【Author】 Shi, Jihui Danquah, Solomon Kwadwo Nyedu Dong, Wanhao

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

【影响因子】4.614

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-政务领域

【Abstract】Even though digitization is widely recognized as one of the most imperative trends in achieving effective urban governance, digital infrastructure remains far from the global trend in many African countries. This paper proposes a novel, resilient data manipulation architecture model called the Birth Notification Verification Model (BNVM) using blockchain and smart contracts. The proposed solution was evaluated in a real-world use case scenario in Ghana. The model, which is based on the Ten Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) Framework, focuses on the initial inputs for birth registration at the birth notification level. The approach presented in this study paves the way for the creation of decentralized, secure, transparent, and automated systems for civil registration. The application of a smart contract architecture that blends a centralized design with an on-chain and off-chain architecture is further supported by this, providing more evidence of its viability. It offers a safe verification framework for the Ghana Birth and Death Registry based on smart contract technology and can guarantee a birth notification as proof of birth certificate registration in accordance with international standards. The findings provide insight into the use of blockchain technology in public registry institutions. Furthermore, exploring its adoption and implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa contributes to the growing field of blockchain technology research and demonstrates how the concept will address long-standing issues with corruption and security in developing countries.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】civil registration; block chain; digitization governance; smart contract

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/ijerph19159309

【Author】 Kumar, Nallapaneni Manoj Chopra, Shauhrat S.

【Source】SUSTAINABILITY

【影响因子】3.889

【主题类别】

区块链应用-虚拟经济-金融领域

【Abstract】Adopting a circular economy (CE) has rapidly emerged among policymakers and business community stakeholders to promote material circularization and ensure sustainable development. While the inclination for a paradigm shift away from the linear economy is evident, many challenges have been quoted in the literature regarding its implementation. Lately, it has become common to propose Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)-based approaches to address these challenges. However, they do not question the practicality of the solutions in the context of CE. This paper aims to find an appropriate digital solution for CE implementation, which is not possible without a complete understanding of the existing challenges. A thorough literature review broadly classified the challenges under five barrier categories: Technological, Financial, Infrastructural, Institutional, and Societal, which was followed up with an investigation into the failure of ICT solutions to address CE challenges. Among the various technologies, blockchain and smart contract technologies show some promise as data-driven decision-making tools; however, they are not without their limitations when applied in the context of CE. This perspective explores the role of blockchain smart contract technology-scape in overcoming CE challenges and presents a circular economy blockchain (CEB) architecture development. The findings suggest that CEB may enable CE business models that improve trust and transparency in supply-chain networks, shared and performance economy platforms, stakeholder participation, and governance and management of organizations. Ultimately, this study highlights critical areas for research and development for the blockchainification of CE.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】circular economy; circular economy limitations; circular economy barriers; digital circular economy; ICT in circular economy; blockchain architecture for circular economy; circular economy blockchain; digital circular economy architecture

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.3390/su14159492

【Author】 Roy, Swarnabha Vo, Tony Hernandez, Steven Lehrmann, Austin Ali, Asad Kalafatis, Stavros

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-云计算

【Abstract】There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of Multi-Robot coordination and Modular Robotics. This work evaluates the secure coordination of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) via a drone simulation in Unity and an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) as a rover. Each robot is equipped with sensors to gather information to send to a cloud server where all computations are performed. Each vehicle is registered by blockchain ledger-based network security. In addition to these, relevant information and alerts are displayed on a website for the users. The usage of UAV-UGV cooperation allows for autonomous surveillance due to the high vantage field of view. Furthermore, the usage of cloud computation lowers the cost of microcontrollers by reducing their complexity. Lastly, blockchain technology mitigates the security issues related to adversarial or malicious robotic nodes connecting to the cluster and not agreeing to privacy rules and norms.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; image detection; robotics; Robot Operating System (ROS); multi-robot coordination; IoT security; cloud robotics; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV); Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV)

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22155569

【Author】 Mirani, Akseer Ali Velasco-Hernandez, Gustavo Awasthi, Anshul Walsh, Joseph

