【Author】 Ogundoyin, Sunday Oyinlola Kamil, Ismaila Adeniyi

【Source】VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】8.373

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】Privacy, security and efficiency are important performance issues in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), which researchers have tried to address in recent years. This research article proposes a lightweight and privacy-preserving certificateless authentication scheme in fog-assisted VANET using blockchain technology and neuro-fuzzy machine learning technique. A new authentication scheme is designed using certificateless signature based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and hash function operation. The scheme utilizes two blockchains to achieve decentralized and transparent transactions and revocation process. In order to prevent denial-of-service attack, in which a roadside unit (RSU) is flooded with a massive amount of fake authentication requests so as to prevent legitimate nodes from being authenticated, a neuro-fuzzy algorithm is implemented to proactively detect and discard any anomalous requests prior to an authentication process. Moreover, the scheme is demonstrated to be semantically secure in the random oracle model (ROM) based on the intractability of the discrete logarithm problem (DLP). A panoptic analysis shows that the scheme possesses outstanding attributes required for a secure vehicular communication system. The experimental simulation is conducted using simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) and the broadly-accepted network simulator NS-3. The results indicate that the proposed scheme has a high efficiency in terms of transmission delay and message delivery rate. The comparative analysis with the state-of-the-art schemes reveals that the proposed scheme has an improvement of 50%-90.5% in computation cost and 38.46%-69.6% in communication overhead. The simulation result of the neuro-fuzzy gives an accuracy of 91.5% and further analysis shows that it significantly reduces the computation burden on the RSU proportionately with increase in the number of malicious messages.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Certificateless authentication; Blockchain; Neuro-fuzzy; Fog computing; SUMO; Denial-of-service (DoS)

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1016/j.vehcom.2021.100384

【Author】 Arshad, Usama Shah, Munam Ali Javaid, Nadeem

【Source】VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS

【影响因子】8.373

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】In the present era, smart and efficient vehicular network architectures are necessary due to fast technological advancements in vehicles. Many problems arise in these complex networks, which can be handled using blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT). We proposed a comprehensive blockchain based 5G vehicular network architecture, which is cost-effective, scalable, secure, and handles various vehicular network issues in a smart city. The proposed architecture consists of all essential components like reputation system, incentive mechanism, and priority based techniques to handle different limitations in the literature. Simulations results for different scenarios depict the high execution cost of a single controller node, minor node, and ordinary node as 106305, 85864, and 65491 gas values and transaction cost as 130521, 109824, and 89195 gas values. The results depict the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in terms of scalability, time and cost-effectiveness. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; IoT; 5G; Scalability; ITS; Vehicular network architecture

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1016/j.vehcom.2021.100386

【Author】 Liu, Xiaoou

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH

【影响因子】4.672

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】With the increasing proportion of renewable energy generation connected to grid, the architecture, control method, and operation mode of the energy system begin to change. The energy system has some problems, such as difficult to maintain the privacy of energy suppliers, difficult to distinguish the authenticity of data, and low security and reliability. The introduction of blockchain technology into energy system to form an energy blockchain network is conducive to solving the information security and other issues. Aiming at the integrated energy system (IES) with renewable energy generation, the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm consensus mechanism suitable for IES is proposed to realize the two-stage robust optimal scheduling model, which uses decentralized scheduling strategy and blockchain technology. In the first stage, the technology of decoupling heat power is used to form electrical/thermal iteration chain, and the decentralized scheduling model based on Lagrange multiplier method is built. For the data consistency of decentralized scheduling, the undirected unicom structure is used to establish the communication network between energy suppliers. The thermal/electrical iterative chain and the terminal chain apply the consistency protocol algorithm and Byzantine fault tolerance consensus mechanism to solve the prescheduling scheme based on the decentralized algorithm. In the second stage, the blockchain technology is used to obtain historical data, and a data-driven renewable generation power uncertain set is established to solve the Regulation scheme. This constraint set can exclude some extreme scenarios to reduce the conservatism of the model. In the two-stage optimization process, the verification function of Byzantine fault tolerance consensus mechanism is used to discard the information tampered by malicious attack and enhance the system fault tolerance capability. The example verification results show that the proposed architecture can operate effectively and save total cost of scheduling solution 5.71%, prevent the energy suppliers from tampering with information and weaken the impact of server downtime and network errors, and improve the privacy, security, and reliability of operation scheduling.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】consensus mechanism; decentralized algorithm; energy blockchain; integrated energy system; operation scheduling

