对策之道。以政策、技术、法治等方面切入，是当下全面降低元宇宙交通运输隐藏风险的核心路径，通过强化这三点的认知，元宇宙交通的风险管理难度也将得到有效保障。具体策略可围绕交通虚拟产权规范、监管平台有序运营、保障数据安全与信息安全等层面，渐进性地对元宇宙交通运输的健康发展加以引导与管理。
【关键词】元宇宙交通运输;;风险管理;;交通规划;;交通伦理;;权益维护
【文献类型】 实证数据
【发表时间】2022-09-10
【作者】 王冬;肖冰冰;金晨光;李政;李笑若;祝丙南;
【作者单位】河南大学软件学院;河南省智能网络理论与关键技术国际联合实验室;
【文献来源】计算机科学
【复合影响因子】1.722
【综合影响因子】1.149
【主题类别】
区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制
【摘要】权益证明共识算法（PoS）虽然具有不需要花费算力的优势，然而由于权益越高的节点获得记账权的可能性越大，造成记账节点具有很强的确定性且容易富者愈富，一旦权益最高的节点无法正常记账出块，其余节点仍要重新竞争记账权，此时系统停滞的概率急剧增大。针对这两个缺陷，提出一种基于动态分组的重要性共识优化算法（DPoI）。首先，算法引入重要性评估方案，依据节点活跃度、交易占比、寻找随机数的时间和信誉度计算每轮中节点的重要性分数iValue；然后，利用斐波那契数列将iValue相近的节点动态分组，组内借鉴DPoS投票策略排名充当备选节点，形成灾备方案，从而有效避免系统停滞；最后，设计了二进制指数退避算法来快速剔除系统中的恶意节点，从而有效增强了区块链系统的安全性和稳定性。实验结果表明，DPoI出块的速度约为PoI的6倍，大大加快了出块速度。当恶意节点占比达到70%时，二进制指数退避算法仍能有效剔除恶意节点，系统的可靠性得到了充分保障。
【关键词】区块链;;动态分组;;重要性证明;;信誉度;;DPoS
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【发表时间】2022-09-10
【作者】 刘方青;黄翰;向毅;郝志峰;
【作者单位】华南理工大学软件学院;汕头大学计算机学院;广东工业大学计算机学院;
【文献来源】中国科学:技术科学
【复合影响因子】
【综合影响因子】
【主题类别】
区块链治理-技术治理-智能合约漏洞检测
【摘要】重入性漏洞在智能合约中普遍存在,可能造成巨大的经济损失.现有的基于符号执行的静态分析工具通过预设的规则判断漏洞是否存在,然而预设规则不全面可能会导致重入性漏洞的误报.为了避免误报,本研究尝试从软件测试用例生成的动态分析角度解决这一难题.本文将该应用场景抽象为存在重入性循环路径的路径覆盖测试用例自动生成问题,通过生成并执行覆盖重入性循环路径的测试用例来检测重入性漏洞.以鸽群算法为代表的群体智能算法是求解测试用例生成这类黑盒优化问题的常用方法.鸽群算法在整个决策空间内围绕种群最优解邻域搜索,然而,问题的最优解可能并不在该邻域内,导致路径覆盖率较低.为了提升鸽群算法的路径覆盖率,本文将利用流形启发式算子改进鸽群算法,使其分配更多的算力搜索与优化目标相关的子空间,从而提升鸽群算法求解效率,覆盖重入性循环路径.实验结果显示,改进后的流形鸽群算法能够更加高效地生成覆盖重入性循环路径的测试用例,检测出被测合约的重入性漏洞.与Oyente, Securify和Smartcheck这三个智能合约测试工具相比,本文提出的方法能够有效避免重入性漏洞的误报,在实验的8个被测试智能合约中重入性漏洞识别准确率分别提升12.5%, 12.5%和25%.
【关键词】智能合约;;重入性漏洞;;鸽群算法;;测试用例自动生成;;路径覆盖
【文献类型】 实验仿真
【发表时间】2022-09-10