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is bringing evolution with remote monitoring, intelligent analytics, and control of industrial processes. However, as the industrial world is currently in its initial stage of adopting full-stack development solutions with IIoT, there is a need to address the arising challenges. In this regard, researchers have proposed IIoT architectures based on different architectural layers and emerging technologies for the end-to-end integration of IIoT systems. In this paper, we review and compare three widely accepted IIoT reference architectures and present a state-of-the-art review of conceptual and experimental IIoT architectures from the literature. We identified scalability, interoperability, security, privacy, reliability, and low latency as the main IIoT architectural requirements and detailed how the current architectures address these challenges by using emerging technologies such as edge/fog computing, blockchain, SDN, 5G, Machine Learning, and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Finally, we discuss the relation between the current challenges and emergent technologies and present some opportunities and directions for future research work.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; edge; fog computing; IIoT architectures; Industry 4; 0; interoperability; low latency; reliability; scalability; security; software-defined networking

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.3390/s22155836

【Author】 Kumar, Ajitesh Singh, Akhilesh Kumar Ahmad, Ijaz Singh, Pradeep Kumar Anushree Verma, Pawan Kumar Alissa, Khalid A. Bajaj, Mohit Rehman, Ateeq Ur Tag-Eldin, Elsayed

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】Nowadays, in a world full of uncertainties and the threat of digital and cyber-attacks, blockchain technology is one of the major critical developments playing a vital role in the creative professional world. Along with energy, finance, governance, etc., the healthcare sector is one of the most prominent areas where blockchain technology is being used. We all are aware that data constitute our wealth and our currency; vulnerability and security become even more significant and a vital point of concern for healthcare. Recent cyberattacks have raised the questions of planning, requirement, and implementation to develop more cyber-secure models. This paper is based on a blockchain that classifies network participants into clusters and preserves a single copy of the blockchain for every cluster. The paper introduces a novel blockchain mechanism for secure healthcare sector data management, which reduces the communicational and computational overhead costs compared to the existing bitcoin network and the lightweight blockchain architecture. The paper also discusses how the proposed design can be utilized to address the recognized threats. The experimental results show that, as the number of nodes rises, the suggested architecture speeds up ledger updates by 63% and reduces network traffic by 10 times.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; healthcare; cyber security; cyberattack

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22155921

【Author】 Bhawana Kumar, Sushil Rathore, Rajkumar Singh Mahmud, Mufti Kaiwartya, Omprakash Lloret, Jaime

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-智能家居

【Abstract】In the last few years, the Internet of things (IoT) has recently gained attention in developing various smart city applications such as smart healthcare, smart supply chain, smart home, smart grid, etc. The existing literature focuses on the smart healthcare system as a public emergency service (PES) to provide timely treatment to the patient. However, little attention is given to a distributed smart fire brigade system as a PES to protect human life and properties from severe fire damage. The traditional PES are developed on a centralised system, which requires high computation and does not ensure timely service fulfilment. Furthermore, these traditional PESs suffer from a lack of trust, transparency, data integrity, and a single point of failure issue. In this context, this paper proposes a Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Trusted (BEST) framework for PES in the smart city environment. The BEST framework focuses on providing a fire brigade service as a PES to the smart home based on IoT device information to protect it from serious fire damage. Further, we used two edge computing servers, an IoT controller and a service controller. The IoT and service controller are used for local storage and to enhance the data processing speed of PES requests and PES fulfilments, respectively. The IoT controller manages an access control list to keep track of registered IoT gateways and their IoT devices, avoiding misguiding the PES department. The service controller utilised the queue model to handle the PES requests based on the minimum service queue length. Further, various smart contracts are designed on the Hyperledger Fabric platform to automatically call a PES either in the presence or absence of the smart-home owner under uncertain environmental conditions. The performance evaluation of the proposed BEST framework indicates the benefits of utilising the distributed environment and the smart contract logic. The various simulation results are evaluated in terms of service queue length, utilisation, actual arrival time, expected arrival time, number of PES departments, number of PES providers, and end-to-end delay. These simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the BEST framework.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Internet of Things; blockchain; public emergency service; smart contracts; queue model; reputation model