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1002/er.7598

【Author】 Patro, Pratyush Kumar Ahmad, Raja Wasim Yaqoob, Ibrar Salah, Khaled Jayaraman, Raja

【Source】IEEE ACCESS

【影响因子】3.476

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】Product recall management in the automotive industry is a challenging problem that affects human lives and the safe operation of automobiles. Product recalls can assist in removing potentially unsafe products from the marketplace and minimizing a company's responsibility for corporate negligence. Today's systems and technologies leveraged for product recall management in the automotive supply chain fall short in providing transparency, traceability, reliability, audit, security, and trust features. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based approach to overcome the aforementioned problems related to product recall management. We employ the public Ethereum blockchain and integrate it with the decentralized storage of the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to deal with the large-sized data problem. We present the system design and six algorithms explaining the working principles, information exchange flow, and stakeholders' detail and their sequential interactions. We discuss the implementation details, generalization aspects, and cost and security analyses to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The proposed solution is cost-effective, secure, and enables automakers to have end-to-end visibility of information during product recalls. We make the smart contracts' code publicly available on GitHub.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Automotive engineering; Supply chains; Blockchains; Stakeholders; Smart contracts; Industries; Automobiles; Blockchain; Ethereum; automotive industry; product recall management; automotive supply chain; smart contract; traceability

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3137307

【Author】 Teisserenc, Benjamin Sepasgozar, Samad

【Source】BUILDINGS

【影响因子】3.324

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】The key challenges of the building, engineering, construction, operations, and mining (BECOM) industries are the lack of trust, inefficiencies, and the fragmentation of the information value chain into vulnerable data silos throughout the lifecycle of projects. This paper aims to develop a novel conceptual model for the implementation of blockchain technology (BCT) for digital twin(s) (DT) in the BECOM industry 4.0 to improve trust, cyber security, efficiencies, information management, information sharing, and sustainability. A PESTELS approach is used to review the literature and identify the key challenges affecting BCT adoption for the BECOM industry 4.0. A review of the technical literature on BCT combined with the findings from PESTELS analysis permitted researchers to identify the key technological factors affecting BCT adoption in the industry. This allowed offering a technological framework-namely, the decentralized digital twin cycle (DDTC)-that leverages BCT to address the key technological factors and to ultimately enhance trust, security, decentralization, efficiency, traceability, and transparency of information throughout projects' lifecycles. The study also identifies the gaps in the integration of BCT with key technologies of industry 4.0, including the internet of things (IoT), building information modeling (BIM), and DT. The framework offered addresses key technological factors and narrows key gaps around network governance, scalability, decentralization, interoperability, energy efficiency, computational requirements, and BCT integration with IoT, BIM, and DT throughout projects' lifecycles. The model also considers the regulatory aspect and the environmental aspect, and the circular economy (CE). The theoretical framework provides key technological building blocks for industry practitioners to develop the DDTC concept further and implement it through experimental works. Finally, the paper provides an industry-specific analysis and technological approach facilitating BCT adoption through DT to address the key challenges and improve sustainability for the BECOM industry 4.0.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; PESTELS; construction; built environment; mining; BIM; IoT; digital twin; industry 4; 0