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22155733

【Author】 Anbarasan, Helen Sharmila Natarajan, Jaisankar

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are a research area that supports patients with healthcare monitoring. In WBAN, the Internet of Things (IoT) is connected with WBAN for a smart/remote healthcare monitoring system in which various medical diseases are diagnosed. Quality of service (QoS), security and energy efficiency achievements are the major issues in the WBAN-IoT environment. Existing schemes for these three issues fail to achieve them since nodes are resource constrained and hence delay and the energy consumption is minimized. In this paper, a blockchain-assisted delay and energy aware healthcare monitoring (B-DEAH) system is presented in the WBAN-IoT environment. Both body sensors and environment sensors are deployed with dual sinks for emergency and periodical packet transmission. Various processes are involved in this paper, and each process is described as follows: Key registration for patients using an extended version of the PRESENT algorithm is proposed. Cluster formation and cluster head selection are implemented using spotted hyena optimizer. Then, cluster-based routing is established using the MOORA algorithm. For data transmission, the patient block agent (PBA) is deployed and authenticated using the four Q curve asymmetric algorithm. In PBA, three entities are used: classifier and queue manager, channel selector and security manager. Each entity is run by a special function, as packets are classified using two stream deep reinforcement learning (TS-DRL) into three classes: emergency, non-emergency and faulty data. Individual packets are put into a separate queue, which is called emergency, periodical and faulty. Each queue is handled using Reyni entropy. Periodical packets are forwarded by a separate channel without any interference using a multi objective based channel selection algorithm. Then, all packets are encrypted and forwarded to the sink nodes. Simulation is conducted using the OMNeT++ network simulator, in which diverse parameters are evaluated and compared with several existing works in terms of network throughput for periodic (41.75 Kbps) and emergency packets (42.5 Kbps); end-to-end delay for periodic (0.036 s) and emergency packets (0.028 s); packet loss rate (1.1%); residual energy in terms of simulation rounds based on periodic (0.039 J) and emergency packets (0.044 J) and in terms of simulation time based on periodic (8.35 J) and emergency packets (8.53 J); success rate for periodic (87.83%) and emergency packets (87.5%); authentication time (3.25 s); and reliability (87.83%).

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】wireless body area networks; internet of things; blockchain; secure cluster based routing; quality of service (QoS)

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22155763

【Author】 Ahmed, Saleem Lakhan, Abdullah Thinnukool, Orawit Khuwuthyakorn, Pattaraporn

【Source】SENSORS

【影响因子】3.847

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】The usage of digital and intelligent healthcare applications on mobile devices has grown progressively. These applications are generally distributed and access remote healthcare services on the user's applications from different hospital sources. These applications are designed based on client-server architecture and different paradigms such as socket, remote procedure call, and remote method invocation (RMI). However, these existing paradigms do not offer a security mechanism for healthcare applications in distributed mobile-fog-cloud networks. This paper devises a blockchain-socket-RMI-based framework for fine-grained healthcare applications in the mobile-fog-cloud network. This study introduces a new open healthcare framework for applied research purposes and has blockchain-socket-RMI abstraction level classes for healthcare applications. The goal is to meet the security and deadline requirements of fine-grained healthcare tasks and minimize execution and data validation costs during processing applications in the system. This study introduces a partial proof of validation (PPoV) scheme that converts the workload into the hash and validates it among mobile, fog, and cloud nodes during offloading, execution, and storing data in the secure form. Simulation discussions illustrate that the proposed blockchain-socket-RMI minimizes the processing and blockchain costs and meets the security and deadline requirements of fine-grained healthcare tasks of applications as compared to existing frameworks in work.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】client-server; RMI; blockchain; socket; storage

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/s22155833

【Author】 Strepparava, Davide Rosato, Federico Nespoli, Lorenzo Medici, Vasco

【Source】ENERGIES

【影响因子】3.252

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】The world of electrical distribution is rapidly changing and is seeing more and more distributed production and steerable flexibilities. Energy communities are seen as an important innovation for the optimization of electrical consumption at a local level. A central need of the local energy markets inside energy communities is the exchange and circulation of production and consumption data, and therefore the problem of the potential leak of sensitive data must be addressed. In this paper, the context of the Lugaggia Innovation Community, a Self Consumption Community pilot project in southern Switzerland, is introduced together with the blockchain framework that was created for its internal market interaction and the rules designed for its local energy market. A cryptographic protocol from the literature, based on homomorphic encryption, is then proposed for the anonymous aggregation of production and consumption data of the individual households at a resolution of 15 min. The computational overhead associated with the protocol is then experimented and analyzed.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】energy community; smart grid; local energy markets; homomorphic encryption