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/buildings11120670

【Author】 Wang, Qianyu Qin, Shaowen

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】This study examined the requirements for privacy-preserving and interoperability in healthcare data sharing and proposed a blockchain-based solution. The Hyperledger Fabric framework was adopted due to its enterprise-grade data processing capabilities and enhanced privacy protection functions. In addition to the Fabric's built-in privacy-preserving functions, healthcare data-specific smart contracts with hierarchical access control were developed to strengthen privacy protection in data sharing. The proposed healthcare data-sharing framework is based on Australian medical practices with the aim to upgrade, rather than to replace, the existing data management models. The outcome of this study demonstrates the feasibility of applying blockchain technology to improve privacy-preservation while enhancing interoperability in healthcare data management.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; Hyperledger Fabric; healthcare data management; medical data

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/app112411693

【Author】 Gorski, Tomasz

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】Ensuring a production-ready state of the application under development is the immanent feature of the continuous delivery approach. In a blockchain network, nodes communicate, storing data in a decentralized manner. Each node executes the same business application but operates in a distinct execution environment. The literature lacks research, focusing on continuous practices for blockchain and distributed ledger technology. In particular, such works with support for both software development disciplines of design and deployment. Artifacts from considered disciplines have been placed in the 1 + 5 architectural views model. The approach aims to ensure the continuous deployment of containerized blockchain distributed applications. The solution has been divided into two independent components: Delivery and deployment. They interact through Git distributed version control. Dedicated GitHub repositories should store the business application and deployment configurations for nodes. The delivery component has to ensure the deployment package in the actual version of the business application with the node-specific up-to-date version of deployment configuration files. The deployment component is responsible for providing running distributed applications in containers for all blockchain nodes. The approach uses Jenkins and Kubernetes frameworks. For the sake of verification, preliminary tests have been conducted for the Electricity Consumption and Supply Management blockchain-based system for prosumers of renewable energy.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; continuous deployment; 1+5 architectural views model; model-driven development

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/app112411745

【Author】 Ghovanlooy Ghajar, Fatemeh Salimi Sratakhti, Javad Sikora, Axel

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】With many advances in sensor technology and the Internet of Things, Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is becoming a new generation. VANET's current technical challenges are deploying decentralized architecture and protecting privacy. Because Blockchain features are decentralized, distributed, mass storage, and non-manipulation features, this paper designs a new decentralized architecture using Blockchain technology called Blockchain-based VANET. Blockchain-based VANET can effectively resolve centralized problems and mutual distrust between VANET units. To achieve this, it is needed to provide scalability on the blockchain to run for VANET. In this system, our focus is on the reliability of incoming messages on the network. Vehicles check the validity of the received messages using the proposed Bayesian formula for trust management system and some information saved in the Blockchain. Then, based on the validation result, the vehicle computes a rate for each message type and message source vehicle. Vehicles upload the computed rates to Roadside Units (RSUs) in order to calculate the net reliability value. Finally, RSUs using a sharding consensus mechanism generate blocks, including the net reliability value as a transaction. In this system, all RSUs collaboratively maintain the latest updated Blockchain. Our experimental results show that the proposed system is effective, scalable and dependable in data gathering, computing, organization, and retrieval of trust values in VANET.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】VANET; blockchain-based system; sharding algorithm; trust management system

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/app112411947

【Author】 Frattolillo, Franco

【Source】APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL

【影响因子】2.838

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】Copyright protection of digital content has become a problem not only for web content providers but also for ordinary web users who like to publish their digital contents on social or user generated content platforms. Among the possible solutions to such a problem, digital watermarking, in conjunction with watermarking protocols, appears to be a valid alternative to current DRM (digital rights management) systems. In fact, watermarking based solutions insert perceptually invisible copyright information into the copies of contents published or distributed on the web in order to track them. Such insertions are carried out according to the watermarking protocols, which have evolved over the years from the classic buyer and seller paradigm into a simpler and versatile buyer friendly and mediated approach. However, such an approach cannot exploit the new technologies that characterize the current Internet. This paper presents a new watermarking protocol able to adapt the buyer friendly and mediated approach to the use of innovative technologies such as cloud platforms and blockchain. In this way, (1) content providers and common web users can take advantage of the computing and storage resources made available by cloud platforms; (2) the involvement of trusted third parties in the protocols can be reduced by using blockchain without complicating the protection scheme. In fact, these two goals make the protocol particularly suited for the current Internet.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】watermarking protocols; digital copyright protection; cloud computing; blockchain

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/app112412028

【Author】 Boguslavsky, Dmitry V. Sharova, Natalia P. Sharov, Konstantin S.

【Source】MATHEMATICS

【影响因子】2.592

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】In comparison with other respiratory viruses, the current COVID-19 pandemic's rapid seizing the world can be attributed to indirect (contact) way of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in addition to the regular airborne way. A significant part of indirect transmission is made through cash bank notes. SARS-CoV-2 remains on cash paper money for period around four times larger than influenza A virus and is absorbed by cash notes two and a half times more effectively than influenza A (our model). During the pandemic, cryptocurrencies have gained attractiveness as an epidemiologically safe means of transactions. On the basis of the authors' gallop polls performed online with social networks users in 44 countries in 2020-2021 (the total number of clear responses after the set repair 32,115), around 14.7% of surveyed participants engaged in cryptocurrency-based transactions during the pandemic. This may be one of the reasons of significant rise of cryptocurrencies rates since mid-March 2020 till the end of 2021. The paper discusses the reasons for cryptocurrency attractiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, there are fear of SARS-CoV-2 spread via cash contacts and the ability of the general population to mine cryptocurrencies. The article also provides a breakdown of the polled audience profile to determine the nationalities that have maximal level of trust to saving and transacting money as cryptocurrencies.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】COVID-19; Bitcoin; Ether; Ethereum; contact way of disease transmission; respiratory virus; cash money

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/math9243263

【Author】 He, Xudong Wang, Jian Liu, Jiqiang Yuan, Enze Wang, Kailun Han, Zhen

【Source】SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS CCF-C

【影响因子】1.968

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】The rapid development of the smart grid brings convenience to human beings. It enables users to know the real-time power supply capacity, the power quality, and the electricity price fluctuation of the grid. However, there are still some threats in the smart grid, which increase all kinds of expenses in the grid and cause great trouble to energy distribution. Among them, the man-made nontechnical loss (NTL) problem is particularly prominent. Recently, there are also some NTL detection programs. However, most of the schemes need huge amounts of supporting data and high labor costs. As a result, the NTL problem has not been well solved. In order to better avoid these risks, problems such as tampering of smart meter energy data, bypassing the smart meter directly connected to the grid, and imbalance between revenue and expenditure of the smart grid are tackled, and the threat scene of NTL is constructed. A hierarchical grid gateway blockchain is proposed and designed, and a new decentralized management MDMS system is constructed. The intelligent contract combined with the elliptic curve encryption technology is used to detect the storage and the acquisition of power data, and the detection of NTL problems is realized. At the same time, it has a certain ability to resist attacks such as replay, monitoring, and tampering. We tested the time consumption and throughput of this method on Hyperledger Fabric. At the same time, eight indexes of other methods proposed in the literature are compared. This method has a good effect.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1155/2021/9501572

【Author】 Ikeda, Kazuki Aoki, Shoto

【Source】QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING

【影响因子】1.965

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】The quest of this work is to present discussions of some fundamental questions of economics in the era of quantum technology, which require a treatment different from economics studied thus far in the literature. A study of quantum economic behavior will become the center of attention of economists in the coming decades. We analyze a quantum economy in which players produce and consume quantum goods. They meet randomly and barter with neighbors bilaterally for quantum goods they produced. We clarify the conditions where certain quantum goods emerge endogenously as media of exchange, called quantum commodity money. As quantum strategies are entangled, we find distinctive aspects of quantum games that cannot be explained by conventional classical games. In some situations a quantum player can acquire a quantum good from people regardless of their strategies, while on the other hand people can find quantum strategies that improve their welfare based on an agreement. Those novel properties imply that quantum games also shed new light on theories of mechanism design, auction and contract in the quantum era.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Quantum money; Nash equilibrium; Quantum games; Kiyotaki-Wright model; Economics; Quantum network