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/en15155386

【Author】 Kaliappan, Vishnu Kumar Yu, Seungjin Soundararajan, Rajasoundaran Jeon, Sangwoo Min, Dugki Choi, Enumi

【Source】ENERGIES

【影响因子】3.252

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】In recent years, container-based virtualization technology for edge and cloud computing has advanced dramatically. Virtualization solutions based on Docker Containers provide a more lightweight and efficient virtual environment for Edge and cloud-based applications. Because their use is growing on its own and is still in its early phases, these technologies will face a slew of security issues. Vulnerabilities and malware in Docker container images are two serious security concerns. The risk of privilege escalation is increased because Docker containers share the Linux kernel. This study presents a distributed system framework called Safe Docker Image Sharing with Homomorphic Encryption and Blockchain (SeDIS-HEB). Through homomorphic encryption, authentication, and access management, SeDIS-HEB provides secure docker image sharing. The SeDIS-HEB framework prioritizes the following three major functions: (1) secure docker image upload, (2) secure docker image sharing, and (3) secure docker image download. The proposed framework was evaluated using the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Secure Docker images were uploaded using IPFS, preventing unauthorized users from accessing the data contained within the secure Docker images. The SeDIS-HEB results were transparent and ensured the quality of blockchain data access control authentication, docker image metadata denial-of-service protection, and docker image availability.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cloud computing; secure communication; docker security; homomorphic encryption; virtualization; blockchain; docker image sharing

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/en15155544

【Author】 Barateiro, Carlos Faria, Alexandre Filho, Jose Farias Maggessi, Karolina Makarovsky, Claudio

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】Featured Application Use of blockchain technology in the oil and gas market. The market of oil and gas has many particularities, once it is a natural resource of great value. Due to the fact the resource is owned by nations, it is highly regulated. The volumes traded are high; for this reason, their calculation needs to be performed very carefully, meeting not only the uncertainties and metrological control, but also particularly the tracking of the activities. The technical regulations of measurement adopted by the countries carefully follows many guidelines. The reason is that the established volumes directly affect the calculation of royalties and profit sharing in concession agreements or even a simple ownership shift of the products. Therefore, it is an application with a lot of responsibility, involving a large amount of equipment, software, and execution processes. Therefore, the transfer of data among different entities requires total transparency and security. Blockchain technology, which has been initially developed for the financial market, presents itself as an alternative to ensure reliability, from the sensors in the field to the effective generation of the Monthly Report on the petroleum and natural gas production unit, which is the basic document for determining the remuneration of the owners of the product. This paper presents a technical solution for creating the blockchain validation blocks by the MAC (Media Access Control Address) addressing, which in turn comes from the communication boards of the flow computers and from the Supervisory Stations. There are limitations to extending this solution to the level of field sensors due to the current links of communication, but also because of the way that historical, events and alarm databases of the flow computers are generated. Once these devices exhibit an elevated degree of safety in their operation, the solution herein presented adds a high level of reliability in the fiscal measurement and/or custody transfer.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】fiscal measurement; flow measurement; blockchain technology

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/app12157874

【Author】 Ktari, Jalel Frikha, Tarek Ben Amor, Nader Louraidh, Leila Elmannai, Hela Hamdi, Monia

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】With the evolution of information technology, the use of internet of things has increased. It affects several areas such as medical field, smart cities, and information systems. In this work, we will use this technological development in the context of health, particularly e-health. We present a platform based on IoMT to allow the monitoring of patient's health. To meet the constraint of medical secrecy and confidentiality of information, we will use the Blockchain as a secure system. Our system will use the data collected by several smart sensors such as blood pressure, SPO2 concentration, and EEG signals. These encrypted data will be collected by an embedded Raspberry PI 4 platform (working as a smart data relay) before being processed (on a backend server) and then saved in an embedded Blockchain node. The preliminary results show the effectiveness of the proposed platform as a candidate of a low-cost example of secured Electronic Health Record (EHR).