【发表时间】2022

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1007/s11128-021-03378-5

【Author】 Zhang, Zengrong

【Source】INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS

【影响因子】1.938

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】In order to meet the demand for efficient computing services in big data scenarios, a cloud edge collaborative computing allocation strategy based on deep reinforcement learning by combining the powerful computing capabilities of cloud is proposed. First, based on the comprehensive consideration of computing resources, bandwidth, and migration decisions, an optimization problem is constructed that minimizes the sum of all user task execution delays and energy consumption weights. Second, a dynamic offloading scheduling algorithm based on Q-learning is proposed based on the optimization problem. This algorithm makes full use of the computing power for cloud and edge, which effectively meets the demand for efficient computing services in Internet of Things' scenarios. Finally, facing the environment dynamic changes of edge nodes in edge cloud, the algorithm can adaptively adjust the migration strategy. Experiments show that when the number of Internet of Things' devices is 30, the total energy consumption of Internet of Things' devices of proposed algorithm is reduced by 24.67% and 19.44%, respectively, compared with other algorithms. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm can effectively improve the success rate of task offloading and execution, which can reduce the local energy consumption.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Mobile edge computing; task offloading; resource allocation; reinforcement learning; Internet of things; computing resources; edge server

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1177/15501477211064800

【Author】 Regueiro, Cristina Seco, Inaki Gutierrez-Aguero, Ivan Urquizu, Borja Mansell, Jason

【Source】ALGORITHMS

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】Audit logs are a critical component in today's enterprise business systems as they provide several benefits such as records transparency and integrity and security of sensitive information by creating a layer of evidential support. However, current implementations are vulnerable to attacks on data integrity or availability. This paper presents a Blockchain-based audit trail mechanism that leverages the security features of Blockchain to enable secure and reliable audit trails and to address the aforementioned vulnerabilities. The architecture design and specific implementation are described in detail, resulting in a real prototype of a reliable, secure, and user-friendly audit trail mechanism.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Blockchain; audit trail; reliability; integrity; usability; monitor

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/a14120341

【Author】 Lykidis, Ioannis Drosatos, George Rantos, Konstantinos

【Source】COMPUTERS

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链应用--

【Abstract】e-Government services have evolved significantly over the last decade, from a paper-based bureaucratic procedure to digital services. Electronically processed transactions require limited physical interaction with the public administration, and provide reduced response times, increased transparency, confidentiality and integrity. Blockchain technology enhances many of the above properties as it facilitates immutability and transparency for the recorded transactions and can help establish trust among participants. In this paper, we conduct a literature review on the use of blockchain technology in e-government applications to identify e-government services that can benefit from the use of blockchains, types of technologies that are chosen for the proposed solutions, and their corresponding maturity levels. The aim is to demonstrate blockchain's potential and contribution to the field, provide useful insights to governments who are considering investing in this innovative technology, and facilitate researchers in their future activities in blockchain-enabled e-government services.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】blockchain; distributed ledger technology; e-government; review

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.3390/computers10120168

【Author】 Agostino, Deborah Bracci, Enrico Steccolini, Ileana

【Source】FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】This paper introduces the special issue on accounting and accountability for the digital transformation of public services. Papers in special issues offer different perspectives on how digital technologies affect performance management, considering the challenges and opportunities that arise when digital data are collected and translated into a set of measures, the complexity of relying on these digital data to enhance transparency and accountability, and the organizational implications of digital data when used to support public-sector decision makers in a variety of activities, such as auditing or benchmarking.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】accounting; big data; digital transformation; public sector accounting; public services

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1111/faam.12314

【Author】 Kellner, Tobias Maltritz, Dominik

【Source】JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC STUDIES

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze market inefficiencies in the market for cryptocurrencies by providing a comprehensive analysis of short-term (over)reactions that follow significant price changes of such currencies. Design/methodology/approach This study identifies and analyzes overreactions and mispricing in markets for cryptocurrencies by applying a broad set of thresholds that depend on market-specific dynamics and volatilities. This study also analyzes the returns on days following abnormal returns and identifies significant differences from normal returns using the t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. The researchers further complement the literature by using end-of-the-day returns in addition to high-low returns. Additionally, this study considers a broad sample of 50 cryptocurrencies for an expanded time span (2015-2020) that includes the big currencies as well as smaller currencies. Findings Findings detect the existence of overreactions and, thus, market inefficiencies in crypto markets. The findings for different methodological approaches are similar, which underpins the robustness of the findings. By considering a broad sample that includes small and big currencies, we can show the existence of a market size effect. By considering a broad set of thresholds, the authors further found evidence for a magnitude effect, which means that higher initial abnormal returns are related to higher inefficiencies. Practical implications This paper has practical implications. Market inefficiencies were detected, which can be used in practical trading to obtain excess returns. In fact, methodological approach of this study and its results can be used to derive a strategy for trading in cryptocurrencies that can be easily implemented. Based on the study's findings, the authors can expect positive access returns by applying this trading strategy. Originality/value The authors complement the literature on market inefficiencies and mispricing in crypto markets by analyzing price patterns after initial abnormal returns. Researchers contribute by applying different methodological approaches in addition to the approaches used so far, by considering a set of different thresholds and by applying a much broader data set that enables the study to analyze additional aspects.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】Cryptocurrencies; Overreaction; Market efficiency; Bitcoin; Abnormal returns; Magnitude effect; G12; G14

【发表时间】

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1108/JES-09-2021-0488

【Author】 Feinstein, Brian D. Werbach, Kevin

【Source】JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL REGULATION

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】The meteoric growth of global cryptocurrency markets presents novel challenges to regulators. Some policymakers and scholars warn that regulation will cause trading activity to cross borders into less-regulated jurisdictions oreven smother a promising new financial asset class. Others believe regulatory actions will stimulate activity by provi ding clarity to market participants. Standing behind this disagreement is a debate about the desirability of either outcome. Some believe that governments should promote development of the cryptocurrency sector within their countries, while others view cryptocurrencies as conduits of illegality and fraud that should be restricted through strict regulation or even outright bans. Yet these debates have, to date, been conducted almost entirely without data concerning the effects of regulation on market activity. As a corrective, in this article we assembled original data on cryptocurrency regulations worldwide and used them to empirically examine movement in trading activity at a number of exchanges following key regulatory announcements. We found that a wide variety of models yielded almost entirely null results. From the creation of bespoke licensing regimes to targeted anti money-laundering and anti-fraud enforcement actions, as well as many other categories of government activities, we found no systemic evidence that regulatory measures cause traders to flee, or enter into, the affected jurisdictions. These findings at last provide an empirical basis for regulatory decisions concerning cryptocurrency trading. Among other things, they call into question that capital flight or chilling effects should be a first-order concern.

你可以尝试使用大模型来生成摘要 立即生成

【Keywords】cryptocurrencies; financial regulation; bitcoin; capital flight; volume event study

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1093/jfr/fjab003

【Author】 Cooper, Gilead Q. C.

【Source】TRUSTS & TRUSTEES

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链治理--

【Abstract】The question whether digital assets such as cryptocurrencies are property as a matter of law has been the subject of academic debate almost since the inception of the bitcoin network in 2009. The question arises from the fact that such assets, and cryptocurrencies in particular, do not fit into traditional categories of property as understood by the common law, being neither choses in possession nor choses in action. However, following a series of decisions in the last couple of years, it now seems reasonably settled that this question will be answered in the affirmative, although no cases have so far reached the highest level of the courts. The consequences have yet to be worked out. One obvious consequence is that cryptocurrencies can be the subject of a trust. However, the unique features of digital assets give rise to a number of interesting problems, both theoretical and practical, on which there is little authoritative guidance.

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【Keywords】

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1093/tandt/ttab027

【Author】 Braem, Christian Eilers, Marco Mueller, Peter Sierra, Robin Summers, Alexander J.