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】EHR; blockchain; blood pressure; SPO2; EEG; Raspberry PI 4; FPGA

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11152314

【Author】 Zhang, Hongwei Zaman, Marzia Stacey, Brian Sampalli, Srinivas

【Source】ELECTRONICS

【影响因子】2.690

【主题类别】

区块链技术-协同技术-物联网

【Abstract】Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of many wireless sensor nodes for collecting and sensing information. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) such as Blockchain allow organizations to store and share data in a decentralized, immutable, and secure way through a network of distributed peer-to-peer users or computers. The application of DLT to the Internet of Things (IoT) can improve the efficiency of information transmission and network security. IOTA Tangle is a DLT developed for IoT to process transactions. WSN is a core technology for IoT, and the two have a lot in common in terms of applications. Many solutions for IoT applications can be implemented with WSNs. However, the sensor nodes in WSNs have limited processing speed, storage capacity, communication bandwidth, and energy consumption capabilities. Therefore, a lightweight solution needs to be designed according to the characteristics of WSNs, rather than directly applying Tangle. The similarities between IoT and WSNs determine that the Tangle can be an essential reference for designing new solutions. In this paper, we propose a new DLT structure based on Tangle named Fishing Net Topology (FNT). The aim is to meet the lightweight requirements of sensor nodes in WSNs. We compared FNT with Tangle in terms of the packet network structure and algorithm and also experimentally analyzed the waste rate in the FNT network. It is concluded that FNT can be used at a reasonable Rate based on the requirement of the WSN applications, and it can significantly reduce the computation while enhancing the security of WSNs. Due to its structural stability and algorithmic simplicity, FNT outperforms Tangle in WSNs.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); Internet of Things (IoT); Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT); Blockchain; IOTA tangle; network topology; WSN security

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 实证数据

【DOI】 10.3390/electronics11152403

【Author】 Merrad, Yacine Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi Elsheikh, Elfatih A. A. Suliman, Fakher Eldin M. Islam, Md Rafiqul Gunawan, Teddy Surya Mesri, Mokhtaria

【Source】MATHEMATICS

【影响因子】2.592

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-共识机制

【Abstract】Consensus protocols stand behind the success of blockchain technology. This is because parties that distrust each other can make secure transactions without the oversight of a central authority. The first consensus protocol emerged with Bitcoin. Since then, many others have appeared. Some of them have been implemented by official blockchain platforms, whereas others, for the time being, remain as proposals. A blockchain consensus is a trade-off. The new solutions promise to overcome the known drawbacks of blockchain, but they may also bring new vulnerabilities. Moreover, blockchain performance metrics are not clearly defined, as some metrics, such as delay and throughput, which are key factors for the efficiency of standard networks, are purposely constrained by most mainstream blockchain platforms. The main body of this paper consolidates knowledge of blockchains, focusing on the seminal consensus protocols in large-scale market capitalization platforms, and how consensus is achieved for large-scale, decentralized, blockchain architectures. The benefits, limitations, and tradeoffs, as well as the subsequent trend in current consensus development, and its limitations as a general paradigm, are highlighted. The paper also sheds light on overlooked potential performance metrics, and it proposes some novel solutions to some of the identified problems.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; consensus; decentralization; performance metrics; tradeoffs; proposals

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.3390/math10152754

【Author】 Kakkar, Riya Gupta, Rajesh Agrawal, Smita Bhattacharya, Pronaya Tanwar, Sudeep Raboaca, Maria Simona Alqahtani, Fayez Tolba, Amr

【Source】MATHEMATICS

【影响因子】2.592

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-交通领域

【Abstract】Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained prominence in smart transportation due to their unparalleled benefits of reduced carbon footprints, improved performance, and intelligent energy trading mechanisms. These potential benefits have increased EV adoption at massive scales, but energy management in EVs is a critical study problem. The problem is further intensified due to the scarcity of charging stations (CSs) in near EV proximity. Moreover, as energy transactions occur over open channels, it presents critical security, privacy, and trust issues among decentralized channels. To address the open limitations of trusted energy management and optimize the pricing control among EV entities (i.e., prosumers and consumers), the paper proposes a scheme that integrates blockchain and a truthful double auction strategy for trustful EV trading. To address the transaction scalability, we integrate an Interplanetary File System (IPFS) with a double auction mechanism handled through the Remix Smart Contract environment. The double auction leverages an optimal payoff condition between peer EVs. To address the communication latency, we present the scheme at the backdrop of Fifth Generation (5G) networks that minimizes the optimal payoff response time. The scheme is simulated against parameters such as convergence, profit for consumers, computation time, and blockchain analysis regarding node commit latency, collusion attacks, and EV energy consumption. The results indicate the scheme's viability against traditional (non-blockchain) approaches with high reliability, scalability, and improved cost-efficiency.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; electric vehicles; IPFS; truthful double auction