【Source】PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES-PACMPL

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

区块链技术--

【Abstract】Smart contracts are programs that execute in blockchains such as Ethereum to manipulate digital assets. Since bugs in smart contracts may lead to substantial financial losses, there is considerable interest in formally proving their correctness. However, the specification and verification of smart contracts faces challenges that rarely arise in other application domains. Smart contracts frequently interact with unverified, potentially adversarial outside code, which substantially weakens the assumptions that formal analyses can (soundly) make. Moreover, the core functionality of smart contracts is to manipulate and transfer resources; describing this functionality concisely requires dedicated specification support. Current reasoning techniques do not fully address these challenges, being restricted in their scope or expressiveness (in particular, in the presence of re-entrant calls), and offering limited means of expressing the resource transfers a contract performs. In this paper, we present a novel specification methodology tailored to the domain of smart contracts. Our specifications and associated reasoning technique are the first to enable: (1) sound and precise reasoning in the presence of unverified code and arbitrary re-entrancy, (2) modular reasoning about collaborating smart contracts, and (3) domain-specific specifications for resources and resource transfers, expressing a contract's behaviour in intuitive and concise ways and excluding typical errors by default. We have implemented our approach in 2VYPER, an SMT-based automated verification tool for Ethereum smart contracts written in Vyper, and demonstrated its effectiveness for verifying strong correctness guarantees for real-world contracts.

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【Keywords】Ethereum; smart contracts; specification; software verification; resources

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 期刊

【DOI】 10.1145/3485523

【Author】 Morella, Paula Lamban, Maria Pilar Royo, Jesus Sanchez, Juan Carlos

【Source】AGRONOMY-BASEL

【影响因子】3.949

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】Industry 4.0 is changing the industrial environment. Particularly, the emerging Industry 4.0 technologies can improve the agri-food supply chain throughout all its stages. This study aims to highlight the benefits of implementing Industry 4.0 in the agri-food supply chain. First, it presents how technologies enhance the agri-food supply chain development. Then, it identifies and highlights the most common challenges that Industry 4.0 implementation faces in agri-food's environment. After that, it proposes key performance indicators to measure the advantages of this implementation. To achieve this, a systematic literature review was conducted. It combined conceptual and bibliometric analyses of 78 papers. As a result, the most suitable technologies were identified, e.g., Internet of Things, Big Data, blockchain and cyber physical systems. The most used indicators are proposed and the challenges of implementation were detected and classified in three groups, i.e., technical, educational and governmental. This paper highlights and exemplifies the benefits of implementing Industry 4.0 facing the lack of knowledge that exists nowadays. Moreover, it fulfils the gaps in literature, i.e., the lack of information about the implementation of technologies 4.0 or the description of the most relevant indicators for Industry 4.0 implementation.

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【Keywords】smart industry; agri-food; digitization; key performance indicators

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/agronomy11122526

【Author】 Romano, Diego Schmid, Giovanni

【Source】CRYPTOGRAPHY

【影响因子】0.000

【主题类别】

综述--

【Abstract】In the last four years, the evolution and adoption of blockchain and, more generally, distributed ledger systems have shown the affirmation of many concepts and models with significant differences in system governance and suitable applications. This work aims to analyze distributed ledger technology (DLT) critically. Starting from the topical idea of decentralization, we introduce concepts and building blocks currently adopted in the available systems centering on their functional aspects and impact on possible applications. We present some conceptual framing tools helpful in the application context: a DLT reference architecture, off-chain and on-chain governance models, and classification of consensus protocols. Finally, we introduce the concept of process authenticity, reviewing tools and strategies for integrating DLT with the physical world and proposing a constructive scheme for the authentication of a physical resource through alphanumeric data.

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【Keywords】blockchain technology; process authenticity; tokens; anchors; oracles

【发表时间】2021

【收录时间】2022-01-08

【文献类型】 综述

【DOI】 10.3390/cryptography5040036