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】 10.3390/math10152748

【Author】 Di Scala, Antonio J. Gangemi, Andrea Romeo, Giuliano Vernetti, Gabriele

【Source】MATHEMATICS

【影响因子】2.592

【主题类别】

区块链技术-核心技术-加密算法

【Abstract】In 2020, Sala, Sogiorno and Taufer were able to find the private keys of some Bitcoin addresses, thus being able to spend the cryptocurrency linked to them. This was unexpected since the recovery of non-trivial private keys for blockchain addresses is deemed to be an infeasible problem. In this paper, we widen this analysis by mounting a similar attack on other small subsets of the set of private keys. We then apply it to other blockchains as well, examining Ethereum, Dogecoin, Litecoin, Dash, Zcash and Bitcoin Cash. In addition to the results, we also explain the techniques we have used to perform this exhaustive search for all the addresses that have ever appeared in these blockchains, and we give an estimate of the time needed to perform all the computations. Finally, we also examine the possibility of mounting a similar attack on other elliptic curves used in blockchains, i.e., Curve25519 and NIST P-256.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cryptography; blockchain; Bitcoin; elliptic curves; subsets analysis; addresses; wallet

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 实验仿真

【DOI】 10.3390/math10152746

【Author】 Wang, Qingnian Wu, Li He, Xinyi Zeng, Yanfei

【Source】ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

【影响因子】1.926

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-医疗领域

【Abstract】

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】

【Author】 Ihm, Young-Sung Kim, Seung-Hee

【Source】IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS

【影响因子】0.695

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-公共管理

【Abstract】This paper presents the design, implementation, and verification of a blockchain-based online electronic voting system that ensures accuracy and reliability in electronic voting and its application to various types of voting using blockchain technologies, such as distributed ledgers and smart contracts. Specifically, in this study, the connection between the electronic voting system and blockchain nodes is simplified using the REST API design, and the voting opening and counting information is designed to store the latest values in the distributed ledger in JSON format, using a smart contract that cannot be falsified. The developed electronic voting system can provide blockchain authentication, secret voting, forgery prevention, ballot verification, and push notification functions, all of which are currently not supported in existing services. Furthermore, the developed system demonstrates excellence on all evaluation items, including 101 transactions per second (TPS) of blockchain online authentication, 57.6 TPS of secret voting services, 250 TPS of forgery prevention cases, 547 TPS of read transaction processing, and 149 TPS of write transaction processing, along with 100% ballot verification service, secret ballot authentication, and encryption accuracy. Functional and performance verifications were obtained through an external test certification agency in South Korea. Our design allows for blockchain authentication, non-forgery of ballot counting data, and secret voting through blockchain-based distributed ledger technology. In addition, we demonstrate how existing electronic voting systems can be easily converted to blockchain-based electronic voting systems by applying a blockchain-linked REST API. This study greatly contributes to enabling electronic voting using blockchain technology through cost reductions, information restoration, prevention of misrepresentation, and transparency enhancement for a variety of different forms of voting.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; online voting; smart contract; electronic voting

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 观点阐述

【DOI】 10.1587/transinf.2021EDK0005

【Author】 Ogawa, Daiki Kobayashi, Koichi Yamashita, Yuh

【Source】IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES

【影响因子】0.423

【主题类别】

区块链应用-实体经济-能源领域

【Abstract】Design of distributed energy management systems composed of several agents such as factories and buildings is important for realizing smart cities. In addition, demand response for saving the power consumption is also important. In this paper, we propose a design method of distributed energy management systems with real-time demand response, in which both electrical energy and thermal energy are considered. Here, we use ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), which is well known as one of the powerful methods in distributed optimization. In the proposed method, demand response is performed in real-time, based on the difference between the planned demand and the actual value. Furthermore, utilizing a blockchain is also discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is presented by a numerical example. The importance of introducing a blockchain is pointed out by presenting the adverse effect of tampering the actual value.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】ADMM; blockchain; demand response; distributed energy management systems; distributed optimization

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-09-02

【文献类型】 理论模型

【DOI】